| PRG2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | PRG2 , BMPG, MBP, MBP1, proteoglycan 2, bone marrow (natural killer cell activator, eosinophil granule major basic protein), proMBP, proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 605601 MGI: 103294 HomoloGene: 2044 GeneCards: PRG2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eosinophil major basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in humans by the PRG2 gene. [5]
The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. High levels of the proform of this protein are also present in placenta and pregnancy serum, where it exists as a complex with several other proteins including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), angiotensinogen (AGT), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helmintho-toxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. It is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases. [5]
PRG2 is a 117-residue protein that predominates in eosinophil granules. It is a potent enzyme against helminths and is toxic towards bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro. The eosinophil major basic protein also causes the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, and activates neutrophils and alveolar macrophages.
Structurally the major basic protein (MBP) is similar to lectins (sugar-binding proteins), and has a fold similar to that seen in C-type lectins. However, unlike other C-type lectins (those that bind various carbohydrates in the presence of calcium), MBP does not bind either calcium or any of the other carbohydrates that this family recognize.
Instead, MBP recognises heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Two crystallographic structures of MBP have been determined. [6] [7]
Major basic protein has been shown to interact with Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. [8] [9] [10]
Eosinophils, sometimes called eosinophiles or, less commonly, acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells and basophils, they also control mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma. They are granulocytes that develop during hematopoiesis in the bone marrow before migrating into blood, after which they are terminally differentiated and do not multiply. They form about 2 to 3% of white blood cells in the body.
α2-Macroglobulin (α2M), or alpha-2-macroglobulin, is a large plasma protein found in the blood. It is mainly produced by the liver, and also locally synthesized by macrophages, fibroblasts, and adrenocortical cells. In humans it is encoded by the A2M gene.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. MBP maintains the correct structure of myelin, interacting with the lipids in the myelin membrane.
P-selectin is a type-1 transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SELP gene.
Apolipoprotein C-II, or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene.
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene.
Pappalysin-1, also known as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 protease is a protein encoded by the PAPPA gene in humans. PAPPA is a secreted protease whose main substrate is insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Pappalysin-1 is also used in screening tests for Down syndrome.
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In humans, the eosinophil cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene.
Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.
Semenogelin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMG1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant protein in semen. The encoded secreted protein is involved in the formation of a gel matrix that encases ejaculated spermatozoa. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease processes this protein into smaller peptides, with each possibly having a separate function. The proteolysis process breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to move more freely. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
A-kinase anchor protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AKAP5 gene.
Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOPC gene.
Galectin-10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLC gene.
Glycoprotein V (platelet) (GP5) also known as CD42d (Cluster of Differentiation 42d), is a human gene.
Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene.
Ficolin-1, and also commonly termed M-ficolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN1 gene.
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKIA gene.
Nuclear transition protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNP2 gene.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSPG5 gene.
Pappalysin-2 also known as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 (PAPP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAPPA2 gene.
PDB gallery | |
|---|---|
|
