Amethyst brown dove | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Columbiformes |
Family: | Columbidae |
Genus: | Phapitreron |
Species: | P. amethystinus |
Binomial name | |
Phapitreron amethystinus Bonaparte, 1855 | |
The amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.
It is endemic to the Philippines, it is found on Luzon, Polillo Islands, Catanduanes, Samar, Bohol and Mindanao. It is generally rather scarce in much of its range. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests. It is found in lowlands but probably prefers middle and high elevations at 500-2000m. It is most often seen singly or in pairs, in and around fruiting trees. The call is a deep, sonorous "hoop" as well as a rather rapid "poo-poo-poo-poop", and birds may sit and call for long periods.
According to Constantino (2011), the amethyst brown dove is strikingly alike with white-eared brown dove due to the presence of subocular white lines just below the eye. [2] However, it can be distinguished from the rest as they are rare deep-woods birds with colors that are generally darker brown than P. leucotis, with bills that are noticeably longer and heavier than its tarsus [3] and an extensive bluer purple patch on its mantle. [2] Some of its physical features include a grey tinge and purplish brown underparts, rich tan undertail-coverts, dark and white sub-ocular eye-lines, reddish-brown chin and throat with darker streaking, shading on breast to medium to darkish dull brown with narrowly edged dark back and scapulars. [4] They also have pink flesh around the eye with amethyst or purple iridescence on the nape. [5] [6]
Four subspecies are recognized: [7]
Under the HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, this has been split into three species. With the nominate and imeldae subspecies being retained as the Amethyst brown-dove while the maculipectus being named the Grey-breasted Brown-Dove and the possibly extinct frontalis classified as the Cebu brown dove.
It occurs in tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane Forest to 2,500 meters above sea level (2,000 m on Negros and Panay and unknown in Cebu). It occurs in humid interiors and dense secondary forest
This species occurs on varying rarity throughout its range however. As the IUCN Red List follows the HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, it has assessed each split species.
The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as generally rather uncommon, although very common in the Sierra Madre in northern Luzon. It is classified as a Least-concern species with the population thought to be stable. [8]
Considered extremely rare in range. Negros is one of the most deforested islands in the country and is only found in the remnant forests. Range in Panay has not been fully surveyed but they may persist in larger numbers. [9] IUCN estimates the population to be 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals with the population continuing to decline. Threats including habitat loss and hunting for both food and the exotic pet trade. [10]
The species had not been observed with certainty since 1892, however it has since been reported on several occasions between 2007 and 2012, although these sightings have not been verified. If it still persists, it is threatened by habitat loss and poaching. Cebu has <0.03% of its original forest cover and is the most deforested large island in the Philippines. It is classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly extinct). Any remaining population must be tiny, and the population is therefore placed in the band 1-49 mature individuals. [11] It is #46 on the EDGE species of birds. [12]
The blue-backed parrot, also known as Müller's parrot is a large, endangered species of parrot endemic to the Philippines. It is found in tropical moist lowland forests. Flocks are small and often active at night. Its main threats are habitat loss and trapping for the pet trade.
The Philippine narrowmouth toad or the truncate-toed chorus frog is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, water storage areas, ponds, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Platymantis dorsalis is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the northern and central Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Brown doves are members of the genus Phapitreron in the pigeon family. Their common name refers to their overall brown coloration. They are endemic to the Philippines. All brown doves are tree-dwellers, but the different species occupy different types of wooded habitats; some are more restricted to old-growth forest while other make use of secondary forest and other woodland. Their main diet is fruit. They tend to be solitary in their habits and can be elusive. Some species in this genus have conspicuous black and white stripes on their faces and iridescent neck feathers. Males and females look alike.
The Mindanao brown dove is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to forests on the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Basilan, but it has not been recorded from the latter island since 1937. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with the Tawitawi brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove.
The Tawitawi brown dove is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae noted for its orange-peach breast. It is endemic to forests in the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. Until recently it was considered conspecific with the Mindanao brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove. Although threatened by habitat loss, the rate of loss significantly reduced from 2004 to 2007, and it was thus downlisted from Critically Endangered to Endangered status in the 2007 IUCN Red List.
The white-eared brown dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
The Indigo-banded kingfisher is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is generally uncommon but locally widespread in the northern and central islands.
The Black shama is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the island of Cebu, Philippines where it is known locally as "Siloy".
The bicolored flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
The Palawan striped babbler is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is only found in Palawan.
The Luzon striped babbler is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is only found in northern Luzon and in Bataan.
The Luzon flameback is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found on the northern islands of Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes and Marinduque, Philippines. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the greater flameback.
The Mindanao boobook or Mindanao hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines on the island of Mindanao. It was previously known as a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other evidence suggested it a distinct species. It is found in tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Mindoro boobook or Mindoro hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines.
The Romblon boobook or Romblon hawk-owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to the Philippines. It is only found on the islands of Tablas, Sibuyan and Romblon. It was previously known as a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other evidence suggested it was a distinct species. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Cebu boobook or Cebu hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other data suggested placement in a distinct species.
The Sulu boobook or Sulu hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. It was previously known as a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other evidence suggested it was a distinct species. It is found in tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The grey-breasted brown dove is a subspecies of amethyst brown dove in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being found in Negros and Panay. Its natural habitats are or tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests. It is found in lowlands but probably prefers middle and high elevations at 500-2000m. It is most often seen singly or in pairs, in and around fruiting trees. The call is a deep, sonorous "hoot-hoot-hoot-hoot", and birds may sit and call for long periods.