Manila Railway 100 class

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Manila Railway 100 class
North British Locomotive Company Glasgow (NBL) L179, Manila Railway 101.jpg
Works photograph of Manila Railway No. 101
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerHorace L. Higgins
Builder North British Locomotive Company
Serial number17410-414
Build date1906
Total produced5
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 •  Whyte 4-4-2
 •  UIC 2'B1n2
Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Driver dia.60 in (1,500 mm)
Wheelbase 13.27 m (43 ft 6 in) ​
 • Engine6.45 m (21 ft 2 in)
 • Drivers3.66 m (12 ft 0 in)
Adhesive weight 47,712 lb (21.300 long tons; 21,642 kg)
Loco weight91,392 lb (40.800 long tons; 41,455 kg)
Tender weight71,680 lb (32.00 long tons; 32,510 kg)
Total weight163,072 lb (72.800 long tons; 73,968 kg)
Fuel typeCoal
Water cap.3,000 US gal (11,000 L)
Firebox:​
 • Type
 • Grate area16.5 sq ft (1.53 m2)
Boiler:
​
 • Type Fire-tube boiler
Boiler pressure180 psi (1,200 kPa)
Heating surface:​
 • Firebox107 sq ft (9.9 m2)
 • Total surface
Valve gear Walschaerts
Performance figures
Tractive effort 15,667 lbf (69.69 kN)
Career
Operators Manila Railway
Manila Railroad
Number in class5
Numbers101-105
Locale Metro Manila
Central Luzon
Ilocos Region
Delivered1906
First run1909
Last run1949
Preserved0
Scrappedc. 1950
DispositionAll scrapped
References: [1] [2]

The Manila Railway 100 class [2] of 1906 was a class of five 4-4-2 Atlantic type steam locomotives built by the North British Locomotive Company for the Manila Railway Company, a predecessor of the Philippine National Railways. They were the flagship locomotives of the Manila Railway from the late 1900s to the 1910s and were the first class of tender locomotives to operate in the Philippines. They hauled the Baguio Special, an express service between Manila and Baguio via Damortis station in Rosario, La Union. [3]

Contents

The locomotives were relegated to freight services in the 1920s, hauling sugarcane trains in Central Luzon until they were withdrawn and scrapped after 1948. [4]

Background

In the early years of its operation, Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan (now the North Main Line) of the Manila Railway Company was solely operated by tank locomotives that used wood fuel instead of coal. Horace L. Higgins, a British engineer who was the head of the Manila Railway at the time, ordered the modernization of its entire fleet. This would include the acquisition of bigger locomotives of the 40–45 t (88,000–99,000 lb) range and the purchase of heavier tracks. [5]

During this period, Neilson and Company and Dübs and Company, manufacturers of the preceding Dagupan class locomotives, amalgamated with Sharp, Stewart and Company to form the North British Locomotive Company. [6] The newly formed company was then approached by the Manila Railway to build what would become the 100 class of locomotives, as well as a series of tank locomotives of the 70 class. [7]

Design

Having entered service in 1906, the 100 class was the first tender locomotive class in the Philippines. They utilised the 4-4-2 Atlantic wheel arrangement, which was popular among the railways in Britain through the first decade of the twentieth century, especially for express passenger train service.

They were built with the intention of meeting the expectations of Higgins, especially for their weight. [5] Weighing 41 metric tons (40 long tons) for the locomotive alone, they were 28 percent heavier than their predecessors, which weighed 32 metric tons (31 long tons). Along with their four-axle tender, they had a total weight of 73 metric tons (72 long tons). [1]

One of the most notable features of these locomotives was the use of a tender cab. This feature would later influence the design of the 2-8-0 Consolidation type 130 class of 1912 [8] and the first batch of the 4-6-0 Ten-wheeler type Manila Railroad 45 class of 1919. [9] Another notable feature was the Americanized tender design, which had bogies instead of three rigid axles as used in most British tender locomotives of that era.

Service

A Manila Railway bond of 1907 showing the 100 class Manila Railway Company 1907.jpg
A Manila Railway bond of 1907 showing the 100 class

Upon their introduction, the 100 class locomotives were promoted as the flagship of the Manila Railway, and, as later stated by The Locomotive Magazine, had a brief heyday serving as the premier express passenger locomotives. [1] They appeared on various advertisements for the Baguio Special, a mixed train-bus service that operated between Manila and Baguio via Damortis station in Rosario, La Union. This particular service was considered as the company's premier offering on the North Main Line, transporting tourists between the two cities in nine hours with an average speed of 30 kilometers per hour (19 mph). [10] The class was also featured on the header of the Manila Railway's bond documents.

Retirement

By 1916, the Insular Government acquired the Manila Railway and merged it with the New Jersey–based Manila Railroad Company. Henry Bayard McCoy, a United States Army colonel [11] and a member of the Republican National Committee for the Philippines, [12] replaced Higgins as the general manager.

Under the new administration, the company began the acquisition of more powerful locomotives from the United States. These newer locomotives began entering service by 1919 and largely replaced the ageing British locomotives in mainline service for the next few decades. [13] The Baguio Special [14] and the freshly inaugurated Bicol Express between Manila and Quezon province were then hauled by the newly acquired 45 class. [15] Since 1922, the 100 and 120 classes were relegated to pull sugarcane trains. [4]

The 100 class was last recorded in 1947 when F. Unson, the superintendent of the Manila Railroad Mechanical Department at the time, reported that at least one class member was still operational. [16]

In 1949, ten Manila Railroad 100 class locomotives with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement, built by the Vulcan Iron Works of Pennsylvania, were put into service to replace seven of the 170 class locomotives, also with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement, that were destroyed during World War II. These locomotives ran successfully on both passenger and freight services on the North Main Line, rendering the original 100 class Atlantics obsolete and prompting their retirement. [17] Sometime after, the Manila Railroad ordered the surviving units to be scrapped.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">0-4-0</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-0 represents one of the simplest possible types, that with two axles and four coupled wheels, all of which are driven. The wheels on the earliest four-coupled locomotives were connected by a single gear wheel, but from 1825 the wheels were usually connected with coupling rods to form a single driven set.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">0-6-0</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H.K. Porter, Inc.</span> American industrial equipment manufacturer

H.K. Porter, Inc. (Porter) manufactured light-duty railroad locomotives in the US, starting in 1866. The company became the largest producer of industrial locomotives, and built almost eight thousand of them. The last locomotive was built in 1950, but the company continues to produce industrial equipment to this day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-8-2</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and two trailing wheels on one axle, usually in a trailing truck. This configuration of steam locomotive is most often referred to as a Mikado, frequently shortened to Mike.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-8-0</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, usually in a leading truck or bogie, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. In North America and in some other countries the type was usually known as the Twelve-wheeler.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">0-6-2</span> Locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-6-0+0-6-2</span> Garratt locomotive wheel arrangement

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-6-0+0-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of an articulated locomotive with two separate swivelling engine units, arranged back to back with the boiler and cab suspended between them. Each engine unit has two leading wheels in a leading truck, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railroad 300 class</span>

The Manila Railroad 300 class of 1914 were cog locomotives used for the Antipolo line and the Aringay–Baguio branch of the PNR North Main Line. These were also known in the railroad's mechanical department as the R class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railroad 45 class</span>

The Manila Railroad 45 class of 1919 were twenty-one 4-6-0Ten-wheeler steam locomotives. Twenty locomotives were built by American light duty locomotive manufacturer H.K. Porter, Inc. between 1919 and 1921 for the Manila Railroad Company (MRR). The so-called Porters were the most successful steam locomotive class in Philippine service. They carried express trains for passengers as well as short-range maintenance trains for 70 years and served both the MRR and its successor, the Philippine National Railways. However, like all tender engines from the Manila Railroad era, the last locomotive was scrapped in the 1990s without a single unit preserved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railroad 200 class</span>

The Manila Railroad 200 class were 2-10-2 Santa Fe steam locomotives operated by the Manila Railroad Company (MRR), predecessor of the Philippine National Railways. They were built alongside the 4-8-2 Mountain-type 170 class by the American Locomotive Company at its Brooks facility between 1921 and 1922. During its service at the MRR, it carried heavy freight trains on the South Main Line between Manila and the Bicol Region.

Manila Railway <i>Dagupan</i> class Railway Class

The Manila Railway Dagupan class comprised thirty side tank locomotives. They were built for the Manila Railway Company between 1888 and 1890, and were the first true mainline locomotives in service of the Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan inter-city rail line, succeeding two of five Manila-class light-duty locomotives. One of these locomotives, No. 17 Urdaneta, survives today on static display in an open-air museum in Dagupan, Pangasinan.

The Manila Railroad 160 class[a] of 1914 was a class of four 2-6-0+0-6-2 Double Mogul-type Kitson-Meyer locomotives. This particular class was the only type of articulated locomotive used by both the Manila Railway/Railroad Company, which were the predecessors to the Philippine National Railways. The class was introduced in 1914 and was originally intended for mixed traffic services on the Antipolo line. After that line's closure in 1917, the locomotives were transferred to the South Main Line to serve in Lucena, Quezon, and Pagsanjan, Laguna. All were withdrawn in 1925, shortly after the arrival of their replacements such as the Manila Railroad 200 class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railroad 170 class</span> Philippine steam locomotive class from 1922

The Manila Railroad 170 class were ten 4-8-2 Mountain steam locomotives operated by the Manila Railroad Company (MRR), predecessor of the Philippine National Railways. They were built alongside the 2-10-2 Santa Fe-type Manila Railroad 200 class by the American Locomotive Company at its Brooks facility between 1921 and 1922. During its service at the MRR, it carried passenger trains on the South Main Line between Manila and the Bicol Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PNR North Main Line</span> Rail service between the NCR and Central Luzon, Philippines

The PNR North Main Line is one of the two trunk lines of the Philippine National Railways in the island of Luzon, the other being the PNR South Main Line. The line during its maximum extent led to various cities and municipalities in Central Luzon and the Ilocos Region.

Manila Railroad 800 class <i>USA</i> Locomotives of the Manila Railroad Company

The Manila Railroad 800 class USA were 45 United States Army Transportation Corps class S118 steam locomotives used by the Manila Railroad Company and the Philippine National Railways. Originally built by Vulcan Iron Works and the American Locomotive Works for the United States Army during the Second Philippines Campaign, they were later used to pull freight trains and temporary passenger trains. After the dieselization of the Manila Railroad network in the mid-1950s, they were relegated to work trains until the last unit was scrapped after appearing in a 1989 World War II movie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railway 70 class</span>

The Manila Railway 70 class of 1908 was a class of at least twenty-two 0-6-2 side and well-tank locomotives built by the North British Locomotive Company. These locomotives were first put into service on a mainline during the late 1900s and early 1910s by the Manila Railway Company. Their primary purpose was to support the growing network and replace the aging Dagupan class engines. They were used on all the lines of the Manila Railway and its succeeding incarnation, the Manila Railroad. Over time, some locomotives were either scrapped or given to sugarcane plantations after being withdrawn. The last unit, No. 79, remained in service with the Pampanga Sugar Development Company as late as 1989.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manila Railroad Company</span> Historical rail transport operator

The Manila Railroad Company (MRR) was a Filipino state-owned enterprise responsible for the management and operation of rail transport in the island of Luzon. It was originally established by an Englishman named Edmund Sykes as the private Manila Railway Co., Ltd. on June 1, 1887. British engineer Horace L. Higgins was then assigned at the helm in Manila as its first general manager. On July 7, 1906, a separate private entity named the Manila Railroad Company of New Jersey was established. The two companies continued to own the Luzon railroad network until February 4, 1916 when the Insular Government acquired both companies and absorbed them into the new Manila Railroad.

The Manila Railway 37 class, later classified as the Manila Railroad D class, were eight 4-6-0 Ten-wheeler steam locomotives built by Kerr, Stuart and Company.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Llanso, Steve. "Manila Railroad 4-4-2 Locomotives in [the] Philippines". SteamLocomotive.com. Sweat House Media. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  2. 1 2 "New Locomotives, Manila Railway". The Locomotive Magazine. Vol. XIV. May 15, 1909.
  3. ↑ "Baguio Special at Manila Station ca 1911". Far Eastern Review. 1912. Retrieved January 14, 2021.(registration required)
  4. 1 2 "Manila RR Sugar Cane train - 1922". Flickr . December 31, 1922. Retrieved January 20, 2021.(registration required)
  5. 1 2 Sartre, Gary. "The Cagayan Valley Railway Extension Project". Japan Railway & Transport Review. No. 22 – via East Japan Railway Culture Foundation.
  6. ↑ "North British Locomotive Co". Grace's Guide to British Industrial Heritage.
  7. ↑ Llanso, Steve. "Manila Railroad 0-6-2 Locomotives in [the] Philippines". SteamLocomotive.com. Sweat House Media. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  8. ↑ Moreno Jerez, Luis (1917). "The Nationalization of the Philippine Railroads". The Philippine Review. p. 259. Retrieved January 19, 2021.(registration required)
  9. ↑ "Manila RR 4-6-0 (Porter) Locomotive - 1922". Flickr . 19 November 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2021.(registration required)
  10. ↑ "Ad for the Manila Railroad Co. - 1912". Far Eastern Review. September 1912. Retrieved January 19, 2021.(registration required)
  11. ↑ "USN 900555 Colonel Henry Bayard McCoy Memorial". Naval History and Heritage Command. United States Navy . Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  12. ↑ "McCoy". Library of Congress . June 1, 1916. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  13. ↑ Wright, Roy (1922). Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice, Sixth Edition. New York City: Simmons-Boardman.
  14. ↑ "Manila Railroad Co. service from Manila to Baguio". Flickr . 18 November 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2021.(registration required)
  15. ↑ "Bicol Express leaving Paco Station, Manila ca 1920". Flickr . 18 November 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2021.(registration required)
  16. ↑ Unson, F. (1947). "Manila Railroad Co. Mech. Dept. Diagrams Locos, Coaches, Motor Cars". Outlines and Particulars. Manila Railroad Company Mechanical Department.
  17. ↑ Bayan, Sergio (1949). "1949 Report of the General Manager". Reports of the General Manager, Manila Railroad Company. 31.
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