NGC 4138

Last updated • 1 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
NGC 4138
NGC 4138 547nm.jpg
Image of NGC 4138 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in green light (547 nm).
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Canes Venatici
Right ascension 12h 09m 29.788s [1]
Declination +43° 41′ 07.14″ [1]
Redshift 0.002962 [2]
Heliocentric radial velocity 872 [3]
Distance 52  Mly (16.0  Mpc) [3]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.32 [4]
Apparent magnitude  (B)12.16 [4]
Characteristics
Type SA0+(r) [5]
Apparent size  (V)2.087′ × 1.252′ [1]
Other designations
2MASX J12092978+4341071, LEDA 38643, UGC 7139, UZC J120929.9+434107, Z 215-37. [6]

NGC 4138 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a lenticular galaxy in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici. Located around 52 million light years from Earth, [3] it spans some 2.1 × 1.3 [1]   arc minutes and has an apparent visual magnitude of 11.3. [4] The morphological classification of NGC 4138 is SA0+(r), indicating it lacks a bar formation and has tightly wound spiral arms with a ring-like structure around the nucleus. [5] It has no nearby companion galaxies. [2]

Contents

This is a Seyfert 1.9 galaxy with an active galactic nucleus, having radio emissions detected in its nuclear region. Two radio sources have been detected, with the eastern component being the brighter at 1.0 mJy while the fainter source is emitting 0.75 mJy. This radiation is most likely coming from jets of energetic material being ejected by a central black hole. [7]

In 1996 it was revealed that this galaxy has a counter-rotating disk; around 20% of the stars in the galaxy are rotating in the opposite direction from the other 80%. [2] The neutral and ionized gas in this galaxy are rotating in the same direction as the counter-rotating disk, and the stars in this group are generally younger than the main stellar population. This disk may have formed as the result of a merger with a gas-rich dwarf galaxy some four billion years ago. Simulations indicate that the counter-rotation of this disk is acting to suppress spiral arm features in the galaxy as a whole. The young, star-forming ring structure is likely the result of collisions between gas clouds rotating in the opposite directions. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Eye Galaxy</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

The Black Eye Galaxy is a relatively isolated spiral galaxy 17 million light-years away in the mildly northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Edward Pigott in March 1779, and independently by Johann Elert Bode in April of the same year, as well as by Charles Messier the next year. A dark band of absorbing dust partially in front of its bright nucleus gave rise to its nicknames of the "Black Eye", "Evil Eye", or "Sleeping Beauty" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers due to its form in small telescopes and visibility across inhabited latitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4395</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4395 is a nearby low surface brightness spiral galaxy located about 14 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici. The nucleus of NGC 4395 is active and the galaxy is classified as a Seyfert Type I known for its very low-mass supermassive black hole.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2787</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on December 3, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, pretty large, a little extended 90°, much brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, very small (faint) star involved to the southeast". The visible galaxy has an angular size of 2.5 × 1.5 arcminutes or 3.24 × 1.81 arcminutes and an apparent visual magnitude of 11.8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2841</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 2841 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on 9 March, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer, the author of the New General Catalogue, described it as, "very bright, large, very much extended 151°, very suddenly much brighter middle equal to 10th magnitude star". Initially thought to be about 30 million light-years distant, a 2001 Hubble Space Telescope survey of the galaxy's Cepheid variables determined its distance to be approximately 14.1 megaparsecs or 46 million light-years. The optical size of the galaxy is 8.1′ × 3.5′.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5548</span> Type I Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Boötes

NGC 5548 is a Type I Seyfert galaxy with a bright, active nucleus. This activity is caused by matter flowing onto a 65 million solar mass (M☉) supermassive black hole at the core. Morphologically, this is an unbarred lenticular galaxy with tightly-wound spiral arms, while shell and tidal tail features suggest that it has undergone a cosmologically-recent merger or interaction event. NGC 5548 is approximately 245 million light years away and appears in the constellation Boötes. The apparent visual magnitude of NGC 5548 is approximately 13.3 in the V band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on 12 April 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1808</span> Galaxy in the constellation Columba

NGC 1808 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Columba, about two degrees to the south and east of Gamma Caeli. It was discovered on 10 May 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop, who described it as a "faint nebula". The galaxy is a member of the NGC 1808 group, which is part of the larger Dorado Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3593</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3593 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It has a morphological classification of SA(s)0/a, which indicates it is a lenticular galaxy of the pure spiral type. Despite this, it has a large amount of hydrogen, both in its molecular and atomic (H) form. It is a starburst galaxy, which means it is forming new stars at a high rate. This is occurring in a band of gas surrounding the central nucleus. There is a single arm, which spirals outward from this ring. It is frequently but not consistently identified as a member of the Leo Triplet group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6503</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 6503 is a field dwarf spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Draco. It was discovered by German astronomer Arthur von Auwers on July 22, 1854. The galaxy has an angular size of 7.1′ × 2.4′ and an apparent visual magnitude of 10.2. It is located at a distance of approximately 20.9 million light-years (6.40 Mpc) from the Milky Way galaxy. NGC 6503 may form the remote tip of a long chain of galaxies that extends out into the local void, forming a galaxy filament spanning 26 million light-years (8 Mpc).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4698</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4698 is a barred spiral galaxy located around 55 million light years away from Earth in the constellation of Virgo. It belongs to the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and is positioned near the northeastern edge of this assemblage. The morphological classification of NGC 4698 in the De Vaucouleurs system is SA(s)ab, which indicates a purely spiral structure with moderate to tightly wound arms. It is inclined to the line of sight from the Earth by an angle of 53° along a position angle of 170°.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 289</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor

NGC 289 is a spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Sculptor, located at a distance of 76 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered on September 27, 1834, by John Herschel. The compiler of the New General Catalogue, John Louis Emil Dreyer, noted that NGC 289 was "pretty bright, large, extended, between 2 considerably bright stars". The plane of the galaxy is inclined by an angle of 45° to the line of sight from the Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 672</span> Galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 672 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Triangulum, positioned around 2° to the southwest of the star Alpha Trianguli. The original object designated NGC 672 was discovered by the German-born astronomer William Herschel on 26 October 1786, but this was later cataloged as NGC 614. The object now identified as NGC 672 was discovered by John Herschel on 11 November 1827.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2992</span> Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 2992 is a Seyfert galaxy located 103 million light years distant in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It was discovered in 1785 by Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3941</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3941 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 40 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3941 is about 40,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1787.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4294</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy with flocculent spiral arms located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4299</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4299 is a featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5728</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Libra

NGC 5728 is an active barred spiral galaxy located 146 million light years away in the southern constellation of Libra. It was discovered on May 7, 1787 by William Herschel. The designation comes from the New General Catalogue of J. L. E. Dreyer, published in 1888. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.40 and spans an angle of 3.4 arcminutes. The galaxy shows a red shift of 0.00935 and has a heliocentric radial velocity of 2,803 km/s. It has an estimated mass of 72 billion times the mass of the Sun and stretches around 30 kpc across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2950</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 2950 is a lenticular galaxy in the northern constellation of Ursa Major, about 50 million light years from the Milky Way and receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,329 km/s. It was discovered in 1790 by the Anglo-German astronomer William Herschel. NGC 2950 is a field galaxy, it is not part of a galaxy cluster or galaxy group, and thus is gravitationally isolated. Nine certain and four possible dwarf galaxies have been identified around NGC 2950.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4324 is a lenticular galaxy located about 85 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on March 4, 1862. NGC 4324 has a stellar mass of 5.62 × 1010M☉, and a baryonic mass of 5.88 × 1010M☉. The galaxy's total mass is around 5.25 × 1011M☉. NGC 4324 is notable for having a ring of star formation surrounding its nucleus. It was considered a member of the Virgo II Groups until 1999, when its distance was recalculated and it was placed in the Virgo W Group.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi: 10.1086/498708 . ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   18913331.
  2. 1 2 3 Jore, Katherine P.; et al. (August 1996), "A Counter-Rotating Disk in the Normal SA Galaxy NGC 4138", Astronomical Journal, 112: 438, Bibcode:1996AJ....112..438J, doi: 10.1086/118027 .
  3. 1 2 3 Tully, R. Brent; et al. (October 2013), "Cosmicflows-2: The Data", The Astronomical Journal, 146 (4): 25, arXiv: 1307.7213 , Bibcode:2013AJ....146...86T, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86, S2CID   118494842, 86.
  4. 1 2 3 Gil de Paz, Armando; et al. (2007), "The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series , 173 (2): 185–255, arXiv: astro-ph/0606440 , Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G, doi:10.1086/516636, S2CID   119085482.
  5. 1 2 de Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. (1991), "Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies, version 9", The Astronomical Journal, 108: 2128, Bibcode:1994AJ....108.2128C, doi:10.1086/117225, archived from the original on 2019-08-11, retrieved 2015-11-25.
  6. ↑ "NGC 4138 – Seyfert 1 Galaxy", SIMBAD Astronomical Database, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, archived from the original on 2015-12-09, retrieved 2015-11-30.
  7. ↑ Bontempi, P.; et al. (October 2012), "Physical properties of the nuclear region in Seyfert galaxies derived from observations with the European VLBI Network", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 426 (1): 588–594, arXiv: 1208.0230 , Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426..588B, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21786.x , S2CID   118387189.
  8. ↑ Pizzella, A.; et al. (October 2014), "The difference in age of the two counter-rotating stellar disks of the spiral galaxy NGC 4138", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 570: 5, arXiv: 1409.3086 , Bibcode:2014A&A...570A..79P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424746, S2CID   119276440, A79.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.