Messier 89

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Messier 89 [1]
Messier89 - HST - Potw1902a.tif
M89 by Hubble Space Telescope.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 35m 39.8s [2]
Declination +12° 33′ 23″ [2]
Redshift 0.001134±0.000014 [2]
Helio radial velocity 340±4 km/s [2]
Galactocentric velocity290±5 km/s [2]
Distance 50 ± 3  Mly (15.33 ± 0.92  Mpc)
Apparent magnitude  (V)9.8 [3]
Characteristics
Type E, [2] LINER, [2] HIISy2 [2]
Apparent size  (V)5.1 × 4.7 moa [2]
Other designations
NGC 4552, [2] UGC 7760, [2] PGC 41968 [2]
References: SIMBAD: Search M89

Messier 89 (M89 for short, also known as NGC 4552) is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by Charles Messier on March 18, 1781. M89 is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. [3]

Contents

Features

Current observations allow the possibility that M89 may be nearly perfectly spherical. Distinct flattening as ellipsoids is found in all easily measurable comparators up to a few times of its distance. The alternative explanation is that it is an ellipsoid oriented so that it appears spherical to an observer on Earth.

The galaxy features a surrounding structure of gas and dust, extending up to 150,000 light-years and jets of heated particles up to two-thirds of that. [4] This indicates that it may have once been an active quasar or radio galaxy. [4] M89 has an extensive and complex system of surrounding shells and plumes, indicating that it has seen one or several notable mergers. [5]

Chandra studies in the wavelength of the X-Rays show two ring-like structures of hot gas in M89's nucleus, suggesting an outburst there 1 to 2 million years ago [6] as well as ram-pressure stripping acting on the galaxy as it moves through Virgo's intracluster medium. [7] The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of (4.8±0.8)×108  M☉ . [8]

M89 also has a large array of globular clusters. A 2006 survey estimates that there are 2,000 ± 700 of these within 25′. This compares to 150 to 200 of these thought (among which many proven) to surround the Milky Way. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 87</span> Elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 61</span> Intermediate barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sombrero Galaxy</span> Peculiar galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 49</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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Messier 59 Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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Messier 84 Elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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Messier 86 Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 86 is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781. M86 lies in the heart of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and forms a most conspicuous group with another large galaxy known as Messier 84. It displays the highest blue shift of all Messier objects, as it is, net of its other vectors of travel, approaching the Milky Way at 244 km/s. This is due to both galaxies falling roughly towards the center of the Virgo cluster from opposing ends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 90</span> Intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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Messier 91 Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

Messier 91 is a barred spiral galaxy that is found in the south of Coma Berenices. It is in the local supercluster and is part of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It is about 63 million light-years away from our galaxy. It was the last of a group of eight "nebulae" – the term 'galaxy' only coming into use for these objects once it was realized in the 20th century that they were extragalactic – discovered by Charles Messier in 1781. It is the faintest object in the Messier catalog.

NGC 1316 Lenticular radio galaxy in the constellation Fornax

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NGC 4323 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4478 Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4478 is an elliptical galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4478 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. NGC 4478 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4665 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4665, also catalogued as NGC 4624 and NGC 4664, is a barred lenticular or spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4665 is about 75,000 light years across. NGC 4665 lies 2 and 3/4 degrees east-south east of Delta Virginis and 50 arcminutes southwest of 35 Virginis. It can be viewed through a moderately sized telescope with 23x magnification, forming a pair with an 11th magnitude star 1.5 arcminutes southwest. It is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

NGC 4636 Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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NGC 5846 Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5846 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5846 is about 110,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 24, 1786. It lies near 110 Virginis and is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue. It is a member of the NGC 5846 Group of galaxies, itself one of the Virgo III Groups strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

NGC 4318 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4318 is a small lenticular galaxy located about 72 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828. NGC 4318 is a member of the Virgo W′ group, a group of galaxies in the background of the Virgo Cluster that is centered on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4365.

References

  1. ↑ J. L. Tonry; A. Dressler; J. P. Blakeslee; E. A. Ajhar; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal . 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv: astro-ph/0011223 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301. S2CID   17628238.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4552. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
  3. 1 2 "Elliptical Galaxy M89 @ SEDS Messier pages".
  4. 1 2 Messier Objects 81-90 @ Sea and Sky
  5. ↑ Janowiecki, Steven; Mihos, J. Christopher; Harding, Paul; Feldmeier, John J.; et al. (2010). "Diffuse Tidal Structures in the Halos of Virgo Ellipticals". The Astrophysical Journal . 715 (2): 972–985. arXiv: 1004.1473 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..972J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/972. S2CID   119196248.
  6. ↑ Machacek, M.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R. (2014). "Chandra Observations of Nuclear Outflows in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4552 in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal . 648 (2): 947–955. arXiv: astro-ph/0604406 . Bibcode:2006ApJ...648..947M. doi:10.1086/505963. S2CID   14060525.
  7. ↑ Machacek, M.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R.; Nulsen, P. (2006). "Chandra Observations of Gas Stripping in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4552 in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal . 644 (1): 155–166. arXiv: astro-ph/0508588 . Bibcode:2006ApJ...644..155M. doi:10.1086/503350. S2CID   17223014.
  8. ↑ Graham, Alister W. (November 2008), "Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 25 (4): 167–175, arXiv: 0807.2549 , Bibcode:2008PASA...25..167G, doi:10.1071/AS08013, S2CID   89905.
  9. ↑ Tamura, Naoyuki; Sharples, Ray M.; Arimoto, Nobuo; Onodera, Masato; et al. (2006). "A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide-field survey of globular cluster populations around M87 - I. Observation, data analysis and luminosity function". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 373 (2): 588–600. arXiv: astro-ph/0609067 . Bibcode:2006MNRAS.373..588T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11067.x. S2CID   15127905.

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