NGC 4214

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NGC 4214
NGC 4214.jpg
NGC 4214 in Optical and near-infrared, imaged by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Canes Venatici
Right ascension 12h 15m 39.17s [1]
Declination +36° 19′ 36.8″ [1]
Redshift 0.000971 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 291±1 km/s [1]
Distance 9.72 ± 0.82  Mly (2.979 ± 0.252  Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.2 [1]
Characteristics
Type IAB(s)m [1]
Size~31,100  ly (9.53  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Apparent size  (V)8.4′ × 6.6′ [1]
Other designations
KUG 1213+366, IRAS 12131+3636, NGC 4228, UGC 7278, MCG 6-27-42, PGC 39225, CGCG 187-32 [1]

NGC 4214 is a dwarf barred irregular galaxy located around 10 million light-years [2] away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered on 28 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. [3] NGC 4214 is a member of the M94 Group.

Contents

Characteristics

Amateur image of NGC 4214 NGC4214 JeffJohnson.jpg
Amateur image of NGC 4214

NGC 4214 is both larger and brighter than the Small Magellanic Cloud [4] as well as a starburst galaxy, with the largest star-forming regions (NGC 4214-I and NGC 4214-II) in the galaxy's center. Of the two, NGC 4214-I contains a super star cluster rich in Wolf–Rayet stars and NGC 4214-II is younger (age less than 3 million years), including a number of star clusters and stellar associations. [5]

NGC 4214 also has two older super star clusters, both with an age of 200 million years and respective masses of 2.6×105 and 1.5×106 solar masses. [6]

Two satellites are known to exist around the vicinity of NGC 4214. One is DDO 113, which has an absolute V-band magnitude of −12.2. It stopped star formation around 1 billion years ago. Another, more recently discovered object is MADCASH-2, officially named MADCASH J121007+352635-dw. The name refers to the MADCASH (Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions and Stellar Halos) project. It is similar to typical ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −9.15, except in that it shows evidence of multiple episodes of star formation in its recent past: one around 400 million years ago, and another 1.5 billion years ago. [7]

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4214: SN 1954A (type Ib, mag. 9.8) was discovered by Paul Wild on 30 May 1954. [8] [Note: some sources incorrectly list the discovery date as 10 April 1954.] [9] In addition, the galaxy has hosted one luminous blue variable: SN 2010U (type LBV, mag. 16) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 February 2010. [10] [11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4214. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  2. ↑ "Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory". ESA/Hubble Photo Release. ESA/Hubble. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4214". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  4. ↑ Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2003). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi: 10.1086/382905 .
  5. ↑ Ubeda, L.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; MacKenty, J. W. (2004). H.J.G.L.M. Lamers; L.J. Smith; A. Nota (eds.). "Massive Young Star Clusters in NGC 4214". The Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, ASP Conference Series. 322: 221. Bibcode:2004ASPC..322..221U.
  6. ↑ Larsen, Søren S.; Brodie, Jean P.; Hunter, Deidre A. (2004). "Dynamical Mass Estimates for Five Young Massive Stellar Clusters". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (5): 2295–2305. arXiv: astro-ph/0407373 . Bibcode:2004AJ....128.2295L. doi:10.1086/424538. S2CID   36220968.
  7. ↑ Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Crnojević, Denija; Garling, Christopher T.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Tollerud, Erik; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan R.; Lim, Sungsoon; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Sand, David J.; Spekkens, Kristine; Strader, Jay (2021). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH". The Astrophysical Journal. 909 (2): 211. arXiv: 2012.09174 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...909..211C. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe040 . S2CID   229297953.
  8. ↑ Hansen, Julie M. Vinter (4 June 1954). "Circular No. 1453". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ↑ "SN 1954A". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "SN 2010U". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  11. ↑ Marion, G. H.; Vinko, J.; Wheeler, J. C.; Shetrone, M. (2010). "Supernova 2010U in NGC 4214". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (2163): 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2163....1M.
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