Maniema District | |
|---|---|
District | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 2°57′S25°57′E / 2.95°S 25.95°E | |
| Country | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Province | Orientale |
Maniema District (French : District du Maniema, Dutch : District Maniema) was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Maniema province.
Henry Morton Stanley explored the area, which he called Manyema after the Bantu people who lived there. [1] The district was created by an arrêté royal of 28 March 1912, which divided the Congo into 22 districts. [2] A 1912 map shows that the former Stanleyville District had been broken into a much smaller Stanleyville Districts and the new districts of Lowa, Ituri, Kivu and Maniema. Maniema was bordered by Sankuru District to the west, Lomami District and Tanganika-Moero District to the south, Kivu District to the east and Lowa District to the north. [3]
Maniema District became part of the Orientale Province created in 1913. [4] A map of the colony in 1926 shows that Lowa District had been merged into Maniema District, but the new Maniema district had lost territory in the east to an expanded Kivu District. With the 1933 reorganization Orientale Province was divided into Stanleyville Province in the north and Costermansville Province in the south. The boundaries of Maniema and Kivu had been adjusted, and these two districts made up Costermansville Province. [3]
On 27 May 1947, Costermansville Province was renamed Kivu Province. [5] By 1954, it consisted of the districts of Sud-Kivu, Nord-Kivu and Maniema. [6] A 1955–1957 map shows Maniema District bordered by Stanleyville District to the north, Nord-Kivu District and Sud-Kivu District to the east, Tanganika District and Kabinda District to the south and Sankuru District to the west. Compared to 1933, Maniema had lost territory in the east to the Kivus, but gained territory in the north from Nord-Kivu. [7] The area was 132,300 square kilometres (51,100 sq mi) out of a total of 259,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) for Kivu province as a whole. [8]
On 10 May 1962, the administration of Kivu Province was taken over by the central government, which created the separate provinces of Maniema and Nord-Kivu. Kivu Province was reunited on 28 December 1966. On 20 July 1988, it was divided into the provinces of Maniema, North Kivu and South Kivu. [5]
Orientale Province is one of the former provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its predecessors the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo. It went through a series of boundary changes between 1898 and 2015, when it was divided into smaller units.
Lualaba District was a district of the pre-2015 Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The district dates back to the days of the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo. The original Lualaba District was merged into Katanga in 1910, but in 1933 a new Lualaba District was formed within Katanga. After various significant boundary changes, in 2015 the district became the western part of the present Lualaba Province.
Ituri District, later Kibali-Ituri District, was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Ituri Province.
Kabinda District was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2015 it was merged with the independently administered city of Mwene-Ditu to form Lomami Province.
Équateur District was a former district of the Congo Free State, Belgian Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1914 it became part of former Équateur Province. The district went through various changes of extent and name over the years. The original district roughly corresponds to the current provinces of Équateur and Tshuapa.
Kasai District was a district of the Congo Free State, Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, named after the Kasai River. It was formed around 1885 and went through several large changes in extent in the years that followed. The 1933 version of the district roughly corresponded to the former Kasai-Occidental province and the present Kasaï and Kasaï-Central provinces.
Sankuru District was a district of the Belgian Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. It went through various changes in extent, but roughly corresponded to the modern Sankuru Province.
Bas-Uele District was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was formed from part of Uele District in 1912. Later it was merged back into Uele District, then split out again. There were various boundary changes. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Bas-Uélé province.
Kivu Province was a province in the Belgian Congo, originally called Costermansville Province, that was formed in 1933 from part of the old Orientale Province. The Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) became independent in 1960, and between 1962 and 1966 the province was temporarily broken into the provinces of Maniema, North Kivu and South Kivu. In 1988 it was again broken into these provinces.
Kivu District was a district of the Belgian Congo. It was formed from part of Stanleyville District in 1914.
The Districts of the Belgian Congo were the primary administrative divisions when Belgium annexed the Congo Free State in 1908, each administered by a district commissioner. In 1914 they were distributed among four large provinces, with some boundary changes. In 1933 the provinces were restructured into six, again with boundary changes. The number of districts fluctuated between 12 and 26 through splits and consolidations, first rising, then falling, then rising again.
Stanleyville District was a district of the Belgian Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. It went through various changes in extent. Between 1933 and 1963 it had roughly the same extent as the current Tshopo province.
Lowa District was a district of the Belgian Congo. It was formed from part of Stanleyville District in 1914, and had been absorbed by Maniema District and Kivu District by 1926.
Lomami District was a district of the Belgian Congo from 1912 to 1933, when it was dissolved. It covered very roughly the same area as the present Lomami Province and the northwest of Haut-Lomami Province.
Haut-Luapula District was a district of the Belgian Congo from 1912 to 1933, when it was dissolved. It roughly corresponded to the southern part of the present Haut-Katanga Province.
Tanganika-Moero District was a district of the Belgian Congo from 1912 to 1933, when it was dissolved. It roughly corresponded to the present Tanganyika Province and the northern part of Haut-Katanga Province.
Tanganika District was a district of the pre-2015 Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The district dates back to the days of the Belgian Congo. At its greatest extent it roughly corresponded to the present Tanganyika Province, with a small portion in the southwest now in Haut-Lomami Province.
Sud-Kivu District was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It roughly corresponded in area to the present South Kivu province.
Nord-Kivu District was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It roughly corresponded in area to the present North Kivu province.
Luapula-Moero District was a district of the pre-2015 Katanga Province in the Belgian Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Haut-Katanga Province.