M94 Group

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M94 Group
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s) Canes Venatici & Coma Berenices
Right ascension [1] [2]
Declination [1] [2]
Brightest member M94, [2] M106, [1]
Number of galaxies16–24 [1] [2] [3]
Other designations
NGC 4736 Group, [4] Canes Venatici I Group, [4]
Canes Venatici Cloud, [4]
LGG 291, [1] NOGG H 617, [2]
NOGG P1 636, [2] NOGG P2 647 [2]

The M94 Group (Canes I Group or Canes Venatici I Group) is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away [5] in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster) [6] and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.

Contents

Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be from a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group. Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appear to be moving with the expansion of the universe. [5] [7]

Members

The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog, [3] the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog, [1] and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al. [2]

Members of the M94 Group
Name Type [8] R.A. (J2000) [8] Dec. (J2000) [8] Redshift (km/s) [8] Apparent Magnitude [8]
IC 3687 IAB(s)m12h 42m 15.1s+38° 30′ 12″354 ± 113.7
IC 4182 SA(s)m13h 05m 49.5s+37° 36′ 18″321 ± 113.0
M94 (R)SA(r)ab12h 50m 53.0s+41° 07′ 14″308 ± 19.0
NGC 4144 SAB(s)cd12h 09m 58.6s+46° 27′ 26″265 ± 112.1
NGC 4190 Im pec12h 13m 44.8s+36° 38′ 03″228 ± 113.4
NGC 4214 IAB(s)m12h 15m 39.2s+36° 19′ 37″291 ± 310.2
NGC 4244 SA(s)cd12h 17m 29.6s+37° 48′ 26″24410.9
NGC 4395 SA(s)m12h 25m 48.9s+33° 32′ 48″319 ± 110.6
NGC 4449 IBm12h 28m 11.9s+44° 05′ 40″207 ± 410.0
UGC 6817 Im11h 50m 53.0s+38° 52′ 49″242 ± 113.4
UGC 7559 IBm12h 27m 05.2s+37° 08′ 33″218 ± 514.2
UGC 7577 Im12h 27m 40.9s+43° 29′ 44″19512.8
UGC 7698 Im12h 32m 54.4s+31° 32′ 28″331 ± 113.0
UGC 8320 IBm13h 14m 27.9s+45° 55′ 09″192 ± 112.7

Additionally, NGC 4105 and DDO 169 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.

The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members. The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group. [1] However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group. [2] [3]

Canes Venatici Cloud

This galaxy group is sometimes erroneously called the Canes Venatici Cloud, a larger structure of which it is a member. A galaxy cloud is a supercluster substructure. The CVn Cloud used in this manner is identified by Tully and de Vaucoleurs.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canes Venatici</span> Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere

Canes Venatici is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 342/Maffei Group</span> Galaxy cluster in the constellation of Cassiopeia

The IC 342/Maffei Group corresponds to one or two galaxy groups close to the Local Group. The member galaxies are mostly concentrated around either IC 342 or Maffei 1, which would be the brightest two galaxies in the group. The group is part of the Virgo Supercluster. However, recent studies have found that the two subgroups are unrelated; while the IC 342 group is the nearest galaxy group to the Milky Way, the Maffei 1 group is several times farther away, and is not gravitationally bound to the IC 342 group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virgo Supercluster</span> Galactic supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster

The Virgo Supercluster or the Local Supercluster is a defined supercluster containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs. The Virgo SC is one of about 10 million superclusters in the observable universe and is in the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leo Triplet</span> Group of galaxies in the constellation Leo

The Leo Triplet is a small group of galaxies about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. This galaxy group consists of the spiral galaxies M65, M66, and NGC 3628.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 94</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

Messier 94 is a spiral galaxy in the mid-northern constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, and catalogued by Charles Messier two days later. Although some references describe M94 as a barred spiral galaxy, the "bar" structure appears to be more oval-shaped. The galaxy has two ring structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 106</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

Messier 106 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. M106 is at a distance of about 22 to 25 million light-years away from Earth. M106 contains an active nucleus classified as a Type 2 Seyfert, and the presence of a central supermassive black hole has been demonstrated from radio-wavelength observations of the rotation of a disk of molecular gas orbiting within the inner light-year around the black hole. NGC 4217 is a possible companion galaxy of Messier 106. Besides the two visible arms, it has two "anomalous arms" detectable using an X-ray telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M101 Group</span> Loose group of galaxies in the constellation Ursa Major

The M101 Group is a loose group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101). Most of the other members of the group are companions of the Pinwheel Galaxy. The group itself is one of many located within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4038 Group</span> Galaxy group in the constellations Corvus and Crater

The NGC 4038 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellations Corvus and Crater. The group may contain between 13 and 27 galaxies. The group's best known galaxies are the Antennae Galaxies, a well-known interacting pair of galaxies.

The M74 Group is a small group of galaxies in the constellation Pisces. The face-on spiral galaxy M74 is the brightest galaxy within the group. Other members include the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 660 and several smaller irregular galaxies . The M74 Group is one of many galaxy groups that lie within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M109 Group</span> Galaxy group in the constellation Ursa Major

The M109 Group is a group of galaxies about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy within the group, the spiral galaxy M109.

The NGC 4631 Group is a poorly defined group of galaxies, about 25 million light-years from Earth in the Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici constellations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5866 Group</span> Group of galaxies in the constellation Draco

The NGC 5866 Group is a small group of galaxies located in the constellation Draco. The group is named after NGC 5866, the galaxy with the highest apparent magnitude in the group, although some galaxy group catalogs list NGC 5907 as the brightest member.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M51 Group</span> Galaxy cluster in constellation Canes Venatici

The M51 Group is a group of galaxies located in Canes Venatici. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51A). Other notable members include the companion galaxy to the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51B) and the Sunflower Galaxy (M63).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M96 Group</span> Galaxy group in the constellation Leo

The M96 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellation Leo. This group contains between 8 and 24 galaxies, including three Messier objects. It also contains the Leo Ring. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Supercluster</span> Closest neighboring galaxy supercluster

The Southern Supercluster is a nearby supercluster located around 19.5 Mpc (63.6 Mly) in the constellations of Cetus, Fornax, Eridanus, Horologium, and Dorado. It was first identified in 1953 by Gérard de Vaucouleurs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coma I</span> Galaxy cluster in constellation Coma Berenices

The Coma I Group is a group of galaxies located about 14.5 Mpc (47.3 Mly) away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The brightest member of the group is NGC 4725. The Coma I Group is rich in spiral galaxies while containing few elliptical and lenticular galaxies. Coma I lies in the foreground of the more distant Coma and Leo clusters and is located within the Virgo Supercluster.

The Telescopium−Grus Cloud is a galaxy filament in the constellations of Pavo, Indus, and Telescopium. It was first defined by astronomer Brent Tully in his book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas and its companion book The Nearby Galaxies Catalog.

The Southern Supercluster Strand is a galaxy filament that incompasses the Southern Supercluster and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 4182</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

IC 4182 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. The galaxy lies about 14 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that IC 4182 is approximately 30,000 light years across. It was discovered by Max Wolf in 1904.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4331</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 4331 is an irregular galaxy located 74 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 12, 1797. The galaxy is host to a black hole with an estimated mass of 4.6×105 solar masses.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement . 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv: astro-ph/0001140 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID   9618325.
  3. 1 2 3 R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0-521-35299-1.
  4. 1 2 3 "NAME CVn I Group". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2006-10-30.
  5. 1 2 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal . 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv: astro-ph/0410065 . Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368. S2CID   119385141.
  6. ↑ R. B. Tully (1982). "The Local Supercluster". Astrophysical Journal . 257: 389–422. Bibcode:1982ApJ...257..389T. doi: 10.1086/159999 .
  7. ↑ I. D. Karachentsev; M. E. Sharina; A. E. Dolphin; E. K. Grebel; D. Geisler; P. Guhathakurta; P. W. Hodge; V. E. Karachentseva; A. Sarajedini; P. Seitzer (2003). "Galaxy flow in the Canes Venatici I cloud". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 398 (2): 467–477. arXiv: astro-ph/0210414 . Bibcode:2003A&A...398..467K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021598. S2CID   6310283.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2006-11-06.
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