Messier 85

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Messier 85
Messier85 - HST - Potw1905a.jpg
Galaxy Messier 85 by Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Coma Berenices
Right ascension 12h 25m 24.0528s [1]
Declination +18° 11′ 27.888″ [1]
Redshift 729 ± 2 km/s [1]
Distance 60 ± 4 Mly (18.5 ± 1.2 Mpc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)9.1 [3]
Characteristics
Type SA(s)0+ pec [1] /E2 [4]
Size36.99 kiloparsecs (120,600 light-years) [1] [5]
(diameter; 2MASS total aperture)
Apparent size  (V)7′.1 × 5′.5 [1]
Other designations
NGC 4382, UGC 7508, PGC 40515 [1]

Messier 85 (also known as M85 or NGC 4382 or PGC 40515 or ISD 0135852) is a lenticular galaxy, or elliptical galaxy for other authors, [4] in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is 60 million light-years away, and has a diameter of about 36.99 kiloparsecs (120,600 light-years ) across. [1] [5]

Contents

Pierre Méchain discovered M85 in 1781. It is within the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster, and is relatively isolated. [6]

Properties

M85 is extremely poor in neutral hydrogen [7] and has a very complex outer structure with shells and ripples that are thought to have been caused by a merger with another galaxy that took place between 4 and 7 billion years ago, [7] as well as a relatively young (<3 billion years old) stellar population on its centermost region, some of it in a ring, that may have been created by a late starburst. [8] Like other massive, early-type galaxies, it has different populations of globular clusters. Aside from the typical "red" and "blue" populations, there is also a population with intermediate colors and an even redder population. [6] It is likely transitioning from being a lenticular galaxy into an elliptical galaxy. [6]

While indirect methods imply that Messier 85 should contain a central supermassive black hole of around 100 million solar masses, [9] velocity dispersion observations imply that the galaxy may entirely lack a central massive black hole. [10]

M85 is interacting with the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4394, and a small elliptical galaxy called MCG 3-32-38. [11]

Compared to other early-type galaxies, M85 emits a relatively smaller proportion of X-rays. [6]

Novae and Supernovae

Two supernovae and one luminous red nova have been observed in M85:

Location of M85 M85map.png
Location of M85

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Messier 85. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  2. ↑ J. L. Tonry; A.Dressler; J. P. Blakeslee; E. A. Ajhar; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal . 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv: astro-ph/0011223 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301. S2CID   17628238.
  3. ↑ "Messier 85". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  4. 1 2 Kormendy, John; Fisher, David B.; Cornell, Mark E.; Bender, Ralf (2009). "Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement . 182 (1): 216–309. arXiv: 0810.1681 . Bibcode:2009ApJS..182..216K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/216. S2CID   119273143.
  5. 1 2 Jarrett, T. H.; Chester, T.; Cutri, R.; Schneider, S. E.; Huchra, J. P. (2003). "The 2MASS Large Galaxy Atlas". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (2): 525. Bibcode:2003AJ....125..525J. doi:10.1086/345794.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Escudero, Carlos G.; Cortesi, Arianna; Faifer, Favio R.; Sesto, Leandro A.; Smith Castelli, Analía V.; Johnston, Evelyn J.; Reynaldi, Victoria; Chies-Santos, Ana L.; Salinas, Ricardo; Menéndez-Delmestre, Karín; Gonçalves, Thiago S.; Grossi, Marco; Mendes De Oliveira, Claudia (2022). "The complex globular cluster system of the S0 galaxy NGC 4382 in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511 (1): 393–412. arXiv: 2201.01759 . Bibcode:2022MNRAS.511..393E. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac021 .
  7. 1 2 Hibbard, J. E.; Sansom, A. E. (2003). "A Search for H I in Five Elliptical Galaxies with Fine Structure". The Astronomical Journal . 125 (2): 667–683. arXiv: astro-ph/0211003 . Bibcode:2003AJ....125..667H. doi:10.1086/345822. S2CID   14748737.
  8. ↑ Fisher, David; Franx, Marijn; Illingworth, Garth (1996). "Line Strengths and Line-Strength Gradients in S0 Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal . 459 (1): 110. Bibcode:1996ApJ...459..110F. doi:10.1086/176873.
  9. ↑ Kormendy, John; Bender, Ralf (2009). "Correlations between Supermassive Black Holes, Velocity Dispersions, and Mass Deficits in Elliptical Galaxies with Cores". Astrophysical Journal Letters . 691 (2): L142 –L146. arXiv: 0901.3778 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...691L.142K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142. S2CID   18919128.
  10. ↑ Gultekin, Kayhan; Richstone, Douglas O.; et al. (2011). "Is There a Black Hole in NGC 4382?". Astrophysical Journal . 741 (1): L142 –L146. arXiv: 1108.1808 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...38G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/38. S2CID   411264.
  11. ↑ "M85, Lenticular Galaxy". Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  12. ↑ Bishop, David. "Other Supernovae images, entry for SN 1960R". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  13. ↑ Thernoe, K. A. (23 January 1961). "Circular No. 1750". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  14. ↑ Kulkarni, S. R.; Ofek, E. O.; Rau, A.; Cenko, S. B.; et al. (2007). "An unusually brilliant transient in the galaxy M85". Nature . 447 (7143): 458–460. arXiv: 0705.3668 . Bibcode:2007Natur.447..458K. doi:10.1038/nature05822. PMID   17522679. S2CID   4300285.
  15. ↑ "SN 2020nlb". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  16. ↑ Townsend, A.; Smith, K. W.; Srivastav, S.; McBrien, O.; Smartt, S. J.; Gillanders, J.; Clark, P.; Fulton, M.; O'Neill, D.; Young, D. R.; McCollum, M.; Chen, T. W.; Anderson, J.; Denneau, L.; Flewelling, H.; Heinze, A.; Tonry, J.; Weiland, H.; Stalder, B.; Rest, A.; Wright, D. E. (2020). "ATLAS20qoq (AT2020nlb): Discovery of a candidate SN in MESSIER 85 (17 MPC)". Transient Name Server Astronote. 126: 1. Bibcode:2020TNSAN.126....1T.
  17. ↑ Bishop, David. "Supernova 2020nlb in M85". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
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