Mario Choque

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Choqueand the second or maternal family name is Gutiérrez .

• Economist
• politician

Mario Choque
Official portrait, 2012
Senator for Oruro
In office 19 January 2010 –18 January 2015

Mario Choque Gutiérrez (born 18 July 1954) is a Bolivian economist and politician who served as senator for Oruro from 2010 to 2015.

Choque studied economics at the Technical University of Oruro and developed a years-long career as a minor official in the Vinto Metallurgical Enterprise. Choque worked from 1979 until the state company's privatization in 2000, remained involved in mining operations for a short time thereafter, then branched out into consulting. He lent his services to various organizations throughout the 2000s, including the Oruro Telecommunications Cooperative and the Inter-American Development Bank.

Alongside his career work, Choque was also active as a community organizer. He served as president of the Poopó Vigilance Committee from 1999 to 2003, also holding positions at the regional and national level, and chaired the Juan de la Salle Neighborhood Council in the city of Oruro from 2007 to 2010. Sympathetic toward left-wing causes, Choque joined the Movement for Socialism in 2002 and was elected senator for the party in 2009. After just one term centered on economic policy, he was not nominated for reelection.

Early life and career

Early life and education

Mario Choque was born on 18 July 1954 in Totoral  [ es ], ^[2] a mining settlement situated in the Pazña Municipality of eastern Oruro's Poopó Province. ^[3] The second in a family of siblings, his father made a living as a mineworker and later merchant, while his mother was a homemaker who operated a small store. ^[4] He completed his secondary studies in the city of Oruro, at the Aniceto Arce National School, and fulfilled his term of mandatory military service in Guaqui, La Paz, as part of the 5th Lanza Cavalry Regiment. ^[5]

Following his discharge, Choque returned to Oruro to pursue higher education. ^[6] He attended the Technical University of Oruro, graduating with degrees in economics and statistics from the institute's Faculty of Economic, Financial, and Administrative Sciences –where he also worked as an aide. ^[5] Choque was later brought on as a docent at the university's School of Business Administration, where he taught lectures on microeconomics for some time. ^[7]

Career and community organizing

Concurrent with his academic activities, Choque also pursued a career in the mining sector. He held low- to mid-level positions within the Vinto Metallurgical Enterprise from 1979 on, remaining employed at the state company for over two decades until his dismissal in 2000 following the mine's privatization. ^[8] During this time, Choque also did work in consulting, lending his services to the German firm Berzelius on projects to revitalize the Vinto mine's internal operations. ^[7]

Following the mine's closure, Choque remained briefly involved in other mining operations: he served as an administrator at the Huanuni Mining Company and held posts within the Bolivian Mining Corporation  [ es ]. ^[4] From there, Choque diversified his portfolio; alongside his employment at the Oruro branch of the National Agricultural Health and Food Safety Service, ^[9] he continued to consult for the Oruro Telecommunications Cooperative from 1996 to 2007 and the Inter-American Development Bank from 2002 to 2006 –for the latter, he also served as the organization's regional supervisor in Oruro. ^[10]

Outside career work, Choque also gained distinction as a community organizer. He became especially involved in areas of community engagement established by Bolivia's Popular Participation Law, particularly as a member of various vigilance committees –bodies composed of civil society organizations put in place to foster lines of communication with local governments and grant the populace a greater degree of social control over their municipal authorities. ^[11] As head of his sector's OTB, ^{[lower-greek 2]} Choque held membership in and served as president of the vigilance committee in Poopó Municipality from 1999 to 2003. The position allowed his ascent to the departmental association of vigilance committees, which he chaired in 2001, and later the national association, where he held a seat on the directorate from 2001 to 2003. ^[14] In the ensuing years, Choque also presided over the Juan de la Salle Neighborhood Council in the city of Oruro from 2007 to 2010 and served as secretary of finance for the regional capital's fifth district. ^[10]

Chamber of Senators

Election

Further information: 2009 Bolivian general election

Choque's left-wing ideological sympathies date to his university days, bolstered by his subsequent opposition to the state-led process of privatization that ended his years-long mining career. He first joined the fledgling Movement for Socialism (MAS) in 2002, the only party of which he was ever a member. ^[15] He remained affiliated with the MAS through its rise to government and into 2009 when he won a seat in the Senate representing the party in Oruro. As the lowest-ranked candidate on the MAS's senatorial slate, Choque's election benefitted from a change in the Bolivian electoral system, ^{[16] [lower-greek 3]} coupled with his party's near-clean sweep of Oruro's parliamentary delegation that cycle. ^[17]

Tenure

Choque's low-profile Senate tenure centered largely on economic policy, as a member and later chair of the upper chamber's Finance Commission. ^[§] Topics of budget, ^[18] tax policy, ^[19] and the allocation of economic resources toward infrastructure and rural development projects ^[20]  –with a special emphasis on eradicating extreme poverty in Oruro's least-developed regions –occupied Choque's agenda during his first years in office. ^[21] The second half of his term also saw him designated as a representative to the Andean Parliament, where he served as vice president for Bolivia from 2014 to 2015. ^[22] At the end of his term in 2014, Choque was not listed for reelection, ^[23] even as the MAS once again won nearly every seat in Oruro's delegation. ^[24]

Commission assignments

• Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission (President: 2011–2013) ^[25]
  • Planning, Budget, Public Investment, and Comptroller's Office Committee (Secretary: 2010–2011) ^[26]
• Social Policy, Education, and Health Commission
  • Housing, Employment Law, Occupational Safety, and Social Welfare Committee (Secretary: 2013–2015) ^[27]

Electoral history

Electoral history of Mario Choque

Year	Office	Party		Votes			Result	Ref.
				Total	%	P.
2009	Senator		Movement for Socialism	178,363	79.46%	1st	Won	[28] [lower-greek 4]
Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas

References

Notes

1. Died in office. ^[1]
2. Spanish: Organización Territorial de Base; lit. 'Grassroots Organization'. OTBs were constituted from organized groups of indigenous peoples, campesino communities, or neighborhood councils, and operated as the means for these to gain state recognition as juridicial entities. ^[12] OTBs within each canton of a municipality constituted the membership of that region's vigilance committee. ^[13]
3. Aside from a general increase in the number of senators per department  –from three to four –the system of apportioning seats was also changed from one of top-two majoritarian representation to one of proportional representation, making it possible for one party to win all four Senate seats in any given region. ^[16]
4. Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.

Footnotes

1. La Patria 2011a, p. 4.
2. Nuevo Estado 2013, p. 19; Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 461; Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 160.
3. Educa 2015.
4. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 461.
5. Nuevo Estado 2013, p. 19.
6. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 160.
7. El Cóndor 2014, p. 1.
8. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 461; Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 160.
9. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 461; El Cóndor 2014, p. 1.
10. Nuevo Estado 2013, p. 19; Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 160.
11. Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 121, 160.
12. Participación Popular 1994, pp. 2–6.
13. Participación Popular 1994, p. 15.
14. Nuevo Estado 2013, p. 19; Gonzales Salas 2013, pp. 461–462; Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 160.
15. Gonzales Salas 2013, p. 462.
16. Romero Ballivián 2018, pp. 160–161.
17. La Patria 2009, p. 1.
18. La Patria 2010a, p. 5.
19. La Patria 2011b, p. 4.
20. La Patria 2011c, p. 5.
21. La Patria 2010b, p. 5.
22. La Patria 2014a, p. 4.
23. La Patria 2014b, p. 5.
24. La Patria 2014c, p. 3.
25. Prensa Senado 2011; Prensa Senado 2012.
26. Prensa Senado 2010.
27. Prensa Senado 2013; Prensa Senado 2014.
28. Atlas Electoral 2009.

Works cited

Online and list sources

• "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2010–2011". El Diario (in Spanish). La Paz. 2 February 2010. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
• "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2011–2012". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
• "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2012–2013". senado.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Senators. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
• "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2013–2014". senado.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Senators. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 20 November 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
• "Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2014–2015". senado.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Chamber of Senators. 27 January 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
• "Elecciones Generales 2009 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
• "Pazña – Municipio de Poopó". educa.com.bo (in Spanish). 23 December 2015. Archived from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

Digital and print publications

• "Candidatos a diputados y senadores por Oruro" [Candidates for Chamber of Deputies and Senate in Oruro]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 16 July 2014. p. 5. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
• "Gobierno prevé erradicar extrema pobreza en 22 municipios del Departamento de Oruro" [Government Looks to Eradicate Extreme Poverty in 22 Municipalities in the Oruro Department]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 12 September 2010. p. 5. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
• "MAS logra diputado en la C-33 y fortifica representación en brigada parlamentaria" [MAS Wins Deputy in C-33, Strengthening Representation in Parliamentary Delegation]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 9 December 2009. p. 1. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
• "MAS tendrá supremacía en la brigada parlamentaria" [MAS to Hold Supremacy in the Parliamentary Delegation]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 20 December 2014. p. 3. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
• "Orureño es vicepresidente del Parlamento Andino" [Orureño Elected Vice President of the Andean Parliament]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 8 June 2014. p. 4. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
• "Presupuesto General del Estado fue aprobado como no sucedía hace años" [New General State Budget Approved for First Time in Years]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 27 November 2010. p. 5. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
• "¿Qué son las Organizaciones Territoriales de Base (OTBs)?" [What Are Grassroots Organizations (OTBs)?] (in Spanish). La Paz: Secretaría Nacional de Participación Popular. 1994.
• "Representando a mas de 120 millones de personas: Conozca nuestros Parlamentarios Andinos" [Representing More than 120 Million People: Meet Our Andean Parliamentarians]. El Cóndor (in Spanish). Bogotá. 2014. p. 1 – via the Internet Archive.
• "Senadora Nelly Ancasi perdió la vida en infausto accidente de tránsito" [Senator Nelly Ancasi Killed in Unfortunate Traffic Accident]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 15 August 2011. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
• "Senadoras y senadores del Estado Plurinacional: Mario Choque Gutiérrez" [Senators of the Plurinational State: Mario Choque Gutiérrez]. Nuevo Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 2, no. 7. La Paz. 2013. p. 19 – via the Internet Archive.
• "Senadores abordan proyecto de ley de clasificación de impuestos" [Senate Addresses Tax Classification Bill]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 9 June 2011. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
• "Senadores aprueban ley para financiar los proyectos viales entre Oruro y Potosí" [Senate Approves Law to Finance Road Projects Between Oruro and Potosí]. La Patria (in Spanish). Oruro. 13 July 2011. p. 5. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.

Books and encyclopedias

• Gonzales Salas, Inés, ed. (2013). Biografías: Historias de vida en la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional (in Spanish). Editorial Gente Común; ERBOL; Fundación Friedrich Ebert; IDEA Internacional. pp. 461–463. ISBN   978-99954-93-05-9. OCLC   876429743 – via the Internet Archive.
• Romero Ballivián, Salvador (2018). Quiroga Velasco, Camilo (ed.). Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). La Paz: Fundación de Apoyo al Parlamento y la Participación Ciudadana; Fundación Konrad Adenauer. pp. 160–161. ISBN   978-99974-0-021-5. OCLC   1050945993 – via the Internet Archive.

External links

• Parliamentary profile Office of the Vice President (in Spanish).
• Senate profile Chamber of Senators (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 July 2014.
• Biographic profile ERBOL (in Spanish).

Senate of Bolivia
Seat established	Senator for Oruro 2010–2015 Served alongside: Sandra Soriano  [ es ], Andrés Villca  [ es ], Roxana Camargo  [ es ]	Succeeded by Plácida Espinoza