M94 Group

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M94 Group
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s) Canes Venatici & Coma Berenices
Right ascension [1] [2]
Declination [1] [2]
Brightest member M94, [2] M106, [1]
Number of galaxies16-24 [1] [2] [3]
Other designations
NGC 4736 Group, [4] Canes Venatici I Group, [4]
Canes Venatici Cloud, [4]
LGG 291, [1] NOGG H 617, [2]
NOGG P1 636, [2] NOGG P2 647 [2]
See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters

The M94 Group (Canes I Group or Canes Venatici I Group) is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away [5] in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster) [6] and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.

Contents

Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be from a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group. Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appear to be moving with the expansion of the universe. [5] [7]

Members

The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog, [3] the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog, [1] and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al. [2]

Members of the M94 Group
Name Type [8] R.A. (J2000) [8] Dec. (J2000) [8] Redshift (km/s) [8] Apparent Magnitude [8]
IC 3687 IAB(s)m12h 42m 15.1s+38° 30′ 12″354 ± 113.7
IC 4182 SA(s)m13h 05m 49.5s+37° 36′ 18″321 ± 113.0
M94 (R)SA(r)ab12h 50m 53.0s+41° 07′ 14″308 ± 19.0
NGC 4144 SAB(s)cd12h 09m 58.6s+46° 27′ 26″265 ± 112.1
NGC 4190 Im pec12h 13m 44.8s+36° 38′ 03″228 ± 113.4
NGC 4214 IAB(s)m12h 15m 39.2s+36° 19′ 37″291 ± 310.2
NGC 4244 SA(s)cd12h 17m 29.6s+37° 48′ 26″24410.9
NGC 4395 SA(s)m12h 25m 48.9s+33° 32′ 48″319 ± 110.6
NGC 4449 IBm12h 28m 11.9s+44° 05′ 40″207 ± 410.0
UGC 6817 Im11h 50m 53.0s+38° 52′ 49″242 ± 113.4
UGC 7559 IBm12h 27m 05.2s+37° 08′ 33″218 ± 514.2
UGC 7577 Im12h 27m 40.9s+43° 29′ 44″19512.8
UGC 7698 Im12h 32m 54.4s+31° 32′ 28″331 ± 113.0
UGC 8320 IBm13h 14m 27.9s+45° 55′ 09″192 ± 112.7

Additionally, NGC 4105 and DDO 169 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.

The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members. The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group. [1] However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group. [2] [3]

Canes Venatici Cloud

This galaxy group is sometimes erroneously called the Canes Venatici Cloud, a larger structure of which it is a member. A galaxy cloud is a supercluster substructure. The CVn Cloud used in this manner is identified by Tully and de Vaucoleurs.

See also

Related Research Articles

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Virgo Supercluster Galactic supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster

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NGC 4631 Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4631 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy's slightly distorted wedge shape gives it the appearance of a herring or a whale, hence its nickname. Because this nearby galaxy is seen edge-on from Earth, professional astronomers observe this galaxy to better understand the gas and stars located outside the plane of the galaxy.

Leo Triplet Group of galaxies in the constellation Leo

The Leo Triplet is a small group of galaxies about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. This galaxy group consists of the spiral galaxies M65, M66, and NGC 3628.

Messier 94 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

Messier 94 is a spiral galaxy in the mid-northern constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, and catalogued by Charles Messier two days later. Although some references describe M94 as a barred spiral galaxy, the "bar" structure appears to be more oval-shaped. The galaxy has two ring structures.

Centaurus A/M83 Group Group of galaxies in the constellations Centaurus, Hydra and Virgo

The Centaurus A/M83 Group is a complex group of galaxies in the constellations Hydra, Centaurus, and Virgo. The group may be roughly divided into two subgroups. The Cen A Subgroup, at a distance of 11.9 Mly, is centered on Centaurus A, a nearby radio galaxy. The M83 Subgroup, at a distance of 14.9 Mly, is centered on the Messier 83 (M83), a face-on spiral galaxy.

M101 Group Loose group of galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major

The M101 Group is a loose group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101). Most of the other members of the group are companions of the Pinwheel Galaxy. The group itself is one of many located within the Virgo Supercluster.

NGC 3949 Unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3949 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It is believed to be approximately 50 million light-years away from the Earth. NGC 3949 is a member of the M109 Group, a group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major that may contain over 50 galaxies. The brightest galaxy in the group is the spiral galaxy M109.

NGC 4038 Group Galaxy group in the constellations Corvus and Crater

The NGC 4038 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellations Corvus and Crater. The group may contain between 13 and 27 galaxies. The group's best known galaxies are the Antennae Galaxies, a well-known interacting pair of galaxies.

The M74 Group is a small group of galaxies in the constellation Pisces. The face-on spiral galaxy M74 is the brightest galaxy within the group. Other members include the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 660 and several smaller irregular galaxies . The M74 Group is one of many galaxy groups that lie within the Virgo Supercluster.

M109 Group Galaxy group in the constellation Ursa Major

The M109 Group is a group of galaxies about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy within the group, the spiral galaxy M109.

The NGC 4631 Group is a poorly defined group of galaxies, about 25 million light-years from Earth in the Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici constellations.

NGC 5866 Group Small group of galaxies in the constellation Draco

The NGC 5866 Group is a small group of galaxies located in the constellation Draco. The group is named after NGC 5866, the galaxy with the highest apparent magnitude in the group, although some galaxy group catalogs list NGC 5907 as the brightest member.

M51 Group Galaxy cluster in constellation Canes Venatici

The M51 Group is a group of galaxies located in Canes Venatici. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51A). Other notable members include the companion galaxy to the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51B) and the Sunflower Galaxy (M63).

M96 Group Galaxy group in the constellation Leo

The M96 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellation Leo. This group contains between 8 and 24 galaxies, including three Messier objects. It also contains the Leo Ring. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

UGCA 86 Magellanic spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

UGCA 86 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy. It was first thought to be part of the Local Group, but after the brightest stars in the galaxy were observed, it became clear that it was located in the IC 342/Maffei Group. UGCA 86 is thought to be a satellite galaxy of IC 342, however the separation between the two galaxies is over 50% larger than the distance between the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds.

NGC 4449 Irregular magellanic type galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4449, also known as Caldwell 21, is an irregular Magellanic type galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici, being located about 13 million light-years away. It is part of the M94 Group or Canes Venatici I Group that is relatively close to the Local Group hosting our Milky Way galaxy.

Coma I Galaxy cluster in constellation Coma Berenices

The Coma I Group is a group of galaxies located about 14.5 Mpc (47.3 Mly) away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The brightest member of the group is NGC 4725. The Coma I Group is rich in spiral galaxies while containing few elliptical and lenticular galaxies. Coma I lies in the foreground of the more distant Coma and Leo clusters and is located within the Virgo Supercluster.

NGC 3981 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Crater

NGC 3981 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located 62 million light-years away in the constellation of Crater. It was discovered on February 7, 1785 by William Herschel.

The Telescopium−Grus Cloud is a galaxy filament in the constellations of Pavo, Indus, and Telescopium. It was first defined by astronomer Brent Tully in his book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas and its companion book The Nearby Galaxies Catalog.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement . 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv: astro-ph/0001140 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID   9618325.
  3. 1 2 3 R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0-521-35299-1.
  4. 1 2 3 "NAME CVn I Group". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2006-10-30.
  5. 1 2 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal . 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv: astro-ph/0410065 . Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
  6. ↑ R. B. Tully (1982). "The Local Supercluster". Astrophysical Journal . 257: 389–422. Bibcode:1982ApJ...257..389T. doi:10.1086/159999.
  7. ↑ I. D. Karachentsev; M. E. Sharina; A. E. Dolphin; E. K. Grebel; D. Geisler; P. Guhathakurta; P. W. Hodge; V. E. Karachentseva; A. Sarajedini; P. Seitzer (2003). "Galaxy flow in the Canes Venatici I cloud". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 398 (2): 467–477. arXiv: astro-ph/0210414 . Bibcode:2003A&A...398..467K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021598. S2CID   6310283.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2006-11-06.
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