Melanophora roralis

Melanophora roralis
female
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Calliphoridae
Subfamily:	Rhinophorinae
Tribe:	Phytonini
Genus:	Melanophora
Species:	M. roralis
Binomial name
Melanophora roralis (Linnaeus, 1758) [1]
Synonyms
Illigeria atra Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Illigeria brasiliensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 [3] Illigeria minor Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Melanophora americana Macquart, 1844 [4] Melanophora appendiculata Macquart, 1855 [5] Melanophora atra Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Melanophora distincta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Melanophora festiva Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Melanophora nigerrima Macquart, 1834 [6] Melanophora nitidiventris Curran, 1928 [7] Melanophora stygia Harris, 1835 [8] Melanophora violacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [2] Musca atra Devillers, 1789 [9] Musca grossificationis Linnaeus, 1758 [1] Musca interventum Harris, 1780 [10] Musca roralis Linnaeus, 1758 [1] Tachina interlapsa Walker, 1853 [11] Tachina plumigera Wiedemann, 1830 [12]

Melanophora roralis is a species of woodlouse fly in the family Calliphoridae. ^{[13] [14]}

Description

M. roralis is 3–5.5 millimetres (0.12–0.22 in) long, black in colour with hairy antennae and a shiny thorax.

Distribution

It was introduced to North America from Europe ^[15] and can be found from Southern Ontario ^[16] to Chile and Argentina. ^[17]

Ecology

Species fly from mid-May to October and inhabit old forests and damp areas near the shore. ^[16] The females of this species have a distinctive white spots at the tips of their wings ^[18] and lay from 189 to 238 eggs in 6.5 to 7.5 hours. ^[19] It takes up to 21 days for the species' to pupate. It is a parasite of Porcellio scaber . ^[20]

References

1. Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae... Ed. 10, Vol. 1. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii. pp. 824 pp. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
2. Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires présentés par divers savans à l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France (Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques). 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
3. Robineau-Desvoidy, Jean-Baptiste (1863). Histoire naturelle des dipteres des environs de Paris (PDF). Vol. Tome second. Masson et Fils, Paris. pp. 1–920. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
4. Macquart, P.J.M. (1844). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxième.—3e partie. "1843". Paris: Roret. p. 304.
5. Macquart, P.J.M. (1855). "Nouvelles observations sur les insectes diptères d'Europe de la tribu des tachinaires (Fin)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 3 (3): 177–204, 4 pls. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
6. Macquart, J (1834). "Insectes Diptères du Nord de la France. Tome V. Athericères: Créophiles, Œstrides, Myopaires, Conopsaires, Scénopiniens, Céphalopsides. Daniel L, Lille, 232 pp". Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille. 1833: 137–368.
7. Curran, C.H. (1928). "Records and descriptions of Diptera, mostly from Jamaica. Pp. 29–45. In: Gowdey, C.C., Catalogus insectorum jamaicensis". Entomological Bulletin. 4 (3): 1–45.
8. Harris, T.W. (1835). Insects. Pp. 553-602. In Hitchcock, E., Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. 2nd Edition. Amherst: J. S. & C. Adams. pp. [4] + 702 pp., 19 pls, 3 maps.
9. Villers, C.J. de (1789). Caroli Linnaei entomologia Vol. 3. Lugduni [=Lyon].: Piestre & Delamolliere. pp. 657 pp., 4 pls.
10. Harris, M. (1780). An exposition of English insects. Vol. Decads III, IV. London: Robson Co. pp. 73–99, 100–138, pls. 21–30, 31–40. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
11. Walker, F. (1853). Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 2. London: Reeve & Benham. pp. vi + 298 pp., pls. 11–20.
12. Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1830). Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
13. Cerretti, Pierfilippo; Badano, Davide; Gisondi, Silvia; Lo Giudice, Giuseppe; Pape, Thomas (15 Jan 2020). "The world woodlouse flies (Diptera, Rhinophoridae)". ZooKeys (903): 1–130. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.903.37775 . PMC   6976704 . PMID   31997887 . Retrieved 2 December 2023.
14. Yan, Liping; Pape, Thomas; Meusemann, Karen; Kutty, Sujatha Narayanan; Meier, Rudolf; Bayless, Keith M; Zhang, Dong (2021). "Monophyletic blowflies revealed by phylogenomics". BMC Biology. 19 (230). Retrieved 2 December 2023.
15. Jones, F.M. (1948). "Notes on Melanophora roralis". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology . 55: 31–34. doi: 10.1155/1948/74989 .
16. "Melanophora roralis". The Insects of Southern Ontario. Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
17. "Long-distance introduction: first New World record of Stevenia deceptoria (Loew) and a key to the genera of New World Rhinophoridae (Diptera)" (PDF). Zootaxa . 2524. Magnolia Press: 66–68. 2010. ISSN   1175-5326.
18. Marshall, Steven A. (2006). Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity: with a Photographic Guide to Insects of Eastern North America. Firefly Books. p. 718. ISBN   9781552979006.
19. J. Van Voorst (1991). The Entomologist. p. 182.
20. Warburg, Michael R. (1993). Evolutionary Biology of Land Isopods. Haifa: Springer. pp. 172pp. ISBN   978-3662218914.