List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency

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Zamindaris were established in the Madras Presidency by the government of the British East India Company starting from 1799 onwards. These settlements were established in order to delineate authority to landlords and thereby relieve the ryot from the control of middlemen who often exploited them. Often, these zamindars were Indian Native princes who lost their sovereignty due to British expansion. The zamindari settlement was based on a similar settlement established in Bengal. The Zamindari settlement of Madras was largely unsuccessful and was wrapped up in 1852. However, a few Zamindaris remained till India's independence in 1947.

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Land proprietorship in Madras Presidency

The colonial Madras Presidency comprised an area of 148,796 square miles (385,380 km2), of which 141,705 square miles (367,010 km2) were under direct British rule, while the rest was distributed amongst the princely states. In the areas administered by the British, three systems of land proprietorship existed: zamindaris, inams and ryotwaris.

In 1911, zamindari estates covered 26 million acres (110,000 km2) and occupied over one-fourth of the total area of the presidency. [1] In 1945-46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km2) of Zamindari estates which yielded a revenue of 97,83,167 Rupees and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km2) of ryotwari lands which yielded a revenue of Rs. 7,26,65,330. [2]

Zamindaris from 1799 to 1852

The zamindari system was introduced in the Madras Presidency in 1799 in the aftermath of the defeat of the Polygars in the Polygar Wars.

Zamindaris in 1877-1920

In 1877, C. D.Maclean made a survey of the existing zamindaris under the jurisdiction of Madras Presidency. As per this survey, a few of these zamindaris were larger than some of the smaller princely states in the Presidency. The largest of these were Jeypore Estate which was the largest amongst all zamindaris in the Presidency with an area of 12,000 square miles (31,000 km2), Vizianagaram with 2,970 square miles (7,700 km2), Ramnad, Ganapur and Sivaganga, Ramnad and Sivaganga being demoted princely states, were larger in size than the princely states of Cochin or Pudukkottai. Ramnad, the larger of the two, covered an area of 2,351 square miles (6,090 km2), and was second only to Travancore amongst princely states in Madras Presidency. Karvatinuggur, Kalahasti, Nuzvid, Poonganur, Paralekhemidi and Podile and Darsi divisions of Venkatagiri were larger in size than the princely state of Banganapalle while Virasanapettah, Arni estate and Kanguni were larger than Sandur.

List of zamindaris in Madras Presidency in the year 1877
ZamindariArea
(in square miles)		Population in 1877Revenue paid to the Madras government in 1877
(in rupees)
Chengalpattu district
Kayapakkam2670
Ellimbedu1,066
Nemmili848
Karamthangal148
Bunanthangal152
Keevaloor530
Belayanoor159
Palanallore455
Thathanur118
Bhimapuram102
Vayaloor1,085
Periveli458
Magayur1,752
Isoor658
Irumbedu239
Amayampattu28
Vichoor123
Vilangansor132
Perla Velikadu146
Vettur320
Saravabakam225
Othevilakam235
Karimbakam210
Vembanur321
Panayur244
Vilangadu297
Puthukuppam46
Keelakandai177
Sinna Velikadu193
Venmalagram102
Sirulakatoor44
Pondur3,693
Torayur147
Sirumayllor446
Andarkuppam363
Chithur165
Thundan Vellery117
Mambakam205
Kalputtu121
Agarum565
Coimbatore district
Oothocooly4,393
Samattur and Kottampatty1683, 1860, 4200
Avalappampatty2804
Poravipolliem1436
Negamam2480
Metrathy1966
Thoongary848
Myvady561
Jothampatty146
Vedapatty146
Andipatty5,166
Mooloor and Okinium2,236
Sattiagalam....
Ganjam district
Akkayavalasa1788278
Asika 3.567,7124,857
Athgarh149.3777,22860,000
Baruva10.258,4547,800
Beddam1.7521789
Belamarapalavalasa2.33855
Beridi14.7510,9604,500
Budharsinghi4.253,244500
Chackipalli0.751,018869
Chikiti 64.540,78934,000
Chinnakemidi (Sana Khemundi)55.3129,84920,000
Chinnatangam7.43395424
Chittivalasa 15,6982,074
Danta4.063,2203,309
Dharakot (Dharakote)50.2531,26225,000
Davabhumi43,5395,188
Gopalpur 1,1715,1653,699
Jalantar25.518,4507,000
Jarada95,8131,002
Jarangi 2.752,3361,002
Jonnupada 0.3113893
Khallikot 8442,58919,000
Karakavalasa 9.067,7954,048
Konsalacuttur 0.33574393
Kurla3.755,4575,455
Lusaram 0.75320332
Malgam 1.56916572
Mandasa 35.7534,50814,000
Mungatavalasa 5.753,6954,048
Palur16.314,173553
Paralekhemedi 451.5252,39182,139
Pedda Khimedi (Bada Khemundi)78.4340,81023,500
Peddatangam 0.31564424
Rajapur0.1826676
Santalaksimipur7.064851,192
Seddibeharakuttur0.25109103
Seerghar (Sheragada)20.759,5955,500
Srikurmana
(part of Vizianagaram)		17.7516,927Included in Vizianagaram
Sorada 4615,3244,000
Surangi 14.7512,9193,500
Talasamudram 1.379232,383
Takkali Estates61.5658,05449,088
Tallavalasa 0.37387424
Tarla 28.7524,6394,000
Tarlepatta 0.75388256
Tilaru 15.756,1803,654
Towdam 2.51,030686
Urlam 14.511,06113,582
Yellamanchilli 1643654
Godavary district
Pittapore 18879,6063,41,627 [3]
Polavaram 29258,274 [4] 43,210 [5]
Kolanka14350
Tuni 37650,20126429
Dommeru 24035,001
Annavarapu Peta 3895
Kapileswara Puram 8765
Undrajavaram 630
KotipallyPeskash in the Vizianagaram Zamindari
Uppada and Aminbada673
Nidadavolu and Barhajhally1,19,346
Ambarapet16,097
Vegayammapeta8362
Tangellmudi5143
Bhimolu3031
Anumullanka611
Singanagudem46
Vilasa1440
Janupalle218
Jalimudi277
Telikicherla962
Gundepalli962
Panangipalli737
Sirasavilli Savaram300
Bantumilli200
Mukkamala107
Jaggampet33,072
Dontamuru3248
Rayavaram1998
Viravaram26876
Palivela19,240
Kirlampudi23,382
Gopalapuram18,540
Elamanchili8,823
Chinchinada1647
China Mamidipalli255
Neredumilli445
Vardhanani532
Dhumantigudem142
Gollaprolu11,567
Kesanakuru11,574
Vasantavada7,349
Narayanapuram2,948
Malakacherla1,495
Daddipudi378
Gutala6,749
Mungondapalem545
Chidipi1,671
Peddeham2,628
Tirugudumetta1,856
Injeram3,217
Pattesam2,282
Prakkilanka1,822
Vangalapudi3,817
Viravillipalem3,534
Nadavapalli3,129
Tyajampudi2,791
Kurukuru1,482
Billumilli1,619
Lakkavaram2,643
Jangareddigudem499
Dharmavaram2402
Krapa2,385
Malakapalli2,282
Katavaram2,135
Yadavolu2,161
Konitivada2,004
Borrampalem1,038
Vegavaram787
Gavuripatnam1,853
Murumanda1,850
Anatavaram1,763
Magam1,746
Yernagudem1,725
Vunkaramilli alias Ravimetta1,630
Kalavalapalli1346
Pativala Gurajanapalli1,296
Mallavaram947
Johurullabada alias Hukumpeta1,401
Buchampeta738
Gangolu1,264
Vella1,240
Bayyanagudem1,006
Potukurru210
Bommuru853
Guttinadeevi776
Kondagudem753
Petta583
Viravaram554
Dandangi551
Surasaniyanam529
Nilapalli479
Nandigudem390
Nallamillipadu203
Gavaravaram145
jagannadhapuram117
Pydimetta110
Vadlapattanam86
Tirumanagudem64
Mansubdari of Godavari district
Thotapalle Estate 6,310
Bhadrachalam and Rakapalli50527,69521,090
Bollineni.....
Kistna district
Nuzvid Estate 561107,4651,08,221
Virsanapettah 25755,66220,829
Challapalli
Chintalapati Vantu17,500
Chevendra4,776
Chanubanda1.357
Mylavaram Muttah 1.25 vantu4,858
Mylavaram Muttah 1 vantu3,887
Vutukur Muttah2,156
Half of Tiruvur Muttah2,117
Yenagadapa Muttah1,236
Half og Gumpalagudem Muttah1,295
Western part of Gumpalagudem muttah1,291
Munagala Paragana4,572
Vallur South20,493
Gudur Paragana35,988
Pinagudur Lanka319
Kruttiventi South2,910
Balliparru459
Kuchipudy229
Narayanagudem138
Other Half of Tiruur muttah2219
Kalagara812
Putrela510
Kondur and Kmbhampad507
Kokilampad75
Pengollu1,262
Munukulla71
Komera Muttah703
Lingagiri Pragana486
Devarapally451
Rayavaram908
China Gollapalem238
Chitti Gudur524
Madura district
Ammayanayakkanur 10011,606
Ramnad 2,351504,1313,38,686
Sivaganga 1,557434,2532,88,317
Paliembatti13,544
Pandalgudi11,136
Rettiembadi11,978
Velur10,563
Velliagundam Taluk2,183
Sirupaly903
Puliengolum1,931
Jotilanaikanoor1,070
Woodapanaiknoor2,583
Thoddappanaiknoor2,179
Keelacottai480
Nadukottai773
Melaycottai910
Perayoor11,857
Sappattor8,813
Santhayoor3,697
Yeloomalai3,612
Bodinaiknoor15,347
Gantamanaiknoor13,414
Tevaram1,100
Yerasackanaiknoor2,061
Kannivady38,120
Ayagudy16,785
Yedayacottai7,000
Mambaray1,500
Nellore district
Venkatagiri 3,77,085
Darsi division48873,139Revenue included under Venkatagiri
Podile division40562,934Revenue included under Venkatagiri
Chundi21,219
Mutyalpad2,000
North Arcot district
Arni Jagir(e)17077,6795,933
Kalahasti 602135,1041,76,816
Kangundi 17952,04722,959
Karvetinagar 634289,8941,80,495
Punganur Estate 524109,28266,859
Pulicherla Polliem5,580
Bungari Polliem11,643
Gudipati2,849
Thummba Polliem1,783
Kallur Polliem4,097
Naraganti Polliem6,553
Karakambodi Polliem.....
Krishnapuram Polliem...
Tanjore district
Poraiyar Nadar's estate
Kabisthalam estate
Kunniyur estate > 24
Poondi estate > 24
Ukkadai estate > 24
Koonampatti
Vadapadimangalam estate > 24
Gandharvakottai estate 6,577
Sillathur2,165
Palayavanam3,767
Singavanam3,261
Mudukkur2,461
Nedvasal2,067
Sandangudi2,046
Kallakottai1,701
Padaramkottai1,309
Attivette913
Konur433
Punavasal350
Tirunelveli district
Alagapuri 5.22,452
Avudyapuram 13.366,960
Ettaiyapuram 527.47140,108
Kollapatti 20.47,530
Jennalkudi 11.343,532
Kadambur 25.87,590
Kollakondan 1.359,021
Kulattur 15.274,903
Mannarkottai21.1613,900
Maniachi153,190
Melmandai34.14,460
pithapuram 101.4814,03456789
Setthur91.4411,916
Singampatti 110.3816,295
Sivagiri 122.3849,531
Surandei 1.342,580
Talavankottai 6.143,117
Thenkalam ....
Uurkad 3.323,903
Uthumalai 124.4931,541
Trichinopolly district
Udayarpalayam642
Thoriyur700
Marungapuri20,586
Kadavur13,410
Kattuputtoor 15,901
Ariyalur700
Vizagapatam district
Anakapalli 597143,549-
Bimlipatam 243113,079-
Bobbili Estate 333140,739-
Chepudipalli 615162,827-
Gajapatinagarum 276121,758-
Golaconda 87426,7201,02,374
Hill tracts of Golconda and Viravalli50015,880-
Jeypore Estate 12000405700N. A.
Kurupam 80080,0342,50,000
Salur 22277,006-
Vavilavalasa and Siripuram 440.3033,006-
Sarvasiddi 960129,1851,90,595
Serungavarapukota 318130,362-
Viravalli 688166,184-
Visakhapatnam 21690,467-
Gubbi Samasthanam94684236,78910,93,567
Vizianagaram 2,970149,920-
Source:MaClean, C. D. (1877). Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency. Government of Madras. pp. 419–434.

Other zamindaris

This is a list of other zamindaris which were either not included in MaClean's list or were non-existent at the time of the enumeration.

ZamindariDistrict
Ammayanayakannur [6]
Anegundi Raj [7]
Amudala Kalva Estate
Bodinaickanur [8]
Chinna Merangi [9]
Panyam estate [10]
Manchuru Estate
Gannavaram East Godavari
Dharmavaram Estate [11] West Godavari
Ramakrishnarajuvari Peta
Thotapalle Mansabdari [12] East Godavari
Rekapalle Estate East Godavari
Kalavalapalli [13] West Godavari
Nandigama, Jaggampeta,Part thereof Annadevarapeta [14]

See also

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The name is derived from its founder Raja Vijayaram Raj who established a sovereign kingdom by claiming independence from the Kingdom of Jeypore in 1711. It formed alliances with the French and British East India Company to conquer the neighbouring principalities of Bobbili, Kurupam, Paralakhemundi and the Kingdom of Jeypore. However, they fell out with the British and as a result were attacked and defeated in the Battle of Padmanabham. They were annexed as a tributary estate like other principalities and remained so until their accession to the Indian Union in 1949.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeypore Estate</span> Kingdom of the Kalinga region of India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pithapuram Estate</span> Zamindari Estate

Pithapuram Zamindari was a Zamindari in the East Godavari district of Madras Presidency. In 1802, Pithapuram was overshadowed by the renowned Peddapuram estate. But, in 1843, all other villages of Peddapuram were lost except Kottam and they were left with only 36 villages. In this period, Pithapuram gained prominence purchased some estates of Peddapuram like Thotapalle Estate. By 1874-1875 this estate had a revenue of Rs 5 lakhs and paid a tribute of Rs 2.5 lakhs. The Pitapuram Raja sponsored the monumental classical Telugu dictionary Sri Suryarayandhra Nighantuvu and commissioned the first typewriter in Telugu.

Bobbili Estate was a Zamindari in the Vizagapatam District of the Madras Presidency, presently in the Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It comprises 153 Jeroyati villages, 53 Agraharams, 5 Mokhasas by 1907 and a revenue of 8,33,000/- by 1938. It is one of the most influential Zamindari. It is spread over 300 square miles. It also bought shares in many estates like Kirlampudi, Dontamuru etc. It prospered in the period of British Raj.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vikram Dev III</span> Maharajah of Jeypore from 1895–1920

Maharajah Sir Vikram Dev III KCIE or Vikram Dev was the king of Jeypore, Kalinga, from 1889 – 1920. He is well known for his administration, altruism, education reforms, tribal welfare, and various construction works that developed the kingdom of Jeypore.

References

  1. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Madras (presidency)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 290.
  2. ↑ Statesman, Pg 154
  3. ↑ The rent for Pittapoor also included the rent for Cocanada and Coringa
  4. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, James Sutherland Cotton, Sir Richard Burn, Sir William Stevenson Meyer Clarendon Press, 1908 - Great Britain
  5. ↑ A Century of Politics in Andhra Pradesh: Ethnicity & Regionalism in Indian State. Rationalist Voice Publications. 2002.
  6. ↑ "Indian princely states starting with A". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  7. ↑ "Anegundi Zamindari". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  8. ↑ "Indian princely states starting with B". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  9. ↑ "Indian princely states starting with C". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  10. ↑ "Indian princely states starting with P". Indian princely states website. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  11. ↑ MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Dharmavaram".
  12. ↑ MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Totapalli".
  13. ↑ MacLean, Charles Donald (1879). "Zamindar of Kavalapalli".
  14. ↑ "Zamindar of Nandigama". 30 January 2024.

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