NGC 4328

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NGC 4328
NGC4328 - SDSS DR14.jpg
SDSS image of NGC 4328.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Coma Berenices
Right ascension 12h 23m 20.0s [1]
Declination 15° 49′ 13″ [1]
Redshift 0.001616 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 484 km/s [1]
Distance 48.4  Mly (14.84  Mpc) [2]
Group or cluster Virgo Cluster (A subgroup) [3]
Apparent magnitude  (V)14.3 [1]
Characteristics
Type dE1 N, [4] SA0- [1]
Mass 2.7×109 (Stellar mass)/5.6×109 (Total Mass) [5]   M☉
Size~32,000  ly (9.81  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Apparent size  (V)1.22 × 0.98 [1]
Other designations
PGC 040209, VCC 0634, MCG +03-32-019 [1]

NGC 4328 is a nucleated dwarf elliptical [6] [4] [7] or lenticular galaxy [8] [9] located about 48 million light-years away based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope using the TRGB distance indicator. [2] NGC 4328 was discovered on March 21, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel [10] and is a member of the Virgo Cluster [3] [11] in the "A'' subgroup. [3] On the sky, NGC 4328 is located in the constellation Coma Berenices. [10]

Contents

NGC 4328 is a companion of Messier 100, along with NGC 4323 and lies 78,000 light-years (24 kiloparsecs ) from Messier 100. [12] [13] A possible passage of NGC 4328 close to Messier 100, may explain the lopsidedness in the southwestern portion of Messier 100. However, there are no strong signs of interactions in the H I distribution of Messier 100 which may be due to an interaction between the two galaxies. Despite this, rescent observations are too shallow to detect tidal streams in the H I distribution of Messier 100 caused by a possible interaction between the two galaxies. [14]

NGC 4328 is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 6.1×106 solar masses. [15]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Local Group</span> Group of galaxies that includes the Milky Way

The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly 3 megaparsecs (10 million light-years; 9×1019 kilometres), and a total mass of the order of 2×1012 solar masses (4×1042 kg). It consists of two collections of galaxies in a "dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way and its satellites form one lobe, and the Andromeda Galaxy and its satellites constitute the other. The two collections are separated by about 800 kiloparsecs (3×10^6 ly; 2×1019 km) and are moving toward one another with a velocity of 123 km/s. The group itself is a part of the larger Virgo Supercluster, which may be a part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The exact number of galaxies in the Local Group is unknown as some are occluded by the Milky Way; however, at least 80 members are known, most of which are dwarf galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1427</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1427 is a low-luminosity elliptical galaxy located approximately 71 million light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by John Frederick William Herschel on November 28, 1837. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster. The galaxy has a stellar mass of 7.9 × 1010M☉, and a total mass of 9.4 × 1010M☉. However, the mass of the dark matter halo surrounding the galaxy is around 4.3 × 1012M☉.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4309</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4309 is a lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Christian Peters in 1881 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4323</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4607</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4607 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4607 was discovered by astronomer R. J. Mitchell on April 24, 1854. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4660</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4660 is an elliptical galaxy located about 63 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3311</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3311 is a super-giant elliptical galaxy located about 190 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 30, 1835. NGC 3311 is the brightest member of the Hydra Cluster and forms a pair with NGC 3309 which along with NGC 3311, dominate the central region of the Hydra Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1270</span> Galaxy in the constellation Perseus

NGC 1270 is an elliptical galaxy located about 250 million light-years away in the constellation Perseus. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on February 14, 1863. NGC 1270 is a member of the Perseus Cluster and has an estimated age of about 11 billion years. However, Greene et al. puts the age of NGC 1270 at about 15.0 ± 0.50 Gy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4298</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4298 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4306</span> Dwarf barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4306 is a dwarf barred lenticular galaxy located about 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on April 16, 1865. Although considered to be a member of the Virgo Cluster, its high radial velocity and similar distance as NGC 4305 suggest that NGC 4306 is a background galaxy. NGC 4306 is a companion of NGC 4305 and appears to be interacting with it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4318</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4318 is a small lenticular galaxy located about 72 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828. NGC 4318 is a member of the Virgo W′ group, a group of galaxies in the background of the Virgo Cluster that is centered on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4365.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1460</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1460 is a barred lenticular galaxy with a peanut-shaped bar approximately 65 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on November 28, 1837. It is a member of the Fornax cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4326</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4326 is a barred spiral galaxy with a ring located about 330 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 13, 1784, who described it as "vF, S, R, bM, 1st of 3". It is a large galaxy, with a diameter of around 200,000 ly (61 kpc) making it nearly twice the size of the Milky Way. NGC 4326 is also classified as a LINER galaxy. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster catalog as VCC 623, it is not a member of the Virgo Cluster but instead a background galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4325</span> Galaxy

NGC 4325 is an elliptical galaxy located about 330 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on April 15, 1865, who described it as "vF, vS, iR, nf of 2". Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster catalog as VCC 616, it is not a member of the Virgo Cluster but instead a background galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4310</span> Dwarf spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4310 is a dwarf spiral galaxy with a dust lane and ring structure located about 54 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 11, 1785. It was rediscovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on May 19, 1863, and was later listed as NGC 4338. The galaxy is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 107 solar masses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1373</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1373 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy located 61 millon light years away in constellation of Fornax. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on November 29, 1837, and is a member of the Fornax Cluster. NGC 1373 is a host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 4.6 millon solar masses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1396</span> Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Fornax

NGC 1396 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy located 61 millon light years away in the constellation of Fornax. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer Julius Schmidt on January 19, 1865, and is a member of the Fornax Cluster. Despite the fact that the galaxy PGC 13398 is most commonly identified as NGC 1396, there is uncertainty in its identification.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4328. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  2. 1 2 Anand, Gagandeep S.; Lee, Janice C.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Leroy, Adam K.; Rosolowsky, Erik; Schinnerer, Eva; Larson, Kirsten; Kourkchi, Ehsan; Kreckel, Kathryn; Scheuermann, Fabian; Rizzi, Luca; Thilker, David; Tully, R. Brent; Bigiel, Frank; Blanc, Guillermo A. (2021-03-01). "Distances to PHANGS galaxies: New tip of the red giant branch measurements and adopted distances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 501 (3): 3621–3639. arXiv: 2012.00757 . Bibcode:2021MNRAS.501.3621A. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3668 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  3. 1 2 3 Boselli, A.; Gavazzi, G. (April 2002). "H α surface photometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster: II. Observations with the OHP and Calar Alto 1.2 m telescopes". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 386 (1): 124–133. Bibcode:2002A&A...386..124B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020215. ISSN   0004-6361.
  4. 1 2 Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S., III; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2001-10-01). "Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. I. Dynamics and the Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 559 (2): 791–811. arXiv: astro-ph/0105492 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...559..791C. doi:10.1086/322373. ISSN   0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Ivkovich, Nina; McCall, Marshall L. (2019-06-01). "Denuded dwarfs demystified: gas loss from dSph progenitors and implications for the minimum mass of galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (2): 1964–1984. arXiv: 1903.10141 . Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.1964I. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz895 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. ↑ Malin, D. (1992-01-01). "New colour images of dwarf galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 10 (1): 84. Bibcode:1992PASA...10...84M. ISSN   0066-9997.
  7. ↑ Chilingarian, Igor V. (2009-04-01). "Evolution of dwarf early-type galaxies - I. Spatially resolved stellar populations and internal kinematics of Virgo cluster dE/dS0 galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 394 (3): 1229–1248. arXiv: 0812.3272 . Bibcode:2009MNRAS.394.1229C. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14450.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  8. ↑ Buta, Ronald J.; Sheth, Kartik; Athanassoula, E.; Bosma, A.; Knapen, Johan H.; Laurikainen, Eija; Salo, Heikki; Elmegreen, Debra; Ho, Luis C.; Zaritsky, Dennis; Courtois, Helene; Hinz, Joannah L.; Muñoz-Mateos, Juan-Carlos; Kim, Taehyun; Regan, Michael W. (2015-04-24). "A CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GALAXIES IN THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S 4 G)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 217 (2): 32. arXiv: 1501.00454 . Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...32B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/32. hdl:1887/48507. ISSN   1538-4365.
  9. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  10. 1 2 "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  11. ↑ "Detailed Object Classifications". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  12. ↑ Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). "On the Relevance of the Tremaine-Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)". The Astrophysical Journal. 632 (1): 253–265. arXiv: astro-ph/0505384 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...632..253H. doi: 10.1086/431964 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  13. ↑ Urrejola-Mora, Catalina; Gómez, Facundo A.; Torres-Flores, Sergio; Amram, Philippe; Epinat, Benoît; Monachesi, Antonela; Marinacci, Federico; de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes (2022-08-01). "WiNDS: An H α Kinematics Survey of Nearby Spiral Galaxies—Vertical Perturbations in Nearby Disk-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (1): 20. arXiv: 2206.10051 . doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac78ec . ISSN   0004-637X.
  14. ↑ Gim, Hansung B.; Borthakur, Sanchayeeta; Momjian, Emmanuel; Padave, Mansi; Jansen, Rolf A.; Nelson, Dylan; Heckman, Timothy M.; Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr.; Fox, Andrew J.; Pineda, Jorge L.; Thilker, David; Kauffmann, Guinevere; Tumlinson, Jason (2021-11-01). "DIISC-I: The Discovery of Kinematically Anomalous H I Clouds in M 100". The Astrophysical Journal. 922 (1): 69. arXiv: 2109.06247 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...922...69G. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2303 . ISSN   0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ Arzoumanian, Zaven; Baker, Paul T.; Brazier, Adam; Brook, Paul R.; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah; Becsy, Bence; Charisi, Maria; Chatterjee, Shami; Cordes, James M.; Cornish, Neil J.; Crawford, Fronefield; Cromartie, H. Thankful; DeCesar, Megan E.; Demorest, Paul B.; Dolch, Timothy (2021-06-01). "The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 914 (2): 121. arXiv: 2101.02716 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...914..121A. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abfcd3 . ISSN   0004-637X.
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