Manila Railway Dagupan class

Manila Railway Dagupan class Manila Railroad A and B classes. [1]
No. 17 Urdaneta, the sole surviving example.
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Horace L. Higgins Builder Neilson & Company Dübs & Company Order number 3898-4001 (Neilson A) 2576-89, 2690-94 (Dübs B) Build date 1888-90 Total produced 30
Specifications Configuration: ​  •  Whyte 2-4-2T (Neilson A) 0-6-2T (Dübs B)  •  UIC 1B1t (Neilson A) C1t (Dübs B) Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Loco weight 32 short tons (29 t; 64,000 lb) Fuel type Wood Valve gear Stephenson
Performance figures Maximum speed 20 mph (32 km/h)
Career Operators Manila Railroad Company Franklin Baker Company Number in class 15 (Neilson A) 15 (Dübs B) Numbers 1-30 Locale Manila Northern Luzon Central Luzon Calabarzon Delivered 1888-90 First run 1892 Withdrawn 1963 Preserved 1 Scrapped 1899, 1945, 1963 Disposition No. 17 Urdaneta is preserved in Dagupan.
References: [2]

The Manila Railway Dagupan class comprised thirty side tank locomotives. ^[2] They were built for the Manila Railway Company between 1888 and 1890, and were the first true mainline locomotives in service of the Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan inter-city rail line, succeeding two of five Manila-class light-duty locomotives. One of these locomotives, No. 17 Urdaneta, survives today on static display in an open-air museum in Dagupan, Pangasinan.

Background

The proposal for the Luzon railroad system was made by Don Eduardo Lopez Navarro in 1875. The Spanish East Indies government approved the proposal in 1880. ^[3] The company then invited bids from concessionaires, and the franchising rights were won by the British-owned Manila Railway Company. To reduce costs, the railway system would be built in a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge. ^[2]

During the construction of the line, light-duty Manila class locomotives manufactured by Hunslet Engine Company were used for transporting passengers between Manila and Bulacan. However, the design was not suitable for long-distance travel. Hence, the British owners of the Manila Railway ordered several larger locomotives from Scotland, and the orders were won by two Glasgow-based manufacturers, Neilson & Company and Dübs & Company. These locomotives will be later known to the Filipino railroad historians as the Dagupan class, after the northern terminus of the line. ^[4]

Design

The Dagupan class contained two identical designs, each with a different wheel arrangement. Fifteen were built in respective subclass, distinguished from each other by their livery and smokestack.

Neilson A subclass

No. 1 Borrecon, the first numbered locomotive in the Philippines.

The earlier of the two subclass, exemplified by the No. 1 Borrecon in the accompanying picture, was built by Neilson in 1888, and was later classified by the Manila Railroad as the A subclass. It was distinguished from the later B subclass in that it featured a 2-4-2 wheel arrangement, ^[1] absence of a bell on the front and a different type of smokestack. University of the Philippines historian Leonardo Q. Liongson discovered postage stamps that indicate that these locomotives were originally painted black, with the side tanks colored either metallic silver or white, and with an azure lining. ^[5]

Dübs B subclass

The second design, represented by the only surviving unit Urdaneta, was built by Dübs and delivered to the Manila Railway in 1890, and was later classified by the Manila Railroad as the B subclass. These locomotives had a more complicated design compared to their earlier Neilson counterparts. They featured a 0-6-2 wheel arrangement, ^[1] a bell and one of the boilers had a whistle attached to the sandbox. The smokestack was also larger than the previous type and had a different spark arrestor and a narrower exhaust from the smokebox. Some designs, such as the one used on the Stotsenburg Unlimited, featured a simple smokestack design without a spark arrestor. ^[6]

During their service with the Manila Railroad, the nameplates of the named locomotives, such as Urdaneta, were removed and replaced by the monogram of the Manila Railroad Company. To distinguish it from the A subclass, these locomotives were fully painted black except for a red-colored lining near the couplers. ^[7]

Service

The Neilson A subclass started trial runs on the North Main Line (previously known as Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan) by c. 1888, while the B subclass entering service by 1890. Each opened section was also available for trains to use. ^[2] During the Philippine–American War, these locomotives were utilized to pull trains that transported United States Army troops towards Central and Northern Luzon, in pursuit of the leaders of the Philippine Revolution, including Emilio Aguinaldo. ^[8] One such train was destroyed near Angeles City, with the locomotive being partially damaged; its status after the war is unknown. ^[9]

At the start of the American colonial period, the Dagupan class were used on express train services such as the Stotsenburg Unlimited, plying the Manila to Fort Stotsenburg route in Pampanga. ^[6] In the 1900s, they became the primary locomotives on the network and carried both passengers and freight. ^{[10] [11]} According to the Railway Gazette, they carried both first-class cars with proper windows and seats, and third-class cars, which were just boxcars that were supposedly used for freight trains. ^[12]

Retirement

The Dagupan class became outdated for flagship services by the 1910s and the 1920s, due to the arrival of larger tender locomotives from British and later American manufacturers. Consequently, they were assigned to switching duties along with the 70 class, which featured the same wheel configuration as the B subclass. ^[13] Horace L. Higgins, the Manila Railroad engineer and general manager, stated that the Manila Railway concession desired more substantial locomotives weighing between 40 and 45 short tons (36 and 41 t; 80,000 and 90,000 lb) and held the Spanish government accountable for cost overruns. ^[2]

The Manila Railroad repainted some locomotives black to signify their service, as they were still in use on switching and short-line duties. No. 17 Urdaneta was one such locomotive. According to F. Unson, the mechanical superintendent of the Manila Railroad, three locomotives were still in service as of 1947, almost 60 years after they were first put into service. ^[14] They were decommissioned alongside other steam locomotives beginning on August 15, 1956, as the Manila Railroad transitioned to dieselization. ^[15]

Preservation

After its retirement in 1956, No. 17 Urdaneta was given to the Franklin Baker Company at their plant in San Pablo, Laguna. It served as a switcher there until the lines were removed sometime after 1959. ^[16] The locomotive was then returned to the ownership of the Philippine National Railways. Initially, it was displayed in front of Tutuban station in Manila, but was later transferred to Dagupan in 2005. The other two surviving units were scrapped by 1963. ^[17]

Accidents

On June 23, 1937, No. 3 was involved in a fatal accident at a level crossing in Binakayan, Cavite. The locomotive was hauling a works train when it collided with United States Navy Mail Truck No. 1530. The protective barriers on the level crossing had been removed months earlier after its decommissioning, which led to the accident. At the time of reporting, two people had died, and two others were in critical condition. ^[18]

References

1. Unson, P. (1947). MANILA RAILROAD CO. MECH. DEPT. DIAGRAMS LOCOS, COACHES, MOTOR CARS 1947. Outlines and Particulars (Report). Manila Railroad Company Mechanical Department. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
2. Sartre, Gary. "The Cagayan Valley Railway Extension Project". Japan Railway & Transport Review . No. 22.{{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
3. Peris Torner, Juan (November 13, 2018). "Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan – Plan General de Ferrocarriles de la Isla de Luzón – Filipinas". Ferrocarriles de España (in Spanish). Retrieved October 21, 2020.
4. Corpuz, Arturo (May 1989). Railroads and regional development in the Philippines: Views from the colonial iron horse, 1875–1935 (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
5. Liongson, Leonardo. "Daang Bakal Trains Vargas 2003" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
6. "[Manila] North Line". Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
7. Liongson, Leonardo. "Tranvia Train 2006" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
8. Lane, George (February 22, 2016). "Manila Railroad in US Hands 1899" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
9. Lane, George (February 22, 2016). "Train wrecked by insurgents near Angeles" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
10. Lane, George (November 20, 2015). "Locomotive of the Manila-Dagupan RR ca 1900" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
11. Lane, George (November 20, 2015). "Freight yard of the M&D RR in Manila ca. 1900" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
12. "Rolling stock of the Manila Railroad Co. 1904". Railroad Gazette. Vol. 45. 1904.
13. Lane, George (November 18, 2015). "A flooded section at Alabang–Sucat c. 1920" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
14. Unson, F. (1947). "MANILA RAILROAD CO. MECH. DEPT. DIAGRAMS LOCOS, COACHES, MOTOR CARS". Outlines and Particulars. Manila Railroad Company.
15. "The Passing of the Steam Engine". This Week. August 12, 1956. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
16. MRR/PNR Dübs SL No. 17 used as shunter for the Franklin Baker Company in San Pablo, Laguna taken in 1959. 1959. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
17. Kautzor, Thomas (May 23, 2013). "Today's Railways and Preserved Steam in the Philippines" . Retrieved October 22, 2020.
18. "Two die as train hits Navy mail truck in Cavite". The Tribute. June 23, 1937. Retrieved January 21, 2023.