Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host's cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. Twenty to thirty percent of foodborne listeriosis infections in high-risk individuals may be fatal. In the European Union, listeriosis continues an upward trend that began in 2008, causing 2,161 confirmed cases and 210 reported deaths in 2014, 16% more than in 2013. In the EU, listeriosis mortality rates also are higher than those of other foodborne pathogens. Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum.
Listeria is a genus of bacteria that acts as an intracellular parasite in mammals. By 2024, 28 species had been identified. The genus is named in honour of the British pioneer of sterile surgery Joseph Lister. Listeria species are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and facultatively anaerobic, and do not produce endospores.
Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Pseudomonadota.
Ipomoea aquatica, widely known as water spinach, is a semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots. I. aquatica is generally believed to have been first domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. It grows abundantly near waterways and requires little to no care.
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product of these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H
2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Listeria ivanovii is a species of bacteria in the genus Listeria. The listeria are rod-shaped bacteria, do not produce spores, and become positively stained when subjected to Gram staining. Of the six bacteria species within the genus, L. ivanovii is one of the two pathogenic species. In 1955 Bulgaria, the first known isolation of this species was found from sheep. It behaves like L. monocytogenes, but is found almost exclusively in ruminants. The species is named in honor of Bulgarian microbiologist Ivan Ivanov. This species is facultatively anaerobic, which makes it possible for it to go through fermentation when there is oxygen depletion.
Psychrobacter alimentarius is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from squid jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, in South Korea
Psychrobacter cibarius is a Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from jeotgal in Korea.
Listeria riparia is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathongenic. Its name refers to the riparian zone, and its discovery was first published in 2014.
Listeria cornellensis is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathogenic. The species was named after Cornell University, and its discovery was first published in 2014.
Listeria floridensis is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathongenic and non-hemolytic. The species was discovered in and named after Florida, and its discovery was first published in 2014.
Listeria grandensis is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathongenic and non-hemolytic. The species was discovered in and named after Grand County, Colorado, and its discovery was first published in 2014.
Listeria booriae is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, non-spore-forming rod-shaped species of bacteria. It is not pathogenic and nonhemolytic. It was discovered in a dairy processing plant in the Northeastern United States, and was first described in 2015. The species name honors "Kathryn Boor, a United States food scientist, for her contribution to the understanding of the biology of Listeria."
Listeria weihenstephanensis is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathongenic and non-hemolytic. It was discovered in a Lemna trisulca plant in a pond in Bavaria, Germany. The species name reflects the region in which it was first isolated, and was first published in 2013.
Listeria fleischmannii is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is non-pathogenic and non-hemolytic. The species was first isolated in 2006 in Switzerland from hard cheese. The species is named after Wilhelm Fleischmann, a pioneer in the research of dairy products.
Listeria seeligeri is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, nonspore-forming, bacillus-shaped species of bacteria. It is not pathogenic. The species was first isolated from plants, soil, and animal feces in Europe, was first proposed in 1983, and is named after Heinz P. R. Seeliger. Seeliger first proposed the species L. ivanovii and L. innocua, and published extensively on members of the genus Listeria.
Roseomonas aquatica is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pale pink-colored bacterium. It was first isolated from drinking water from Seville, Spain. The species name is derived from the Latin aquatica.
Perlucidibaca aquatica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Perlucidibaca which has been isolated from water from a limestone cave from Samcheok in Korea.
Listeria innocua is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It is motile, facultatively anaerobic, and non-spore-forming. L. innocua was named innocua (innocuous) because, in contrast to Listeria monocytogenes, it does not readily cause disease in mammals. Another Listeria species, L. seeligeri, was named after one of the discoverers of L. innocua.
Kribbia dieselivorans is a species of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The bacteria are facultatively anaerobic and mesophilic, and the cells can be irregular rods or coccoid. It was originally isolated from tidal flat sediment collected from Kwangyang, South Korea during a survey for diesel-degrading bacteria. The species name refers to its ability to degrade diesel fuel. K. dieselivorans is the type species of genus Kribbia, and is currently the only species in the genus.
