NGC 4214

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NGC 4214
NGC 4214.jpg
NGC 4214 in Optical and near-infrared, imaged by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Canes Venatici
Right ascension 12h 15m 39.17s [1]
Declination +36° 19′ 36.8″ [1]
Redshift 0.000971 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 291±1 km/s [1]
Distance 9.72 ± 0.82  Mly (2.979 ± 0.252  Mpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.2 [1]
Characteristics
Type IAB(s)m [1]
Size~31,100  ly (9.53  kpc) (estimated) [1]
Apparent size  (V)8.4′ × 6.6′ [1]
Other designations
KUG 1213+366, IRAS 12131+3636, NGC 4228, UGC 7278, MCG 6-27-42, PGC 39225, CGCG 187-32 [1]

NGC 4214 is a dwarf barred irregular galaxy located around 10 million light-years [2] away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered on 28 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. [3] NGC 4214 is a member of the M94 Group.

Contents

Characteristics

Amateur image of NGC 4214 NGC4214 JeffJohnson.jpg
Amateur image of NGC 4214

NGC 4214 is both larger and brighter than the Small Magellanic Cloud [4] as well as a starburst galaxy, with the largest star-forming regions (NGC 4214-I and NGC 4214-II) in the galaxy's center. Of the two, NGC 4214-I contains a super star cluster rich in Wolf–Rayet stars and NGC 4214-II is younger (age less than 3 million years), including a number of star clusters and stellar associations. [5]

NGC 4214 also has two older super star clusters, both with an age of 200 million years and respective masses of 2.6×105 and 1.5×106 solar masses. [6]

Two satellites are known to exist around the vicinity of NGC 4214. One is DDO 113, which has an absolute V-band magnitude of −12.2. It stopped star formation around 1 billion years ago. Another, more recently discovered object is MADCASH-2, officially named MADCASH J121007+352635-dw. The name refers to the MADCASH (Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions and Stellar Halos) project. It is similar to typical ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −9.15, except in that it shows evidence of multiple episodes of star formation in its recent past: one around 400 million years ago, and another 1.5 billion years ago. [7]

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4214: SN 1954A (type Ib, mag. 9.8) was discovered by Paul Wild on 30 May 1954. [8] [Note: some sources incorrectly list the discovery date as 10 April 1954.] [9] In addition, the galaxy has hosted one luminous blue variable: SN 2010U (type LBV, mag. 16) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 February 2010. [10] [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1569</span> Galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6822</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1316</span> Lenticular radio galaxy in the constellation Fornax

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6744</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pavo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2207 and IC 2163</span> Pair of colliding spiral galaxies in the constellation Canis Major

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5253</span> Irregular galaxy in the M83 group of galaxies

NGC 5253 is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Centaurus. It was discovered by William Herschel on 15 March 1787.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4618</span> Distorted dwarf barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4618 is a distorted barred dwarf galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. The galaxy is formally classified as a Sm galaxy, which means that its structure vaguely resembles the structure of spiral galaxies. The galaxy is sometimes referred to as a Magellanic spiral because of its resemblance to the Magellanic clouds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4449</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4449, also known as Caldwell 21, is an irregular Magellanic type galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici, being located about 13 million light-years away. It is part of the M94 Group or Canes Venatici I Group that is relatively close to the Local Group hosting our Milky Way galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5584</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5584 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered July 27, 1881 by American astronomer E. E. Barnard. Distance determination using Cepheid variable measurements gives an estimate of 75 million light years, whereas the tip of the red-giant branch approach yields a distance of 73.4 million light years. It is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,637 km/s. It is a member of the Virgo III Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 922</span> Peculiar galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 922 is a peculiar galaxy in the southern constellation of Fornax. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2879 ± 15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 138.5 ± 9.7 Mly (42.46 ± 2.98 Mpc). Additionally, 17 non-redshift measurements give a distance of 138.88 ± 7.47 Mly (42.582 ± 2.291 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 17 November 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 299</span> Open star cluster in the constellation Tucana

NGC 299 is an open cluster of stars in the main body of the Small Magellanic Cloud – a nearby dwarf galaxy. It is located in the southern constellation of Tucana, just under 200,000 light years distant from the Sun. The cluster was discovered on August 12, 1834, by English astronomer John Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6621</span> Interacting galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 6621 is an interacting spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco. It lies at a distance of about 260 million light-years. NGC 6621 interacts with NGC 6622, with their closest approach having taken place about 100 million years ago. The pair was discovered by Edward D. Swift and Lewis A. Swift on June 2, 1885. Originally NGC 6621 was assigned to the southeast galaxy, but now it refers to the northern one. NGC 6621 and NGC 6622 are included in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 81 in the category "spiral galaxies with large high surface brightness companions".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4589</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 4589 is an elliptical galaxy located in the Draco constellation. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on November 22, 1797. This galaxy lies at a distance of 73.0 million light-years (22.39 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 2,002 km/s. It is known by its designations PGC 42139 or UGC 7797.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4214. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  2. ↑ "Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory". ESA/Hubble Photo Release. ESA/Hubble. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4214". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  4. ↑ Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2003). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi: 10.1086/382905 .
  5. ↑ Ubeda, L.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; MacKenty, J. W. (2004). H.J.G.L.M. Lamers; L.J. Smith; A. Nota (eds.). "Massive Young Star Clusters in NGC 4214". The Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, ASP Conference Series. 322: 221. Bibcode:2004ASPC..322..221U.
  6. ↑ Larsen, Søren S.; Brodie, Jean P.; Hunter, Deidre A. (2004). "Dynamical Mass Estimates for Five Young Massive Stellar Clusters". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (5): 2295–2305. arXiv: astro-ph/0407373 . Bibcode:2004AJ....128.2295L. doi:10.1086/424538. S2CID   36220968.
  7. ↑ Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Crnojević, Denija; Garling, Christopher T.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Tollerud, Erik; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan R.; Lim, Sungsoon; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Sand, David J.; Spekkens, Kristine; Strader, Jay (2021). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH". The Astrophysical Journal. 909 (2): 211. arXiv: 2012.09174 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...909..211C. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe040 . S2CID   229297953.
  8. ↑ Hansen, Julie M. Vinter (4 June 1954). "Circular No. 1453". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ↑ "SN 1954A". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  10. ↑ "SN 2010U". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  11. ↑ Marion, G. H.; Vinko, J.; Wheeler, J. C.; Shetrone, M. (2010). "Supernova 2010U in NGC 4214". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2163: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2163....1M.
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