Lower Austria East (National Council electoral district)

Last updated

Lower Austria East
Niederösterreich Ost
Electoral District
for the National Council
Lower Austria East (National Council electoral district).svg
Location of Lower Austria East within Austria
District
State Lower Austria
Population218,152 (2024) [1]
Electorate151,346 (2019)
Area1,975 km2 (2023) [2]
Current Electoral District
Created2017
Seats4 (2017–present)
Members [3]
List
  •   Angela Baumgartner (ÖVP)
  •   Katharina Kucharowits (SPÖ)
Created from

Lower Austria East ( ‹See Tfd› German : Niederösterreich Ost), also known as Electoral District 3G ( ‹See Tfd› German : Wahlkreis 3G), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2016 from parts of Lower Austria South East and Weinviertel following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Lower Austria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2017. It consists of the districts of Bruck an der Leitha and Gänserndorf in the state of Lower Austria. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 151,346 registered electors.

Contents

History

Lower Austria East was established in 2016 from parts of Lower Austria South East and Weinviertel following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Lower Austria to reflect the new administrative district structure. [4] It consisted of the districts of Bruck an der Leitha and Gänserndorf in the state of Lower Austria. [5] The district was initially allocated four seats in February 2017. [6]

Electoral system

Lower Austria East currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. [7] [8] [9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages. [10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state). [11] [12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats). [11] [12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats). [11] [12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages. [11] [12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels. [12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated. [12] [13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels). [13]

Election results

Summary

Election Communists
KPÖ+ / KPÖ
Social Democrats
SPÖ
Greens
GRÜNE
NEOS
NEOS / LiF
People's
ÖVP
Freedom
FPÖ
Votes %SeatsVotes %SeatsVotes %SeatsVotes %SeatsVotes %SeatsVotes %Seats
2019 6300.54%027,94223.94%110,5429.03%07,5936.51%045,14138.68%122,20119.02%0
2017 6120.49%034,68428.03%12,5642.07%04,4163.57%037,68830.46%137,36030.20%1

Detailed

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019: [14] [15]

PartyVotes per districtTotal
Votes
%Seats
Bruck
an der
Leitha
Gän-
sern-
dorf
Voting
card
Austrian People's Party ÖVP20,49224,48416545,14138.68%1
Social Democratic Party of Austria SPÖ13,72814,09911527,94223.94%1
Freedom Party of Austria FPÖ10,39511,67912722,20119.02%0
The Greens GRÜNE5,6214,82110010,5429.03%0
NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum NEOS3,8373,700567,5936.51%0
JETZT JETZT1,0691,049262,1441.84%0
KPÖ Plus KPÖ+31031556300.54%0
Der Wandel WANDL26125625190.44%0
Valid Votes55,71360,403596116,712100.00%2
Rejected Votes74776171,5151.28%
Total Polled56,46061,164603118,22778.12%
Registered Electors72,90578,441151,346
Turnout77.44%77.97%78.12%

The following candidates were elected: [16] [17]

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017: [18] [19]

PartyVotes per districtTotal
Votes
%Seats
Bruck
an der
Leitha
Gän-
sern-
dorf
Voting
card
Austrian People's Party ÖVP16,86420,65117337,68830.46%1
Freedom Party of Austria FPÖ17,75919,41518637,36030.20%1
Social Democratic Party of Austria SPÖ17,64116,86118234,68428.03%1
Peter Pilz List PILZ2,4562,40034,8593.93%0
NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum NEOS2,1992,151664,4163.57%0
The Greens GRÜNE1,2831,248332,5642.07%0
My Vote Counts! GILT572562531,1870.96%0
Communist Party of Austria KPÖ33128106120.49%0
The WhitesWEIßE10189142040.16%0
Free List Austria FLÖ707541490.12%0
Valid Votes59,27663,733714123,723100.00%3
Rejected Votes58662551,2160.97%
Total Polled59,86264,358719124,93983.56%
Registered Electors72,14277,376149,518
Turnout82.98%83.18%83.56%

The following candidates were elected: [20] [21]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna Inner South (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna Inner South, also known as Electoral District 9A, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Landstraße, Margareten and Wieden in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 107,413 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna Inner West (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna Inner West, also known as Electoral District 9B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Alsergrund, Innere Stadt, Josefstadt, Mariahilf and Neubau in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 94,800 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna Inner East (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna Inner East, also known as Electoral District 9C, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Brigittenau and Leopoldstadt in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 106,083 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna South (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna South, also known as Electoral District 9D, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Favoriten, Meidling and Simmering in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 225,324 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna North West (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna North West, also known as Electoral District 9F, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Döbling, Hernals, Ottakring and Währing in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects five of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 170,992 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vienna North (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vienna North, also known as Electoral District 9G, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Donaustadt and Floridsdorf in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects seven of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 234,239 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burgenland North (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Burgenland North, also known as Electoral District 1A, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the cities of Eisenstadt and Rust and the districts of Greater Eisenstadt, Mattersburg and Neusiedl am See in the state of Burgenland. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 123,715 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burgenland South (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Burgenland South, also known as Electoral District 1B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Güssing, Jennersdorf, Oberpullendorf and Oberwart in the state of Burgenland. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 109,467 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vorarlberg South (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Vorarlberg South, also known as Electoral District 8B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Bludenz and Feldkirch in the state of Vorarlberg. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 121,470 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lungau-Pinzgau-Pongau (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Lungau-Pinzgau-Pongau, also known as Electoral District 5C, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of St. Johann im Pongau, Tamsweg and Zell am See in the state of Salzburg. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 138,659 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carinthia East (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Carinthia East, also known as Electoral District 2D, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of St. Veit an der Glan, Völkermarkt and Wolfsberg in the state of Carinthia. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 120,644 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Klagenfurt (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Klagenfurt, also known as Electoral District 2A, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Klagenfurt and the district of Klagenfurt Rural in the state of Carinthia. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 121,099 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Villach (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Villach, also known as Electoral District 2B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Villach and the district of Villach Rural in the state of Carinthia. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 95,989 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Styria (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

East Styria, also known as Electoral District 6B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 by the merger of Styria East and Styria South East following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the districts of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, South East Styria and Weiz in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 217,383 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Graz (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Greater Graz, also known as Electoral District 6A, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the city of Graz and the district of Greater Graz in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects nine of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 317,873 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Upper Styria (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Upper Styria, also known as Electoral District 6D, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 by the merger of Styria North, Styria North West and Styria West following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the districts of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag, Leoben, Liezen, Murau and Murtal in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects seven of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 271,302 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Styria (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

West Styria, also known as Electoral District 6C, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was established in 2012 following the re-organisation of the regional electoral districts in Styria to reflect the new administrative district structure and came into being at the following legislative election in 2013. It consists of the districts of Deutschlandsberg, Leibnitz and Voitsberg in the state of Styria. The electoral district currently elects five of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 159,101 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Innsbruck Rural (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Innsbruck Rural, also known as Electoral District 7B, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Innsbruck Rural and Schwaz in the state of Tyrol. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 193,217 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lowland (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Lowland, also known as Electoral District 7C, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Kitzbühel and Kufstein in the state of Tyrol. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 122,888 registered electors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lower Austria Centre (National Council electoral district)</span> Parliamentary electoral district in Austria

Lower Austria Centre, also known as Electoral District 3D, is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of St. Pölten and the districts of Lilienfeld, St. Pölten and Tulln in the state of Lower Austria. The electoral district currently elects seven of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 240,310 registered electors.

References

  1. "Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Statistics Austria . Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  2. "Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  3. "Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council . Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  4. "106. Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG), die Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992, das Bundespräsidentenwahlgesetz 1971, die Europawahlordnung, das Europa-Wählerevidenzgesetz, das Volksabstimmungsgesetz 1972, das Volksbefragungsgesetz 1989 geändert sowie das Volksbegehrengesetz 2018 und das Wählerevidenzgesetz 2018 erlassen werden (Wahlrechtsänderungsgesetz 2017)". Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 2016. Vienna, Austria. 7 December 2016. p. 24. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024 via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  5. "106. Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG), die Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992, das Bundespräsidentenwahlgesetz 1971, die Europawahlordnung, das Europa-Wählerevidenzgesetz, das Volksabstimmungsgesetz 1972, das Volksbefragungsgesetz 1989 geändert sowie das Volksbegehrengesetz 2018 und das Wählerevidenzgesetz 2018 erlassen werden (Wahlrechtsänderungsgesetz 2017)". Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 2016. Vienna, Austria. 7 December 2016. p. 28. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024 via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  6. "53. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates gemäß § 5 Abs. 3 der Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 – NRWO". Bundesgesetzblatt (in German). Vol. 2017. Vienna, Austria. 28 February 2017. p. 2. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024 via Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  7. "Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  8. "Austrian National Council 2019 General". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  9. "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  10. Müller, Wolfgang C. (15 September 2005). "Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects". In Gallagher, Michael; Mitchell, Paul (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 396–416. ISBN   9780191603280 . Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Nationalratswahlen: Überblick" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reimink, Elwin. "Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria" (PDF). Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945. Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  13. 1 2 "Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  14. "Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  15. "Nationalratswahl 2019: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Ost". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  16. "Nationalratswahl 2019: Broschüre Landeswahlvorschläge" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. pp. 21–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  17. "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council . Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  18. "Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  19. "Nationalratswahl 2017: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Ost". Bundeswahlen (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  20. "Nationalratswahl 2017: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen" (PDF) (in German). Vienna, Austria: Ministry of the Interior. pp. 26–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  21. "Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920" (in German). Vienna, Austria: National Council . Retrieved 1 October 2024.