Araucaria angustifolia, the Paraná pine, Brazilian pine or candelabra tree, is a critically endangered species in the conifer genus Araucaria. Although the common names in various languages refer to the species as a "pine", it does not belong in the genus Pinus.
The black-faced lion tamarin or Superagüi lion tamarin is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae. It is endangered and endemic to coastal forests in southeastern Brazil. There are several conservation projects and the total populations is unlikely to exceed 400 individuals. It is overall golden-orange with contrasting black head, legs and tail.
The Brazilian slender opossum is an opossum species from South America. It is found in moist montane forest in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil, including the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná. Its breeding may be fully semelparous, which is unusual for a mammal.
Euryoryzomys russatus, also known as the russet oryzomys, russet rice rat, or big-headed rice rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a member of the genus Euryoryzomys, which was split off from Oryzomys in 2006. It was first described by Johann Andreas Wagner in 1848. It is found in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. It is considered a large species in its genus, with a reddish-brown coat, long tail length, and large skull. It is a terrestrial rodent, spending its time foraging for seeds, fruits, and insects. It is listed by the IUCN as least concern, although studies have shown it to be influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. Predators consist of small members of the order Carnivora.
Physalaemus maculiventris is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Southeast and South Brazil and is known primarily from the Serra do Mar in Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo state, Paraná, and Santa Catarina states. Common name Mantagnes dwarf frog has been proposed for it.
The marsh antwren, also known as the Paraná antwren, is an insectivorous bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to marshes and swamps in the Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina.
The small red brocket is a small species of deer in the family Cervidae. It is endemic to Atlantic Forest in Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. This species, which only was scientifically described in 1996, is threatened by habitat loss. Though its size and structure most resemble that of the pygmy brocket, its coloration is very similar to that of the red brocket. It resembles hybrids between these two species even more closely, but differs from both, and their hybrids, in karyotype.
Aylacostoma is a genus of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Hemisinidae. They are found in South and Central America. As a consequence of the Yacyretá Dam, two species are entirely extinct and another is extinct in the wild.
Mirinaba curytibana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
Megalobulimus cardosoi is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species was endemic to Brazil.
Megalobulimus is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Megalobuliminae within the family Strophocheilidae.
Megalobulimus fragilior is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
Megalobulimus grandis, also known as the Brazilian land snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
Megalobulimus lopesi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
Megalobulimus proclivis is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.
Liotyphlops ternetzii beui is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Anomalepididae. The species is native to northeastern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and central-western, southeastern, and southern Brazil; the Reptile Database restricts its range to Brazil. It is locally common in Brazil. It is sometimes known as the pale-headed blindsnake.
Megalobulimus paranaguensis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. They are native to South America and are known for being large and having a long lifespan. The survival rate of males is 96.7% and similarly high for other members of the species. Their eggs most often hatch in August and September and take around 51 days to hatch.
Mirinaba jaussaudi is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil, found in states of Paraná and São Paulo.
Megalobulimus gummatus is a species of snail in the family Strophocheilidae found in Brazil.
