NGC 4294

Last updated
NGC 4294
NGC4294 - SDSS DR14.jpg
SDSS image of NGC 4294
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 21m 17.8s [1]
Declination 11° 30′ 38″ [1]
Redshift 0.001184 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 355 km/s [1]
Distance 55  Mly (17  Mpc) [1]
Group or cluster Virgo Cluster
Apparent magnitude  (V)12.5 [1]
Characteristics
Type SB(s)cd [1]
Size~52,000  ly (16  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Apparent size  (V)3.2 x 1.2 [1]
Other designations
KCPG 330B, VCC 465, IRAS 12187+1147, UGC 7407, MCG +02-32-009, PGC 39925, CGCG 70-24, SDSS J122117.82+113037.6 [1]

NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy [2] with flocculent spiral arms [3] located about 55 million light-years away [2] in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 [4] and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

NGC 4294 appears to be undergoing ram-pressure [8] [9] stripping edge-on. [8]

Physical characteristics

NGC 4294 hosts many H II regions. [10] [3]

Interaction with NGC 4299

NGC 4294 appears to be in a pair with NGC 4299 [11] [12] [10] [13] [9] [14] [15] and may be possibly tidally interacting. [11] [12] [10] [13] [3] [9] [14] [15]

Effects of a tidal interaction on NGC 4294 are evident as the galaxy has a disturbed optical and HI morphology, [12] [10] a high global star formation rate, [13] [3] and has an observed asymmetry in polarized radio continuum emission. [15]

HI tail

Chung et al. identified that NGC 4294 has a one sided [16] [17] 88,000  ly (27  kpc ) tail of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI). [9] [18] The tail points to the southwest [16] [14] and appears to be a result of ram-pressure. [18] [19] [9] The tail has no optical counterpart [9] [16] and is oriented parallel to the HI tail found in NGC 4299. [16]

As the tail has no optical counterpart, this makes the probability of the tail being caused by tidal interaction low. However, NGC 4299 lies 88,000  ly (27  kpc ) from NGC 4294 and the two galaxies have almost the same velocity, with a difference of 120 km/s. This means that the scenario of the tail originating from a tidal interaction cannot be ruled out entirely. [9]

Black Hole

NGC 4294 may harbor an intermediate-mass black hole with an estimated mass ranging from 3,000 (3*10^3) to 20,000 (2*10^4) solar masses. [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4216</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4216 is a metal-rich intermediate spiral galaxy located not far from the center of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, roughly 55 million light-years away. It is seen nearly edge-on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eyes Galaxies</span> Pair of galaxies in the constellation Virgo

The Eyes Galaxies are a pair of galaxies about 52 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The pair are members of the string of galaxies known as Markarian's Chain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4536</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4536 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo located about 10° south of the midpoint of the Virgo cluster. However, it is not considered a member of the cluster. Rather, it is a member of the M61 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. The morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(rs)bc, which indicates it is a weakly barred spiral galaxy with a hint of an inner ring structure plus moderate to loosely wound arms. It does not have a classical bulge around the nucleus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4323</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4323 is a lenticular or dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer Wilhelm Tempel and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4388</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4388 is an active spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered April 17, 1784 by Wilhelm Herschel. This galaxy is located at a distance of 57 million light years and is receding with a radial velocity of 2,524km/s. It is one of the brightest galaxies of the Virgo Cluster due to its luminous nucleus. NGC 4388 is located 1.3° to the west of the cluster center, which translates to a projected distance of ≈400 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4457</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4457 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy, a class of active galaxy defined by their spectral line emissions. NGC 4457 Is inclined by about 33°. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 23, 1784. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog as VCC 1145, NGC 4457 is a member of the Virgo II Groups which form an extension of the Virgo cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4522</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4522 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away within the Virgo Cluster in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4522 is losing its molecular gas though ram-pressure stripping as it plows though the cluster at a speed of more than 10 million kilometres per hour. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4586</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4586 is a spiral galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786. Although listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog, NGC 4586 is considered to be a member of the Virgo II Groups which form a southern extension of the Virgo cluster. NGC 4586 is currently in the process of infalling into the Virgo Cluster and is predicted to enter the cluster in about 500 million years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4607</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4607 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4607 was discovered by astronomer R. J. Mitchell on April 24, 1854. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4660</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4660 is an elliptical galaxy located about 63 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coma I</span> Galaxy cluster in constellation Coma Berenices

The Coma I Group is a group of galaxies located about 14.5 Mpc (47.3 Mly) away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The brightest member of the group is NGC 4725. The Coma I Group is rich in spiral galaxies while containing few elliptical and lenticular galaxies. Coma I lies in the foreground of the more distant Coma and Leo clusters and is located within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3311</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3311 is a super-giant elliptical galaxy located about 190 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 30, 1835. NGC 3311 is the brightest member of the Hydra Cluster and forms a pair with NGC 3309 which along with NGC 3311, dominate the central region of the Hydra Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4222</span> Edge-on spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4222 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is often misidentified as IC 3087. NGC 4222 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and is a companion of NGC 4216 which lies about 180,000 ly (56 kpc) away. Despite this, the two galaxies are not interacting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4061</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4061 is an elliptical galaxy located 310 light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785. It was rediscovered by John Herschel on April 29, 1832. It is listed both as NGC 4061 and NGC 4055. NGC 4061 is a member of the NGC 4065 Group and forms an interacting pair with its companion, NGC 4065 as evidenced by distortions in their optical isophotes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4298</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4298 is a flocculent spiral galaxy located about 53 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4299</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4299 is a featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4305</span> Dwarf spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4305 is a dwarf spiral galaxy located about 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on May 2, 1829. Although considered to be a member of the Virgo Cluster, its high radial velocity and blue luminosity suggest it is in fact a background galaxy. The galaxy has a nearby major companion; NGC 4306.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4307</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4307 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 65 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Christian Peters in 1881 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster. It is also a LINER galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Results for NGC 4294". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
  2. 1 2 "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Fathi, K.; Beckman, J. E.; Piñol-Ferrer, N.; Hernandez, O.; Martínez-Valpuesta, I.; Carignan, C. (2009-10-20). "PATTERN SPEEDS OF BARS AND SPIRAL ARMS FROM Hα VELOCITY FIELDS". The Astrophysical Journal. 704 (2): 1657–1675. arXiv: 0909.1816 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...704.1657F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/704/2/1657. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   118625116.
  4. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4250 - 4299". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2018-08-14.
  5. ↑ Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (September 1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II - A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area. V - Luminosity functions of Virgo Cluster galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 90: 1681. Bibcode:1985AJ.....90.1681B. doi:10.1086/113874. ISSN   0004-6256.
  6. ↑ R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-35299-4.
  7. ↑ "Detailed Object Classifications". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  8. 1 2 Mei, S.; Gwyn, S. D. J.; Cuillandre, J.-C.; Côté, P.; Ferrarese, L.; Cucciati, O.; Voyer, E.; Heinis, S.; Driel, W. van (2012-09-01). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS) - II. Constraints on star formation in ram-pressure stripped gas". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A142. arXiv: 1209.0272 . Bibcode:2012A&A...545A.142B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219957. ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   44781835.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01). "Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6): 1741–1816. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1741C. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Smith, Beverly J.; Madden, Suzanne C. (1997-07-01). "Interstellar Gas in Low Mass Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 114: 138–146. arXiv: astro-ph/9704135 . Bibcode:1997AJ....114..138S. doi:10.1086/118460. ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   14627848.
  11. 1 2 Dickel, J. R.; Rood, H. J. (1980-08-01). "The dynamics of some binary galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 85: 1003–1009. Bibcode:1980AJ.....85.1003D. doi:10.1086/112763. ISSN   0004-6256.
  12. 1 2 3 Warmels, R. H. (1988-01-01). "The H I properties of spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. I - Westerbork observations of 15 Virgo Cluster galaxies. II - One-dimensional Westerbork observations of 21 galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 72: 19–87. Bibcode:1988A&AS...72...19W. ISSN   0365-0138.
  13. 1 2 3 Koopmann, Rebecca A.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P. (2004-10-01). "Halpha Morphologies and Environmental Effects in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (2): 866–885. arXiv: astro-ph/0406243 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...613..866K. doi:10.1086/423191. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   17519217.
  14. 1 2 3 Vlahakis, C.; Verstappen, J.; Smith, M. W. L.; Pohlen, M.; Grossi, M.; Fritz, J.; Looze, I. De; Clemens, M.; Ciesla, L. (2012-09-01). "The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XI. Environmental effects on molecular gas and dust in spiral disks". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 545: A75. arXiv: 1207.5051 . Bibcode:2012A&A...545A..75P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219689. ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   53701670.
  15. 1 2 3 Kenney, J. D. P.; Otmianowska-Mazur, K.; Chyzy, K. T.; Urbanik, M.; Chung, A.; Beck, R.; Soida, M.; Vollmer, B. (2013-04-04). "Large-scale radio continuum properties of 19 Virgo cluster galaxies The influence of tidal interactions, ram pressure stripping, and accreting gas envelopes". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 553: A116. arXiv: 1304.1279 . Bibcode:2013A&A...553A.116V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321163. S2CID   119190841.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Vollmer, Bernd (2007-04-20). "Virgo Galaxies with Long One-Sided HI Tails". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): L115–L119. arXiv: astro-ph/0703338 . Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L.115C. doi:10.1086/518034. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   13021118.
  17. ↑ Holwerda, B. W.; Pirzkal, N.; de Blok, W. J. G.; van Driel, W. (2011-10-01). "Quantified HI Morphology V: HI Disks in the Virgo Cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 416 (4): 2447–2454. arXiv: 1104.3305 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.416.2447H. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18662.x . S2CID   119285975.
  18. 1 2 Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Elmegreen, Debra Meloy (2010-10-20). "Tadpole Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 722 (2): 1895–1907. arXiv: 1009.1530 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...722.1895E. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1895. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   119167225.
  19. ↑ Falcón-Barroso, Jesús; Knapen, Johan H. (2013-09-02). Secular Evolution of Galaxies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-107-03527-0.
  20. ↑ Davis, Benjamin L.; Soria, Roberto; Graham, Alister W. (2019). "Expected intermediate mass black holes in the Virgo cluster. II. Late-type galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 484 (1): 814. arXiv: 1811.03232 . Bibcode:2019MNRAS.484..814G. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty3068 . S2CID   119303249.
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