Lithosia quadra

Last updated

Four-spotted footman
Lithosia quadra f.jpg
Mounted female
Lithosia quadra m.jpg
Mounted male
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Erebidae
Subfamily: Arctiinae
Genus: Lithosia
Species:
L. quadra
Binomial name
Lithosia quadra
Synonyms
  • Phalaena Noctua quadraLinnaeus, 1758
  • Phalaena Noctua flaua (flava)Müller, 1764
  • Phalaena deplanaLinnaeus, 1771
  • Lithosia quadrataWalckenaer, 1802
  • Oeonistis divesButler, 1877
  • Oeonistis insolataDannehl, 1929

Lithosia quadra, the four-spotted footman, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in southern and central Europe then east across the Palearctic to the Amur River and Japan. It is also found in the south of Great Britain and Scandinavia.

Contents

Male Lithosia quadra FvL.jpg
Male
Female Lithosia quadra (female).jpg
Female
Larva Lithosia quadra caterpillar.jpg
Larva

The wingspan is 35–55 mm. The males are smaller than the females. There is strong sexual dimorphism in the imago, the males have gray wings with a yellow wing joint and a blue-black stripe at the front of the outer rim of the forewing. The females have yellow wings with two blue-black dots. It is the biggest species of the subfamily Lithosiinae.

Technical description and variation

The male is much smaller than the female brown grey with a leaden gloss, thorax and base of wings golden yellow, costa metallic blue green at the base. The female yellow, the forewing with a black-blue spot behind the centre of the costa and above the inner margin. The Japanese form, dives Butl, is said to have darker males but the comparison of a large number of specimens proves that this difference is not constant. The European specimens vary considerably, the females with regard to the size and the males in the colouring. In exceptional cases one of the dots (ab. unipuncta Spul.) or both (ab. impunctata Spul.) may be absent in the female, or replaced by a transverse band (ab. fasciata Spul, confluens Dumont) [1]

Biology

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location. In the south of the area there is occasionally a second brood.

Larva slate grey, with thin longitudinal lines, a transverse black spot each across the back anteriorly, in the centre and behind, and subdorsally there are longitudinal rows of small reddish yellow warts. The larvae feed on lichen and algae growing on trees, especially oak, walls and stones. When the species becomes over-abundant a scarcity of food results; the larvae then attack the leaves and needles of trees, and may become injurious. Pupa black, with a porcelain gloss, stumpy and immobile.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-tail</span> Species of moth

The yellow-tail, goldtail moth or swan moth is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johann Kaspar Füssli in 1775, and has commonly been placed within the related genus Euproctis. It is distributed throughout Europe to the Urals, then east across the Palearctic to Siberia and south to India and Sri Lanka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common footman</span> Species of moth

The common footman is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johann Leopold Theodor Friedrich Zincken in 1817. It is distributed throughout Europe and east through the Palearctic to Lake Baikal.

<i>Apatura iris</i> Species of butterfly

Apatura iris, the purple emperor, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

<i>Melitaea diamina</i> Species of butterfly

Melitaea diamina, the false heath fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple-edged copper</span> Species of butterfly

The purple-edged copper is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black arches</span> Species of moth

The black arches or nun moth is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

<i>Hypena proboscidalis</i> Species of moth

Hypena proboscidalis, the snout, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

<i>Xylena exsoleta</i> Species of moth

Xylena exsoleta, the sword-grass, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae.

<i>Diaphora mendica</i> Species of moth

Diaphora mendica, the muslin moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm east to Lake Baikal.

<i>Spilosoma lubricipeda</i> Species of moth

Spilosoma lubricipeda, the white ermine, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found throughout the temperate belt of Eurasia from Europe through Kazakhstan and southern Siberia to Amur Region, China, Korea and Japan. In China several sibling species occur.

<i>Setina irrorella</i> Species of moth

Setina irrorella, the dew moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic from Ireland, then through Europe and east to northern and central Asia to the Pacific Ocean. It is missing in the high north and parts of the Mediterranean region. It is found also in the limestone Alps up to 2,000 meters above sea level.

<i>Nudaria mundana</i> Species of moth

Nudaria mundana, the muslin footman, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is found in Europe and Anatolia.

<i>Katha depressa</i> Species of moth

Katha depressa, the buff footman, is a moth of the family Erebidae found in Asia and Europe. It was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787.

<i>Wittia sororcula</i> Species of moth

Wittia sororcula, the orange footman, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is found in Europe, Anatolia and further east across the Palearctic to southern Siberia and the Amur basin to China.

<i>Eilema caniola</i> Species of moth

Eilema caniola, the hoary footman, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1808.

<i>Melitaea didyma</i> Species of butterfly

Melitaea didyma, the spotted fritillary or red-band fritillary, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

<i>Catocala electa</i> Species of moth

Catocala electa, the rosy underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Karl Friedrich Vieweg in 1790. It can be found in Europe and Asia.

<i>Dicallomera fascelina</i> Species of moth

Dicallomera fascelina, the dark tussock, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in most of Europe, through the Palearctic to Central Asia to Korea.

<i>Polyommatus dorylas</i> Species of butterfly

Polyommatus (Plebicula) dorylas, the turquoise blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Ural Mountains, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Its wingspan is 15–17 mm. The butterfly's common name comes from the dazzling bright blue colour of male's wings. The larvae feed on Anthyllis vulneraria. The butterfly flies from May to September in two generations. Habitats include flowery meadows in rocky areas at 500–2000 m.

<i>Lithophane furcifera</i> Species of moth

Lithophane furcifera, the conformist, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1766. It is found from central Europe, east to the Black Sea region, the Caucasus and western Siberia. In the mountains, it is found up to elevations of 1,800 meters.

References

  1. Seitz, A. Ed. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 2: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Spinner und Schwärmer, 1912- 1913