NGC 4535

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NGC 4535
NGC 4535 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.png
NGC 4535 imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Virgo
Right ascension 12h 34m 20.310s [1]
Declination +08° 11′ 51.94″ [1]
Redshift 0.006551±0.000002 [2]
Heliocentric radial velocity +1,962 [3] km/s
Distance 54.14 ± 1.76 Mly (16.60 ± 0.54 Mpc) [4]
Group or cluster Virgo Cluster
Apparent magnitude  (B)10.73 [5]
Absolute magnitude  (V)–21.42 ± 0.09 [4]
Characteristics
Type SAB(s)c [6]
Size~115,300  ly (35.34  kpc) (estimated) [2]
Apparent size  (V)11.8′ × 11.0′ [7]
Other designations
The Lost Galaxy, HOLM 420A, IRAS 12318+0828, UGC 7727, MCG +01-32-104, PGC 41812, CGCG 042-159

NGC 4535 is a barred spiral galaxy located some 54 million light years from Earth [4] in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 28 December 1785. [8] [9] Due to its low surface brightness, it has been called "The Lost Galaxy." [2] [9]

Contents

NGC 4535 and NGC 4535A are listed together as Holm 420 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. [10] However, at a distance of about 369.6  Mly (113.33  Mpc ), [11] NGC 4535A is much further away, so the grouping is purely an optical alignment.

NGC 4535 is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and is located 4.3° from Messier 87. The galactic plane of NGC 4535 is inclined by an angle of 43° to the line of sight from the Earth. [5] The morphological classification of NGC 4535 in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(s)c, [6] which indicates a bar structure across the core (SAB), no ring (s), and loosely wound spiral arms (c). The inner part of the galaxy has two spiral arms, which branch into multiple arms further away. The small [7] nucleus is of type HII, meaning the spectrum resembles that of an H II region. [6]

In 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope observed Cepheid variable stars in NGC 4535. The period-luminosity relationship for these objects yielded a distance modulus of 31.02 ± 0.26 magnitude. This corresponded to a physical distance estimate of 52.2 ± 6.2 Mly (16.0 ± 1.9) Mpc, which was consistent with distance estimates for other members of the Virgo Cluster. [12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi: 10.1086/498708 . ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   18913331.
  2. 1 2 3 "Results for object NGC 4535". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech . Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  3. ↑ Crook, Aidan C.; et al. (February 2007), "Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey", The Astrophysical Journal, 655 (2): 790–813, arXiv: astro-ph/0610732 , Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..790C, doi:10.1086/510201, S2CID   11672751.
  4. 1 2 3 Gurovich, Sebastián; et al. (September 2010), "The Slope of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (3): 663–676, arXiv: 1004.4365 , Bibcode:2010AJ....140..663G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/663, S2CID   118666841. See Table 2.
  5. 1 2 Vollmer, B.; et al. (March 2010), "The influence of the cluster environment on the large-scale radio continuum emission of 8 Virgo cluster spirals", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 512: A36, arXiv: 1001.3597 , Bibcode:2010A&A...512A..36V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913591, S2CID   56003345.
  6. 1 2 3 Boquien, M.; et al. (March 2012), "The IRX-β relation on subgalactic scales in star-forming galaxies of the Herschel Reference Survey", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 539: A145, arXiv: 1201.2405 , Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.145B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118624, hdl:1854/LU-3001157, S2CID   6040382.
  7. 1 2 Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, 232, ISBN   978-0521820486.
  8. ↑ Herschel, W. (1789). "Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1789.0021 .
  9. 1 2 Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4535". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  10. ↑ Holmberg, Erik (1937). "A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems". Annals of the Observatory of Lund. 6: 1. Bibcode:1937AnLun...6....1H.
  11. ↑ "Results for object NGC 4535A". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech . Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  12. ↑ Macri, L. M.; et al. (August 1999), "The Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project. XVIII. The Discovery of Cepheids and a New Distance to NGC 4535 Using the Hubble Space Telescope", The Astrophysical Journal, 521 (1): 155–178, arXiv: astro-ph/9901332 , Bibcode:1999ApJ...521..155M, doi:10.1086/307541, S2CID   119352682.
  13. ↑ "Colours of the Lost Galaxy". esahubble.org/. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
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