Mercedes V6 hybrid Formula One power unit

Last updated
Mercedes V6 turbo-hybrid power unit [1]
Mercedes AMG Powertrain (52849595779).jpg
The Mercedes M10 power unit, used in the 2019 season
Overview
Manufacturer Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains
Production2014–present
Layout
Configuration V-6 single hybrid turbocharged engine, 90° cylinder angle
Displacement 1.6  L (98  cu in)
Cylinder bore 80  mm (3.15  in)
Piston stroke 53  mm (2.09  in)
Cylinder block materialAluminum alloy
Cylinder head materialAluminum alloy
Valvetrain 24-valve (four-valves per cylinder), DOHC
Compression ratio under 18:1
RPM range
Idle speed 5,000 rpm
Max. engine speed 15,000 rpm
Combustion
Turbocharger Hybrid turbocharger with 350–500 kPa (3.5–5.0 bar) boost pressure
Fuel system50  MPa; 7,252  psi (500  bar) gasoline direct injection
Management McLaren TAG-320 (2014-2018) later TAG-320B (2019-present)
Fuel type Petronas Primax unleaded gasoline 94.25% + 5.75% biofuel [2] and Mobil (McLaren only in 2014)
Oil system Dry sump
Cooling system Single water pump
Output
Power output 626–768  kW (840–1,030  hp)
Torque output Approx. 600–822  N⋅m (443–606  ft⋅lb)
Dimensions
Dry weight 145–150  kg (320–331  lb) overall including headers, clutch, ECU, spark box or filters
Chronology
Predecessor Mercedes-Benz FO engine
Mercedes PU106 Hybrid Power Unit on display at the Silverstone Experience 2016 Mercedes PU106 Hybrid Power Unit (49255122157).jpg
Mercedes PU106 Hybrid Power Unit on display at the Silverstone Experience

The Mercedes V6 hybrid Formula One power unit is a series of 1.6-liter, hybrid turbocharged V6 racing engines which features both a kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and a heat energy recovery system (MGU-H), developed and produced by Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains for use in Formula One. The engines were in use since the 2014 season by the Mercedes works team. Over years of development, engine power was increased from 840 horsepower at 15,000 rpm, to 1,030 horsepower at 15,000 rpm. Customer team engines were used by Williams, McLaren, Lotus, Manor Racing, Force India, Racing Point Force India, Racing Point and Aston Martin.

Contents

Having a successful run since the 2014 season, the Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine have become one of the most successful Formula One engines of all time. [3] Breaking the record for most wins in a season in 2016 (this has record since been surpassed by Honda with Red Bull Racing in 2023), as well as among many other major constructor and driver F1 records. Notably, Lewis Hamilton won a record breaking six drivers' championships and Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team won a record breaking eight consecutive constructors' championships powered by the Mercedes V6 Hybrid engines.

List of Formula One engines

Specifications of the Mercedes V6 hybrid F1 power units
Season Name Format Peak power @ rpm
Including hybrid system where applicable
Notes
2014 Mercedes-Benz PU106A1.600 L 90° V6 turbo hybrid 630 kW (840 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [4] [ unreliable source? ]
2015 Mercedes-Benz PU106B649 kW (870 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [5] [ unreliable source? ]Adapted for use in the Mercedes-AMG One [6]
2016 Mercedes-Benz PU106C670 kW (900 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [7]
2017 Mercedes-AMG M08 EQ Power+708 kW (949 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [8] [ unreliable source? ]
2018 Mercedes-AMG M09 EQ Power+720 kW (970 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [9]
2019 Mercedes-AMG M10 EQ Power+Badged as "BWT Mercedes" for Racing Point
2020 Mercedes-AMG M11 EQ Performance740 kW (990 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [10] [ unreliable source? ]
2021 Mercedes-AMG M12 E Performance770 kW (1,030 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [10] [ unreliable source? ]
2022 Mercedes-AMG M13 E Performance770 kW (1,030 hp) @ 15,000 rpm [11] [ unreliable source? ]
2023 Mercedes-AMG M14 E Performance
2024 Mercedes-AMG M15 E Performance

Statistics

Mercedes-AMG W11 F1 car, powered by a Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine, it was one of the most successful F1 cars of all time Lewis Hamilton 2020 Tuscan Grand Prix - race day (cropped).jpg
Mercedes-AMG W11 F1 car, powered by a Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine, it was one of the most successful F1 cars of all time

The Formula One regulations in 2014 saw Mercedes produce a unique hybrid 1.6-liter turbocharged V6 engine, that could produce a significant amount of power with less fuel consumption compared to Ferrari and Renault engines. It also featured the kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and heat energy recovery system (MGU-H). The engine was soon proved to have a clear advantage over other engines, as cars powered by the Mercedes engine scored the majority of points during the 2014 season. [12] Since the introduction of this engine formula, Mercedes-powered cars scored pole position in 133 and won 124 of 228 races (as of the 2024 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix), and won 7 drivers' championships and 9 constructors' championships.

Season statistics for Mercedes engines

SeasonConstructorsRacesWinsPole positions1–2 finishesPodiumsFastest lapsWCC
2014 Mercedes, Force India, McLaren, Williams1916191541171st, 3rd, 5th, 6th
2015 Mercedes, Force India, Lotus, Williams1916181238131st, 3rd, 5th, 6th
2016 Mercedes, Force India, MRT, Williams211920835101st, 4th, 5th, 11th
2017 Mercedes, Force India, Williams201215427101st, 4th, 5th
2018 Mercedes, Force India, Williams211113426101st, 7th, 10th
2019 Mercedes, Racing Point, Williams21151093291st, 7th, 10th
2020 Mercedes, Racing Point, Williams17141662991st, 4th, 10th
2021 Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams221010135121st, 4th, 7th, 8th
2022 Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams221111883rd, 5th, 7th, 10th
2023 Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams220102482nd, 4th, 5th, 7th
2024 Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams241012430121st, 4th, 5th, 9th

Other applications

Mercedes-AMG One

The Mercedes-AMG One at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed Mercedes-AMG One at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed.jpg
The Mercedes-AMG One at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed

The Mercedes-AMG One production hypercar features a powertrain similar to modern Formula One cars. The production version of the car features a modified version of the 1.6  L (98  cu in ) Mercedes-Benz PU106B Hybrid E-turbo V6 engine, used in the Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid Formula One car. [13] [14] Modifications were done to the engine, resulting in a reduction in idle rpm and redline rpm among many other changes to make it road-legal. The modified internal combustion engine (ICE) produces a maximum power output of 422 kW (574 PS; 566 hp). Torque figures were unmeasurable due to the complex powertrain. [15]

The internal combustion engine works in conjunction with four electric motors; a 120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp) MGU-K coupled to the crankshaft, a 90 kW (122 PS; 121 hp) MGU-H coupled to the turbocharger, and two electric motors in the front axle producing 240 kW (326 PS; 322 hp). [16] The One has a total combined power output of 782 kW (1,063 PS; 1,049 hp). The MGU-K and MGU-H are similar as in use in Formula One cars, which were responsible for recovering energy and improving efficiency during the operation of the car. [17] More specifically, the MGU-K serves to generate electricity during braking, while the MGU-H serves to eliminate turbo lag and improve throttle response by keeping the turbine spinning at lower engine high speeds. [18] Two electric motors drive the front wheels and creates an all-wheel drive drivetrain, the sum of these four electric motors contribute 360 kW (489 PS; 483 hp) of effective power to the total power output figure of the AMG One.

The head of Mercedes-AMG, Tobias Moers, claimed that the engine idles at 1,280 rpm and 11,000 rpm at its redline limit. However, the engine will only last for 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and the owners would have to return their cars for an engine refurbishment costing 850,000 euros. This Formula One inspired powertrain helps the car attain a top speed of 352 km/h (219 mph). According to Mercedes-AMG, the car can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.9 seconds, 0 to 200 km/h (120 mph) in 7.0 seconds and 0 to 300 km/h (190 mph) in 15.6 seconds. [19]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cosworth</span> British automotive engineering company

Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-Benz CL-Class</span> Grand tourer car

The Mercedes-Benz CL-Class is a line of grand tourers which was produced by German automaker Mercedes-Benz, produced from 1992 to 2014. The name CL stands for the German Coupé Luxusklasse (Coupé-Luxury). It is considered by Mercedes as their premier model.

Pagani Automobili S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of sports cars and carbon fiber components. The company was founded in 1992 by Argentine-Italian businessman and engineer Horacio Pagani and is based in San Cesario sul Panaro, near Modena, Italy.

Mercedes-AMG GmbH, commonly known as AMG, is the high-performance subsidiary of Mercedes-Benz AG. AMG independently hires engineers and contracts with manufacturers to customize Mercedes-Benz AMG vehicles. The company has its headquarters in Affalterbach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-Benz M113 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mercedes-Benz M113 engine is a gasoline-fueled, spark-ignition internal-combustion V8 automobile engine family used in the 2000s. It is based on the similar M112 V6 introduced in 1997, then later phased out in 2007 for the M156 AMG engine and the M273 engine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abt Sportsline</span> Motor racing company

Abt Sportsline is a motor racing and auto tuning company based in Kempten im Allgäu, Germany. Abt mainly deals with Audi and the related primary Volkswagen Group brands—Volkswagen, Škoda, and SEAT—modifying them by using sports-type suspensions, engine power upgrades, lightweight wheels, aerodynamic components and more. It has been active in DTM for more than a decade. After the death of their father Johann in 2003, the company with 170 employees in their headquarters in Kempten was run by the brothers Hans-Jürgen Abt and Christian Abt. Since 2011, Hans-Jürgen Abt has run the company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204)</span> Third generation of Mercedes-Benz C-Class

The Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204) is the third generation of the Mercedes-Benz C-Class. It was manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz in sedan/saloon (2007–2014), station wagon/estate (2008–2014) and coupé (2011–2015) bodystyles, with styling by Karlheinz Bauer and Peter Pfeiffer.

Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains is a Formula One engine manufacturer, owned by Mercedes-Benz.

This article gives an outline of Formula One engines, also called Formula One power units since the hybrid era starting in 2014. Since its inception in 1947, Formula One has used a variety of engine regulations. Formulae limiting engine capacity had been used in Grand Prix racing on a regular basis since after World War I. The engine formulae are divided according to era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kompressor (Mercedes-Benz)</span> Marketing name by Mercedes-Benz

Kompressor is a marketing name for forced induction (supercharged) Mercedes-Benz engines. The term is not widely used by other motor manufacturers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-AMG GT</span> Sports car manufactured by Mercedes-AMG as a successor to the SLS AMG

The Mercedes-AMG GT is a series of 2-door sports cars produced by German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-AMG. The car was introduced on 9 September 2014 and was officially unveiled to the public in October 2014 at the Paris Motor Show. While not directly replacing the SLS AMG, it is the second sports car developed entirely in-house by Mercedes-AMG. The Mercedes-AMG GT went on sale in two variants in March 2015, while a GT3 racing variant of the car was introduced in 2015. A high performance variant called the GT R was introduced in 2016. A GT4 racing variant, targeted at semi-professional drivers and based on the GT R variant, was introduced in 2017. In 2021, a new variant called the AMG GT Black Series was released. All variants are assembled at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Sindelfingen, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W202)</span> First generation of Mercedes-Benz C-Class

Mercedes-Benz W202 is the internal designation for a compact sedan/saloon manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz between 1992 and 2001, as the first generation of the C-Class, now in its fifth generation. Replacing the 190 series/W201 in June 1993, the C-Class sedan was Mercedes' entry-level model until 1997, when the company launched the A-Class. Production reached 1,847,382 over model years 1994–2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aston Martin DBX</span> British luxury crossover

The Aston Martin DBX is a crossover SUV produced by British luxury car marque Aston Martin since 2020. It is the first SUV the company has made. It has been described as both a "full-sized" and as a "mid-sized" vehicle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213)</span> Fifth generation of Mercedes-Benz E-Class (2016–2023)

The W213 Mercedes-Benz E-Class is the fifth generation of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class, sold from 2016 as a 2017 model. It succeeded the W212/S212 E-Class models. The coupe/convertible models share the same platform as the sedan/wagon, in contrast to the previous generation. The high-performance Mercedes-AMG E 63 and E 63 S versions of the W213 have been available as well from 2016, and these are the only versions with V8 engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-AMG ONE</span> Plug-in hybrid sports car

The Mercedes-AMG ONE is a limited-production plug-in dual hybrid sports car manufactured by Mercedes-AMG, featuring Formula One-derived technology. The Project One concept car was unveiled at the 2017 International Motor Show Germany by the then three-time F1 world champion and Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 driver, Lewis Hamilton and Head of Mercedes-Benz, Dieter Zetsche.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aston Martin Vantage (2018)</span> Motor vehicle

The Aston Martin Vantage is a two-seater sports car built by British manufacturer Aston Martin since 2018. It replaced the previous model which had been in production for 12 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door Coupé</span> Motor vehicle

The Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door Coupé is an executive car (E-segment) introduced in 2018 by Mercedes-AMG. It is marketed as a five-door variant of the AMG GT two-door sports car. Despite the name and style, the GT 4-Door Coupé is closely related to E63 wagon with its performance chassis, and is featured by the AMG-specific rear frame and a different front axle for better kinematics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aston Martin Valhalla</span> Upcoming mid-engine hybrid sports car

The Aston Martin Valhalla is a sports car developed by British manufacturer Aston Martin in collaboration with Red Bull Racing.The mid-engined car has a plug-in hybrid powertrain and is meant to sit below the flagship Valkyrie track-focused sports car and is intended to be more usable as an everyday car.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McLaren Artura</span> Motor vehicle

The McLaren Artura is a hybrid electric sports car designed and manufactured by the British car manufacturer McLaren Automotive since 2022. It is the third hybrid by the company since the P1 and Speedtail, and the first with a V6 engine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Bull Powertrains</span> Formula One power unit manufacturer

Red Bull Powertrains, abbreviated as RBPT, is a Formula One power unit manufacturing company owned by the Austrian Red Bull GmbH and based in the United Kingdom. The company was formed in 2021 to take over the operation of Formula One power units developed by Honda from 2022 onwards following the Japanese manufacturer's withdrawal from the sport after 2021. Honda continued to support the Red Bull-owned teams in 2022 and will do so until the end of 2025. Honda assembles the power units and provides trackside and race operation support. The power units remain Honda's intellectual property, and due to a development freeze, Red Bull Powertrains will not develop them.

References

  1. "Formula 1 Engine Facts « Mercedes AMG HPP". mercedes-amg-hpp.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. "Mercedes-Benz International: News, Pictures, Videos & Livestreams". mercedesamgf1.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. Watson, Jack (2021-02-26). "Formula 1's 5 Most Iconic Engines ever". Sportlight. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  4. Petric, Darjan (2021-04-29). "Mercedes didn't use full F1 engine power in 2014". MAXF1. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  5. "How Long Do F1 Engines Last? | F1 Chronicle". 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  6. "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  7. "Mercedes producing over 900bhp with more to come". ESPN. 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  8. Petric, Darjan (2018-01-05). "How much power F1 engines have?". MAXF1net. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  9. Saward, Joe (2018-05-10). "Mercedes F1 engine is a true modern marvel". Autoweek. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  10. 1 2 "Mercedes New Engine in 2021 with More 25 Horsepower – 'Party Mode Whole Race'!". F1Lead.com. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  11. "Mercedes enters 2022 with extra horsepower through improved turbocharger". www.gpblog.com. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  12. Benson, Andrew (9 April 2014). "F1: McLaren can catch Mercedes says race chief Eric Boullier". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  13. "Watch Mercedes-Benz AMG's One hit the Hockenheimring racetrack". Motor Authority. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  14. "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  15. "The Mercedes-AMG Project One Hypercar Will Have 1,020 HP". CarBuzz. 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  16. Csere, Csaba (2017-09-11). "Mercedes-AMG Project One". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  17. "Power unit and ERS". Formula1.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  18. Csere, Csaba (2017-09-17). "Mercedes-AMG Project One Photos and Info | News | Car and Driver". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  19. "Mercedes-AMG ONE". www.mercedes-amg.com. Retrieved 2022-07-27.