NGC 4565

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NGC 4565
Needle Galaxy 4565.jpeg
NGC 4565
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Coma Berenices
Right ascension 12h 36m 20.8s [1]
Declination +25° 59′ 16″ [1]
Redshift 0.004103 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 1230 ± 5 km/s [1]
Distance 42.7 ± 12 Mly (13.1 ± 3.7 Mpc) [2]
53 ± 4 Mly (16.2 ± 1.3 Mpc) [3]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.42 [1]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)b? [1]
Apparent size  (V)15.90′ × 1.85′ [1]
Other designations
UGC 7772, [1] PGC 42038, [1] Caldwell  38

NGC 4565 (also known as the Needle Galaxy or Caldwell 38) is an edge-on spiral galaxy about 30 to 50 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. [2] It lies close to the North Galactic Pole and has a visual magnitude of approximately 10. It is known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile. [4] First recorded in 1785 by William Herschel, it is a prominent example of an edge-on spiral galaxy. [5]

Contents

Characteristics

NGC 4565 is a giant spiral galaxy more luminous than the Andromeda Galaxy. [6] Much speculation exists in literature as to the nature of the central bulge. In the absence of clear-cut dynamical data on the motions of stars in the bulge, the photometric data alone cannot adjudge among various options put forth. However, its exponential shape suggested that it is a barred spiral galaxy. [7] Studies with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope not only confirmed the presence of a central bar but also showed a pseudobulge within it as well as an inner ring. [8]

NGC 4565 has at least two satellite galaxies, one of which is interacting with it. [9] It has a population of roughly 240 globular clusters, more than the Milky Way. [6]

NGC 4565 is one of the brightest [10] member galaxies of the Coma I Group. [11] [10]

This edge-on galaxy exhibits a slightly warped and extended disk under deep optical surveys, likely due to ongoing interactions with neighboring satellite galaxies or other galaxies in the Coma I group. GALEX images show the slight warp at the edge of the disc more clearly than other surveys.

Using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), astronomers of the University of Hamburg discovered a diffuse radio halo around NGC 4565. During the observations, a warp was detected in the radio continuum of NGC 4565 that is reminiscent of a neutral hydrogen line (HI) warp and identifying a slight flaring of the galaxy's radio halo. It is assumed that this flaring is caused by the warp as the vertical intensity profiles are asymmetric, which is in agreement with the warp. According to the study, a minimum age for the warp was estimated at approximately 130 million years. This is the spectral age of the galaxy's cosmic ray electrons, during which they are transported into the warp. This indicates that NGC 4565 may be in the aftermath of a period with more intense star formation.

A detailed view of part of the disc of the spiral galaxy NGC 4565 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope Caldwell 38.jpg
A detailed view of part of the disc of the spiral galaxy NGC 4565 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope

Related Research Articles

NGC 4631 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici about 30 million light years away from Earth. This galaxy's slightly distorted wedge shape gives it the appearance of a herring or a whale, hence its nickname. Because this nearby galaxy is seen edge-on from Earth, professional astronomers observe this galaxy to better understand the gas and stars located outside the plane of the galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5866</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5866 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Draco. NGC 5866 was most likely discovered by Pierre Méchain or Charles Messier in 1781, and independently found by William Herschel in 1788. Measured orbital velocities of its globular cluster system imply that dark matter makes up only 34±45% of the mass within 5 effective radii, a notable paucity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 86</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 86 is an elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781. M86 lies in the heart of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and forms a most conspicuous group with another large galaxy known as Messier 84. It displays the highest blue shift of all Messier objects, as it is, net of its other vectors of travel, approaching the Milky Way at 244 km/s. This is due to both galaxies falling roughly towards the center of the Virgo cluster from opposing ends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7331</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7331, also known as Caldwell 30, is an unbarred spiral galaxy about 40 million light-years (12 Mpc) away in the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. NGC 7331 is the brightest galaxy in the field of a visual grouping known as the NGC 7331 Group of galaxies. In fact, the other members of the group, NGC 7335, 7336, 7337 and 7340, lie far in the background at distances of approximately 300-350 million light years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4216</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4216 is a metal-rich intermediate spiral galaxy located not far from the center of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, roughly 55 million light-years away. It is seen nearly edge-on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7814</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7814 is a spiral galaxy about 40 million light-years away in the constellation Pegasus. The galaxy is seen edge-on from Earth. It is sometimes referred to as "the little sombrero", a miniature version of Messier 104. The star field behind NGC 7814 is known for its density of faint, remote galaxies as can be seen in the image here, in the same vein as the Hubble Deep Field.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4448</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4448 is a barred spiral galaxy with a prominent inner ring structure in the constellation Coma Berenices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5101</span> Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 5101 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Hydra. It is separated in the sky from the spiral galaxy NGC 5078 by about 0.5 degrees, and both are believed to be at the same distance from the Earth. This would mean they are approximately 800,000 light-years apart. Both galaxies are believed to be about the size of the Milky Way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3169</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sextans

NGC 3169 is a spiral galaxy about 75 million light years away in the constellation Sextans. It has the morphological classification SA(s)a pec, which indicates this is a pure, unbarred spiral galaxy with tightly-wound arms and peculiar features. There is an asymmetrical spiral arm and an extended halo around the galaxy. It is a member of the NGC 3166 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4911</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4911 is a disturbed, warped spiral galaxy with a bright prominent central starburst ring and located deep within the Coma Cluster of galaxies, which lies some 300 million light years away in the northern constellation Coma Berenices. NGC 4911 is believed to be interacting with its warped, barred lenticular companion, producing the enhanced star formation and shell-like appearance seen in optical images. The galaxy contains rich lanes of dust and gas near its centre. The existence of clouds of hydrogen within the galaxy indicates ongoing star formation. It is rare for a spiral galaxy to be situated at the heart of a cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4494</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4494 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is located at a distance of circa 45 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4494 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4647</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4647 is an intermediate spiral galaxy estimated to be around 63 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4647 is listed along with Messier 60 as being part of a pair of galaxies called Arp 116; their designation in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. The galaxy is located on the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4608</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4608 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. At about 56 million light-years away, it is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4469</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4469 is a nearly edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy. NGC 4469 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 15, 1784. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4237</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4237 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 30, 1783 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy and as a Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 973</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 973 is a giant spiral galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum. It is located at a distance of circa 200 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 973 is about 230,000 light years across. It was discovered by Lewis Swift on October 30, 1885.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 918</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 918 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries, about 67 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by John Herschel on Jan 11, 1831.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4359</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4359 is a dwarf barred spiral galaxy seen edge-on that is about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 20, 1787. It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group, which is part of the Coma I Group or Cloud.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4393</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices

NGC 4393 is a spiral galaxy about 46 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 11, 1785. It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group, which is part of the Coma I Group or Cloud.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Results for NGC 4565". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  2. 1 2 "Distance Results for NGC 4565". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
  3. ↑ Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; et al. (February 2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. arXiv: astro-ph/0210129 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430. S2CID   551714.
  4. ↑ "NGC4565 at". apod.nasa.gov.
  5. ↑ Spiral Galaxy NGC 4565 at http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0525a/
  6. 1 2 Globular Cluster Systems in Galaxies Beyond the Local Group
  7. ↑ "Intermediate-band surface photometry of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4565". iop.org.
  8. ↑ Detection of a Distinct Pseudobulge Hidden Inside the Box-Shaped Bulge of NGC 4565
  9. ↑ HALOGAS: H I Observations and Modeling of the Nearby Edge-on Spiral Galaxy NGC 4565
  10. 1 2 "Webb Deep-Sky Society: Galaxy of the Month: NGC4565". www.webbdeepsky.com. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
  11. ↑ Gregory, Stephen A.; Thompson, Laird A. (April 1977). "The Coma i Galaxy Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 213: 345–350. Bibcode:1977ApJ...213..345G. doi:10.1086/155160. ISSN   0004-637X.
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