Lupinus bicolor

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Lupinus bicolor
Lupinus bicolor 8016.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Lupinus
Species:
L. bicolor
Binomial name
Lupinus bicolor
The inflorescence is a raceme at the end of the stalk. Individual flowers are borne on 1-3.5 millimetres (0.039-0.138 in) long pedicels. The banner petal is oblong to circular, typically blue with the center white, 5-7 millimetres (0.20-0.28 in) long. Lupinus bicolor 8018.JPG
The inflorescence is a raceme at the end of the stalk. Individual flowers are borne on 1–3.5 millimetres (0.039–0.138 in) long pedicels. The banner petal is oblong to circular, typically blue with the center white, 5–7 millimetres (0.20–0.28 in) long.

Lupinus bicolor is a species of lupine known as the miniature lupine, Lindley's annual lupine, pigmy-leaved lupine, or bicolor lupine. [1]

Contents

It is a showy flowering annual or perennial plant native to western North America, from northwestern Baja California, throughout California, and north to British Columbia. It is found in diverse habitats below 3,000 feet (910 m), including: grasslands; chaparral; oak, mixed conifer and Joshua tree woodlands; coastal sage scrub; and open conifer forests. [1] It often shares habitats with other prolifically blooming spring and early summer wildflowers, including the California poppy. [2]

Description

Lupinus bicolor has a short, hairy stem and thin, palmately-arranged leaves.

The inflorescence is short for a lupine, at up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) tall. As its name suggests the flowers are usually two colors, with one often a deep blue. The other color is often white and sometimes a light purple or magenta. There are sometimes small speckles or spots on the petals.

The plant's hairy pods are quite small, only a couple of centimeters long and very thin, and they contain tiny brownish peas.

Varieties

This plant can be variable in appearance, and there are several varieties/subspecies whose relationships are as yet unclear. Varieties include: [3]

Cultivation

Lupinus bicolor is cultivated as an ornamental plant, from seed sown in native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping and habitat restoration projects. [2] [4]

The plants are of value to pollinators, including native bees and bumble bees. [2] At a local spatial scale, Lupinus bicolor was found to increase the abundance of the native Yellow-faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii) at restoration sites in Santa Barbara, CA. [5]

Related Research Articles

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Lupinus microcarpus, the wide-bannered lupine or chick lupine, is a species of lupine native to western North America from southwestern British Columbia south through Oregon and California, including the Mojave Desert, and into Baja California. There is also a disjunct population in South America, with locations in central Chile and western Argentina.

<i>Eriogonum fasciculatum</i> Species of flowering shrub

Eriogonum fasciculatum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common names California buckwheat and flat-topped buckwheat. Characterized by small, white and pink flower clusters that give off a cottony effect, this species grows variably from a patchy mat to a wide shrub, with the flowers turning a rusty color after blooming. This plant is of great benefit across its various habitats, providing an important food resource for a diversity of insect and mammal species. It also provides numerous ecosystem services for humans, including erosion control, post-fire mitigation, increases in crop yields when planted in hedgerows, and high habitat restoration value.

<i>Lupinus nanus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus nanus, the sky lupine, field lupine, dwarf lupin, ocean-blue lupine or Douglas' annual lupine, is a species of lupine native to the western United States. It is found natively in California, Nevada, and on Steens Mountain in eastern Oregon. It tends to grow on slopes and in open or disturbed areas below 1300 meters.

Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus, the Klamath lupine, sometimes also called bearded lupine, is a very rare plant of the Western U.S., known only from northeastern California and southeastern Oregon. It is a rare variety of the generally common species L. latifolius, which is a member of the bean family.

<i>Lupinus excubitus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus excubitus is a species of lupine known as the grape soda lupine. Its common name refers to its sweet scent, which is said to be very reminiscent of grape soda. This species and its variants are found in Southwestern United States, especially in California and Nevada, e.g., Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks, and northwestern Mexico.

<i>Hooveria purpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Hooveria purpurea is a species of flowering plant related to the agaves known by the common name purple amole. This species of soap plant is endemic to California, where it grows in the Santa Lucia Range, in the Central Coast region. There are two varieties of this plant, and both are believed to be quite rare. It is a federally listed threatened species.

Lupinus antoninus is a rare species of lupine known by the common name Anthony Peak lupine. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from only four occurrences in the North Coast Ranges, including near Anthony Peak.

<i>Lupinus argenteus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus argenteus is a species of lupine known by the common name silvery lupine. It is native to much of western North America from the southwestern Canadian provinces to the southwestern and midwestern United States, where it grows in several types of habitats, including sagebrush, grassland, and forests.

<i>Lupinus cervinus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus cervinus is a species of lupine known by the common name Santa Lucia lupine. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains in the Central Coast Ranges in California, where it is an uncommon member of the flora in the mountain forests. This is a hairy gray-green perennial herb growing up to 30–70 centimetres (12–28 in) tall. The erect stem is surrounded by clusters of spreading leaves. Each palmate leaf is made up of 4 to 8 leaflets up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) long and 3 centimetres (1.2 in) wide, which is wider than the leaflets of most lupines. The inflorescence bears many flowers, sometimes in whorls, each between 1 centimetre (0.39 in) and 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long. The flower is often bright pink, but may be shades of blue to nearly white. There is often a yellow patch on the banner. The fruit is a hairy legume pod up to 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long.

<i>Lupinus chamissonis</i> Species of legume

Lupinus chamissonis is a species of lupine known by the common name Chamisso bush lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from most of the length of the coastline. It grows in sand dunes and other immediate coastal habitat.

<i>Lupinus croceus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus croceus is a species of lupine known by the common names saffron-flowered lupine and Mt Eddy Lupine. It is endemic to the northernmost mountains of California, clustering in the Klamath Mountains, where it grows in generally dry, rocky habitat.

Lupinus elmeri is an uncommon species of lupine known by the common names Elmer's lupine and South Fork Mountain lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a few scattered occurrences in the northernmost slopes of the North Coast Ranges, in Trinity county.

<i>Lupinus flavoculatus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus flavoculatus is a species of lupine known by the common name yelloweyes, or yellow-eyed lupine.

<i>Lupinus hirsutissimus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus hirsutissimus is a species of lupine known by the common names stinging annual lupine or stinging lupine. It is native to the coastal mountains of Baja California and Southern California as far north as the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows on dry mountain slopes, including areas that have recently burned, and chaparral and woodlands habitats.

<i>Lupinus latifolius</i> Species of legume

Lupinus latifolius is a species of lupine known by the common name broadleaf lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California to New Mexico, where it is common and can be found in several types of habitat. There are several subtaxa, described as subspecies or varieties, some common and some rare. They vary in morphology. In general this plant is an erect perennial herb. It grows 30 centimeters to over two meters in height, in texture hairy to nearly hairless. Each palmate leaf is made up of several leaflets, those on larger plants up to 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence bears many flowers, sometimes in whorls. Each flower is one to two centimeters in length, purple to blue to white in color, the spot on its banner yellowish, pinkish, or white.

<i>Lupinus pratensis</i> Species of legume

Lupinus pratensis is a species of lupine known by the common name Inyo meadow lupine. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the central Sierra Nevada and adjacent plateau and valleys to the east. It grows in relatively moist habitat, such as streambanks and spring meadows. This is an erect perennial herb growing 30–70 centimetres (12–28 in) tall. Each palmate leaf is made up of 5 to 10 narrow leaflets sometimes exceeding 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long. The leaves are borne on long petioles which can reach 25 centimetres (9.8 in) in length. The herbage is green and coated in thin hairs. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of many flowers each around a centimeter long. The flower is dark blue or purple with a reddish or orange patch on its banner. The fruit is a hairy legume pod around 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long.

Lupinus saxosus is a species of lupine known by the common name rock lupine. It is native to eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and the northeast corner of California,where it grows in sagebrush and other habitat. It may also be native to Idaho and Nevada.

<i>Lupinus stiversii</i> Species of legume

Lupinus stiversii is a species of lupine known by the common names harlequin annual lupine and harlequin lupine. The plant was named for Army physician Dr. Charles Austin Stivers, who first collected it in 1862 near Yosemite.

<i>Pedicularis semibarbata</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis semibarbata, known by the common name pinewoods lousewort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae.

<i>Lupinus lepidus</i> Species of legume

Lupinus lepidus, the Pacific lupine, prairie lupine or dwarf lupine is a perennial herbaceous plant in the pea family (Fabaceae) native to western North America.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jepson: Lupinus bicolor
  2. 1 2 3 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, NPIN−Native Plant Information Network: Lupinus bicolor
  3. USDA: Subordinate taxa of Lupinus bicolor
  4. Las Pilitas Horticulture Database: Lupinus bicolor (Pigmy-leaved Lupine)
  5. Luong, Justin C.; Turner, Patrick L.; Phillipson, Celina N.; Seltmann, Katja C. (2019-02-12). "Local grassland restoration affects insect communities". Ecological Entomology. 44 (4): 471–479. doi:10.1111/een.12721. ISSN   0307-6946. S2CID   91394354.