Messier 21

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Messier 21
Trifid and Lagoon Nebulae Excerpt- Messier 21 (noirlab2521ag).jpg
Messier 21 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Right ascension 18h 04m 13.0s [1]
Declination −22° 29′ 24″ [1]
Distance 3,930  ly (1,205  pc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)6.5 [3]
Apparent dimensions (V)14.0′ [4]
Physical characteristics
Mass783.4 [5]   M☉
Radius12  ly (3.6  pc) [5]
Estimated age6.6×106 years [5]
Other designations M21, NGC 6531, Cr 363, OCl 26.0 [6]
Associations
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

Messier 21 or M21, also designated NGC 6531 or Webb's Cross, is an open cluster of stars located to the north-east of Sagittarius in the night sky, close to the Messier objects M20 to M25 (except M24). It was discovered and catalogued by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764. [7] This cluster is relatively young and tightly packed. A few blue giant stars have been identified in the cluster, but Messier 21 is composed mainly of small dim stars. With a magnitude of 6.5, M21 is not visible to the naked eye; however, with the smallest binoculars it can be easily spotted on a dark night. The cluster is positioned near the Trifid Nebula (NGC 6514), but is not associated with that nebulosity. [8] It forms part of the Sagittarius OB1 association. [9]

Contents

This cluster is located 1,205 pc [2] away from Earth with an extinction of 0.87. [10] Messier 21 is around 6.6 million years old with a mass of 783.4  M☉ . [5] It has a tidal radius of 11.7 pc, [5] with a nucleus radius of 1.6±0.1 pc and a coronal radius of 3.6±0.2 pc. There are at least 105±11 members within the coronal radius down to visual magnitude 15.5, [11] including many early B-type stars. [8] An estimated 40–60 of the observed low-mass members are expected to be pre-main-sequence stars, [8] with 26 candidates identified based upon hydrogen alpha emission and the presence of lithium in the spectrum. [10] The stars in the cluster do not show a significant spread in ages, suggesting that the star formation was triggered all at once. [11]

As of January 2022, Messier 21 is one of the few remaining objects within the Messier Catalog to not have been photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope. [12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Wu, Zhen-Yu; et al. (November 2009), "The orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 399 (4): 2146–2164, arXiv: 0909.3737 , Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.2146W, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15416.x , S2CID   6066790.
  2. 1 2 Kharchenko, N. V.; et al. (2005), "Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 438 (3): 1163–1173, arXiv: astro-ph/0501674 , Bibcode:2005A&A...438.1163K, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042523, S2CID   9079873.
  3. ↑ "Messier 21". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  4. ↑ Morales, Esteban F. E.; et al. (2013), "Stellar clusters in the inner Galaxy and their correlation with cold dust emission", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 560: A76, arXiv: 1310.2612 , Bibcode:2013A&A...560A..76M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321626, S2CID   118422539.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Piskunov, A. E.; et al. (January 2008), "Tidal radii and masses of open clusters", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 477 (1): 165–172, Bibcode:2008A&A...477..165P, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078525 .
  6. ↑ "M 21". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  7. ↑ Adam, Len (2018), Imaging the Messier Objects Remotely from Your Laptop, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, Springer, pp. 128–130, Bibcode:2018imor.book.....A, ISBN   978-3319653853.
  8. 1 2 3 Park, Byeong-Gon; et al. (December 2001), "The Galactic Open Cluster NGC 6531 (M21)", Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society, 34 (3): 149–155, Bibcode:2001JKAS...34..149P, doi:10.5303/JKAS.2001.34.3.149 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  9. ↑ van den Ancker, M. E.; Thé, P. S.; de Winter, D. (June 2000), "The central part of the young open cluster NGC 6383", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 362: 580, arXiv: astro-ph/0006283 , Bibcode:2000A&A...362..580V
  10. 1 2 Fedele, D.; et al. (February 2010), "Timescale of mass accretion in pre-main-sequence stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 510: 7, arXiv: 0911.3320 , Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..72F, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912810, S2CID   118520073, A72.
  11. 1 2 Forbes, Douglas (September 1996), "Star Formation in NGC 6531-Evidence From the age Spread and Initial Mass Function", Astronomical Journal, 112: 1073, Bibcode:1996AJ....112.1073F, doi:10.1086/118079.
  12. ↑ "Explore - the Night Sky | Hubble's Messier Catalog". 28 August 2017.
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