Mindanao brown dove

Last updated

Mindanao brown dove
Mindanao Brown Dove.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Phapitreron
Species:
P. brunneiceps
Binomial name
Phapitreron brunneiceps

The Mindanao brown dove (Phapitreron brunneiceps) is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to forests on the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Basilan, but it has not been recorded from the latter island since 1937. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with the Tawitawi brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove.

Contents

Description and taxonomy

Ebird describes it as "A medium-sized dove of forest from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains. Dark brown above, with a brown head, purplish iridescence on the back of the neck and upper back, grayish underparts, pale buff under the base of the tail, and a pale gray tail tip". [2]

Adults look similar to amethyst brown dove and white-eared brown dove but are distinguishable by a brown crown, vinous-gray belly, buff undertail-coverts and less olive back. [3] Generally brown-colored, these medium-sized birds have a glossy reddish-violet patch on sides of the neck and warm, dark brown upper parts. [4] Additional distinguishing features include a slightly darker nape compared to the crown, a narrow dark streak under the eye, black bill, dark pink feet with brown nails and iris that is orange-red in color. [5]

Based on size, the amethyst brown dove is the largest of the three, followed by the Mindanao brown dove and the white-eared brown dove being the smallest. [6] It is very distinct from the Tawitawi brown dove as it is much darker and lacks the peach of the Tawitawi brown dove. [7]

Its call is an accelerating series of identically pitched notes, "wup-pup-pup-pu-pu-pu-pu", reminiscent of a ping-pong ball falling on a table. [2]

Ecology and behavior

Almost nothing is known about this species but it is pressumed to be a frugivore feeding on seeds and fruits. In the early 20th century, its nest was described to be a typical dove nest of loosely arranged sticks. The nest was said to contain 2 chicks. Otherwise, there is no data on the breeding habits of this rare species. [8]

Conservation status

It occurs in tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist low-montane forest typically at a range of 900 to 2,000 meters above sea level but there are sparse records way below at 150 m. It occurs in humid interiors and dense secondary forest. [7] It is not clear if the species makes seasonal or altitudinal movements, but both are considered likely on a local scale.

IUCN assessed this species as vulnerable and estimates the population to be 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals. Consideredl rare in range Threats include habitat loss and hunting for both food and the exotic pet trade. [9] Illegal logging is not as rampant at high elevations, because most trees are not commercially valuable and the slopes are too steep to be converted to farmland. However, mining, both legal and illegal, are prevalent.

It occurs in a few protected areas including Mount Kitanglad National Park, Mount Apo Natural Park, Mount Malindang National Park and Moun Hilong-hilong. Mount Matutum has been proposed as a national park. However as is the case in most of the country, deforestation and hunting still occur in these areas as protection is lax.

Conservation actions proposed include to survey to assess abundance, elevational range and habitat requirements at key sites and to assess whether the species is present in poorly surveyed areas of Mindanao Ensure the effective protection of remaining forest at key and potential sites. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao hornbill</span> Species of bird

The Mindanao hornbill, also known as the Mindanao tarictic hornbill, is a medium-small species of hornbill found in the canopy of rainforests on Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines. All five Philippine tarictics were once considered a single species. Its population declining due to habitat destruction, hunting and the illegal wildlife trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao scops owl</span> Species of owl

The Mindanao scops owl or Mindanao highland scops owl is an owl endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is found in tropical montane forest above 1,000 meters above sea level. It is threatened by habitat destruction and deforestation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine megapode</span> Species of bird

The Philippine megapode, also known as the Philippine scrubfowl or the Tabon scrubfowl, is a species of bird in the family Megapodiidae. It is found in the Philippines, northeastern Borneo, and Sulawesi. It has a wide range of natural habitats which include tropical dry forest, tropical moist lowland forest, tropical moist montane forest and small islands. The species was named after the collector Hugh Cuming.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-eared tailorbird</span> Species of bird

The white-eared tailorbird is a species of bird formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, it but now placed in the family Cisticolidae.It is found in the Philippine islands of Basilan and West Mindanao.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellowish bulbul</span> Species of songbird

The yellowish bulbul is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on East Visayas, Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. The birds of the Sulu archipelago are sometimes considered a separate species called the Sulu bulbul. This species is declining due to habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amethyst brown dove</span> Species of bird

The amethyst brown dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown dove</span> Genus of birds

Brown doves are members of the genus Phapitreron in the pigeon family. Their common name refers to their overall brown coloration. They are endemic to the Philippines. All brown doves are tree-dwellers, but the different species occupy different types of wooded habitats; some are more restricted to old-growth forest while other make use of secondary forest and other woodland. Their main diet is fruit. They tend to be solitary in their habits and can be elusive. Some species in this genus have conspicuous black and white stripes on their faces and iridescent neck feathers. Males and females look alike.

The Tawitawi brown dove, also dark-eared brown dove, is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae noted for its orange-peach breast. It is endemic to forests in the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. Until recently it was considered conspecific with the Mindanao brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove. Although threatened by habitat loss, the rate of loss significantly reduced from 2004 to 2007, and it was thus downlisted from Critically Endangered to Endangered status in the 2007 IUCN Red List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-eared brown dove</span> Species of bird

The white-eared brown dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, and is most commonly found in lowland and montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-capped kingfisher</span> Species of bird

The blue-capped kingfisher, also known as Hombron's kingfisher, is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae endemic to the Philippines and found only on Mindanao. It is one of the most colorful kingfishers in the country having a dark blue cap and wings with rufous spots, a striped rufous belly, white chin and red bill. Its natural habitats are on the upper ranges of tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apo sunbird</span> Species of bird

The Apo sunbird is a species of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.It is found in tropical moist montane forests above 1,500 meters above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-crowned flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The yellow-crowned flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to Luzon Island in the Philippines. It was formerly conspecific with the Flame-crowned flowerpecker of Mindanao. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little slaty flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The little slaty flycatcher is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found on the islands of Mindanao, Leyte and Samar in the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine collared dove</span> Species of bird

The Philippine collared dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the island collared dove.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Everett's scops owl</span> Species of owl

Everett's scops owl is an owl, endemic to the Philippines, belonging to the family of the typical owls Strigidae. They are found on Bohol, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Mindanao and Basilan. This species is part of the Philippine scops owl species complex which includes the Negros scops owl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visayan blue fantail</span> Species of bird

The Visayan blue fantail is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the islands of Bohol, Leyte and Samar. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It was previously conspecific with the Mindanao blue fantail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao boobook</span> Species of owl

The Mindanao boobook or Mindanao hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines on the island of Mindanao. It was previously known as a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other evidence suggested it a distinct species. It is found in tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindoro boobook</span> Species of owl

The Mindoro boobook or Mindoro hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-breasted brown dove</span> Species of bird

The grey-breasted brown dove is a subspecies of amethyst brown dove in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being found in Negros and Panay. Its natural habitats are or tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests. It is found in lowlands but probably prefers middle and high elevations at 500-2000m. It is most often seen singly or in pairs, in and around fruiting trees. The call is a deep, sonorous "hoot-hoot-hoot-hoot", and birds may sit and call for long periods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine shortwing</span> Species of bird

The Philippine shortwing is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines where it favours montane forest. It was once conspecific with the White-browed Shortwing.

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Phapitreron brunneiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22724523A94870482. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724523A94870482.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Mindanao Brown Dove". Ebird.
  3. ↑ del Hoyo, J., Collar, N., Kirwan, G.M. and E.F.J. Garcia. 2017. "Dark-eared Brown-dove (Phapitreron brunneiceps)" in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  4. ↑ BirdLife International, 2016
  5. ↑ McGregor, R. C. 1909. A manual of Philippine birds (Vol. 2). Ripol Classic Publishing House.
  6. ↑ P. Simpson, pers. Commun., September 11, 2017
  7. 1 2 Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife International Guides. pp. 60–61.
  8. ↑ del Hoyo, Josep; Collar, Nigel; Kirwan, Guy M.; Garcia, Ernest (2020). "Mindanao Brown-Dove (Phapitreron brunneiceps), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.daedov2.01. ISSN   2771-3105.
  9. ↑ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2016-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Phapitreron maculipectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  10. ↑ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2016-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Phapitreron brunneiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.