NGC 4323

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NGC 4323
SDSS NGC 4323.jpg
SDSS image of NGC 4323.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Coma Berenices [1]
Right ascension 12h 23m 01.7s [2]
Declination 15° 54′ 20″ [2]
Redshift 0.006182 [2]
Helio radial velocity 869 km/s [2]
Distance 52.5 [3] Mly
Group or cluster Virgo Cluster
Apparent magnitude  (V)15.1g [2]
Characteristics
Type SB0^0(r), dE [2]
Mass 1.7×109 [4]   M☉
Size~23,000  ly (7  kpc) (estimated) [5]
Apparent size  (V)0.953′ × 0.610′ [6]
Other designations
PGC 40171, VCC 608, MCG +03-32-016 [2]

NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy [7] located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel [8] and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. [9]

Contents

NGC 4323 is commonly misidentified as NGC 4322, which is a 13th magnitude star. [10] [11]

Interaction with Messier 100

NGC 4323 is a companion of Messier 100, [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] which lies 78,000 light-years (24 kiloparsecs ) away. [13] [17] [21] The two galaxies appear to be interacting, [15] [19] [20] [22] as evidenced by Messier 100's rotation curve, an asymmetry of its HI disk, [19] [20] and a faint, optical bridge that connects it to NGC 4323. [14] [15] [16] [17] [20] [22] However, Knapen et al. suggests that the two galaxies are not interacting as NGC 4323 is a small galaxy and has a large separation from Messier 100. [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 100</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

Messier 100 is a grand design intermediate spiral galaxy in the southern part of the mildly northern Coma Berenices. It is one of the brightest and largest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and is approximately 55 million light-years from our galaxy, its diameter being 107,000 light years, and being about 60% as large. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and 29 days later seen again and entered by Charles Messier in his catalogue "of nebulae and star clusters".. It was one of the first spiral galaxies to be discovered, and was listed as one of fourteen spiral nebulae by Lord William Parsons of Rosse in 1850. NGC 4323 and NGC 4328 are satellite galaxies of M100; the former is connected with it by a bridge of luminous matter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4536</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4536 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo located about 10° south of the midpoint of the Virgo cluster. However, it is not considered a member of the cluster. Rather, it is a member of the M61 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. The morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(rs)bc, which indicates it is a weakly barred spiral galaxy with a hint of an inner ring structure plus moderate to loosely wound arms. It does not have a classical bulge around the nucleus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anemic galaxy</span> Type of spiral galaxy characterized by a low contrast between its spiral arms and the disk

An anemic galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy characterized by a low contrast between its spiral arms and its disk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4178</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4178 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a barred spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered April 11, 1825 by English astronomer John Herschel. Located some 43.8 million light years away, this galaxy spans 2.3 × 0.4 arc minutes and is seen at a low angle, being inclined by 77° to the line of sight from the Earth. The morphological classification of NGC 4178 is SB(rs)dm, indicating that it has a bar feature at the core, and, per the '(rs)', has traces of a ring-like structure surrounding the bar. The 'dm' suffix indicates the spiral arms are diffuse, broken, and irregular in appearance with no bulge at the nucleus. This galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster, which is the richest nearby group of galaxies outside the Local Group and forms the core of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3675</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3675 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3675 is about 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4457</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4457 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy, a class of active galaxy defined by their spectral line emissions. NGC 4457 Is inclined by about 33°. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 23, 1784. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog as VCC 1145, NGC 4457 is a member of the Virgo II Groups which form an extension of the Virgo cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4586</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4586 is a spiral galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786. Although listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog, NGC 4586 is considered to be a member of the Virgo II Groups which form a southern extension of the Virgo cluster. NGC 4586 is currently in the process of infalling into the Virgo Cluster and is predicted to enter the cluster in about 500 million years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4607</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4607 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4607 was discovered by astronomer R. J. Mitchell on April 24, 1854. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coma I</span> Galaxy cluster in constellation Coma Berenices

The Coma I Group is a group of galaxies located about 14.5 Mpc (47.3 Mly) away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The brightest member of the group is NGC 4725. The Coma I Group is rich in spiral galaxies while containing few elliptical and lenticular galaxies. Coma I lies in the foreground of the more distant Coma and Leo clusters and is located within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4222</span> Edge-on spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4222 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is often misidentified as IC 3087. NGC 4222 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and is a companion of NGC 4216 which lies about 180,000 ly (56 kpc) away. Despite this, the two galaxies are not interacting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4237</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4237 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 30, 1783 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy and as a Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4636</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4636 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of about 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4636 is about 105,000 light years across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4294</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy with flocculent spiral arms located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4298</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4298 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4299</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4299 is a featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4312</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4312 is an edge-on unbarred spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on January 14, 1787. NGC 4312 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and is a LINER galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4318</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4318 is a small lenticular galaxy located about 72 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828. NGC 4318 is a member of the Virgo W′ group, a group of galaxies in the background of the Virgo Cluster that is centered on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4365.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4333</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4333 is a barred spiral galaxy with a ring structure located about 330 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 13, 1784, who described it as "F, pS, R, bM, 2nd of 3". NGC 4333 is also classified as a LINER galaxy. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster catalog as VCC 637, it is not a member of the Virgo Cluster but instead a background galaxy.

References

  1. ↑ Dreyer, J. L. E. (1988). Sinnott, R. W. (ed.). The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters. Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-933346-51-2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4306. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
  3. ↑ Rand, Richard J.; Wallin, John F. (2004). "Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 142–157. arXiv: astro-ph/0406426 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..142R. doi:10.1086/423423. S2CID   17095983.
  4. ↑ Conselice, Christopher J.; O'Neil, Karen; Gallagher, John S.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2003-07-01). "Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. IV. Deep H I Observations of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (1): 167–184. arXiv: astro-ph/0303185 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..167C. doi:10.1086/375216. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   18689071.
  5. ↑ Koleva, Mina; Bouchard, Antoine; Prugniel, Philippe; De Rijcke, Sven; Vauglin, Isabelle (2013-02-01). "The transmutation of dwarf galaxies: stellar populations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 428 (4): 2949–2965. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.428.2949K. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sts238 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. ↑ Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi: 10.1086/498708 . ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   18913331.
  7. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  8. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  9. ↑ "Detailed Object Classifications". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  10. ↑ Gottlieb, Steve. "Astronomy-Mall: Adventures In Deep Space NGC objects 4001-4999". Astronomy-Mall. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  11. ↑ "Notes on the NGC objects, particularly those missing, misidentified, or otherwise unusual (ngcnotes.all)". Historically-aware NGC/IC Positions and Notes. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
  12. ↑ Pan, Hsi-An; Kuno, Nario (April 2017). "Variation in GMC Association Properties across the Bars, Spiral Arms, Inter-arms, and Circumnuclear Region of M100 (NGC 4321) Extracted from ALMA Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 839 (2): 133. arXiv: 1702.04124 . Bibcode:2017ApJ...839..133P. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c2 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  13. 1 2 Kendall, S.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Clarke, C. (2011-06-11). "Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I. Sample, data analysis and overview of results: Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (1): 538–564. arXiv: 1101.5764 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18422.x .
  14. 1 2 Weżgowiec, M.; Urbanik, M.; Beck, R.; Chyży, K. T.; Soida, M. (September 2012). "The magnetic fields of large Virgo cluster spirals. II". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A69. arXiv: 1208.2845 . Bibcode:2012A&A...545A..69W. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201218871 . ISSN   0004-6361.
  15. 1 2 3 Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.; Israel, F. P.; Serjeant, S.; Bendo, G.; Brinks, E.; Clements, D.; Courteau, S.; Irwin, J.; Knapen, J. H.; Leech, J. (2009-03-10). "The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey. I. Star-Forming Molecular Gas in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1736–1748. arXiv: 0812.1718 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1736W. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1736 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  16. 1 2 Elmegreen, Debra Meloy; Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Yau, Andrew; Athanassoula, E.; Bosma, Albert; Buta, Ronald J.; Helou, George; Ho, Luis C.; Gadotti, Dimitri A.; Knapen, Johan H.; Laurikainen, Eija (2011-08-10). "Grand Design and Flocculent Spirals in Thespitzersurvey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)". The Astrophysical Journal. 737 (1): 32. arXiv: 1106.4840 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...737...32E. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/32 . hdl:1854/LU-8622875. ISSN   0004-637X.
  17. 1 2 3 Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). "Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6): 1741–1816. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1741C. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  18. ↑ Egusa, Fumi; Kohno, Kotaro; Sofue, Yoshiaki; Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Komugi, Shinya (2009-06-01). "Determining Star Formation Timescale and Pattern Speed in Nearby Spiral Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 697 (2): 1870–1891. arXiv: 0904.3121 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...697.1870E. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1870 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Heller, C. H.; Shlosman, I.; de Jong, R. S. (December 1995). "The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling". The Astrophysical Journal. 454: 623–642. arXiv: astro-ph/9506098 . Bibcode:1995ApJ...454..623K. doi:10.1086/176516. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   118989599.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Knapen, Johan H.; Cepa, Jordi; Beckman, John E.; Soledad del Rio, M.; Pedlar, Alan (October 1993). "Star Formation in the Spiral Arms of NGC 4321. II. H i Distribution and Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 416: 563. Bibcode:1993ApJ...416..563K. doi: 10.1086/173258 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  21. 1 2 Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). "On the Relevance of the Tremaine‐Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)". The Astrophysical Journal. 632 (1): 253–265. arXiv: astro-ph/0505384 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...632..253H. doi: 10.1086/431964 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  22. 1 2 3 del Rio, M. S.; Cepa, J. (1998-12-01). "The nature of arms in spiral galaxies. III. Azimuthal profiles". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 340: 1–20. Bibcode:1998A&A...340....1D. ISSN   0004-6361.


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