Miss America (Marvel Comics)

Last updated
Miss America
Ms. America
Madeline Joyce as Miss America (2009).webp
Madeline Joyce / Miss America.
Cover of Miss America Comics 70th Anniversary Special (June 2009).
Art by Dale Eaglesham.
Publisher Marvel Comics
First appearance Marvel Mystery Comics (September 1943)
Created by Otto Binder  (writer)
Al Gabriele (art)
Characters
List
Miss America
Series publication information
Publisher Marvel Comics
Format
List
Publication date
List
  • (vol 1)
    May 1944 (one-shot)
    (vol 2)
    September 1944 – January 1945
    (vol 3)
    February 1945 – July 1945
    (vol 4)
    September 1945 – March 1946
    (vol 5)
    April 1946 – September 1946
    (vol 6)
    October 1946 – March 1947
    (vol 7)
    April 1947 – June 1947
    (vol 8)
    July 1947 – February 1952
    (vol. 9)
    April 1952 – June 1958
    (vol 10)
    June 2009 (one-shot)
Number of issues
List
  • (vol 1): 1
    (vol 2): 6
    (vol 3): 6
    (vol 4): 6
    (vol 5): 6
    (vol 6): 6
    (vol 7): 3
    (vol 8): 45
    (vol 9): 48
    (vol 10): 1
Main character(s)
List
  • (vol 1–2)
    Madeline Joyce
    (vol 2–9)
    Patsy Walker
    (vol 10)
    Madeline Joyce
Creative team
Writer(s)
List
  • (vol 1)
    Bill Finger
    Otto Binder
    (vol 10)
    Jen Van Meter
    Allen Bellman
Penciller(s)
List
  • (vol 1)
    Ken Bald
    (vol 10)
    Andy MacDonald
    Alan Mandel
    Allen Bellman
Inker(s)
List
  • (vol 1)
    George Klein
    (vol 10)
    Andy MacDonald
    Bob Oksner
    Allen Bellman
Letterer(s)
List
  • (vol 10)
    Dave Lanphear
Colorist(s)
List
  • (vol 10)
    Nick Filardi
Editor(s)
List
  • (vol 10)
    Stephen Wacker
    Tom Brennan
    Tom Brevoort
    Vince Fago

Miss America (also spelt as Ms. America) is the name of several superheroines appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Miss America, Madeline Joyce, first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943). [1] The second incarnation, Erika Kelley, debuted in Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1 (December 2007). The third incarnation, America Chavez, made her first appearance in Vengeance #1 (September 2011). [2]

Contents

Development

Concept and creation

Comic book publishers tried to explore new types of stories, characters, and audiences, since superheroes began to fade out of fashion in the post-World War II era. Comic companies started introducing more female superheroes in an attempt to appeal to young female readers. [3] American comic book publisher Timely Comics released Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943) featuring a new superheroine known as Miss America. [4] According to American author Jess Nevins and his Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, Miss America "fights ordinary criminals, Axis agents, Baron Shinto the Gouger, the murderous teen the Cherub, King Cobra, and the human electric eel the Shocker." [5]

Publication history

Miss America

Madeline Joyce received the Miss America Comics #1 (May 1944) one-shot, her first solo comic book. [6] According to some sources, illustrator Ken Bald served as the cover and interior artist, although Vincent Fago, interim editor of Timely Comics for the drafted writer Stan Lee, asserted, "I hired a friend from the animation business, Pauline Loth, and she did the art for the first Miss America book." [7] Fago also stated, "I hired her at Timely when she left Fleischer's and came to New York. She did "Miss America" for us and created her costume." [8]

The Miss America Comics series changed its format with its second issue to become a larger magazine-sized Miss America Magazine, [9] though with the conventional comic book combination of glossy covers and newsprint interior. Initiating this format as vol. 1 #2 (November 1944), [10] the publication relegated its superhero to a secondary role and began focusing on teen-romance comics stories and articles on such topics as cooking, fashion, and makeup. This second issue, which featured a photo cover of an unknown model dressed in the Miss America costume, also introduced the long-running, teen-humor comics feature Patsy Walker. [11]

The Miss America Magazine series was renamed Miss America starting with issue #46 (April 1952). Alongside the single superhero comic, Miss America ran 126 issues in a complicated numbering that continued through vol. 7 #50 (December 1952), the 83rd issue. It then reverted to comic book format as Miss America vol. 1 #51–93 (April 1953 – November 1958).

The magazine format used photo covers of everyday teens. In 1951, starting with vol. 7 #42, the logo changed to Patsy Walker Starring in Miss America, [12] with covers now depicting high schooler, Patsy, boyfriend Buzz Baxter, and romantic-rival Hedy Wolfe, in cartoon art by artists Al Jaffee and Morris Weiss.

Madeline Joyce received the Miss America Comics 70th Anniversary Special #1 (June 2009) one shot, her second solo comic book. [13] According to Diamond Comic Distributors, it was the 136th best selling comic book in June 2009. [14]

Other series

Madeline Joyce appeared as Miss America in the 1941 All Winners Comics series, [15] the 1946 Blonde Phantom series, [16] the 1974 Giant-Size Avengers series, [17] and the 2006 X-Statix Presents: Dead Girl series. [18] Erika Kelley appeared as Miss America in the 2011 Fear Itself: Youth in Revolt series. [19]

Fictional character biography

Madeline Joyce

The first Miss America is Madeline Joyce. [20] Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Gabriele, the character first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943). [21]

Madeline Joyce Frank is a socially aware heiress born in Washington, D.C. who is the niece of the millionaire radio mogul James Bennet. She acquired a range of superpowers after being exposed to an electrical discharge from an unknown experimental piece of equipment. Madeline Joyce possesses the "Strength of a Thousand Men," allowing her to lift weights far heavier than a normal human would be capable of lifting. Her superhuman durability makes her resistant to different forms of damage. She has the ability to levitate herself through psionic means. By using her levitation ability in connection with carefully planned leaps, she could use her power to fly. She could attain any height at which she could still breathe (approximately 20,000 feet). Fatigue poisons accumulate much slower in Madeline Joyce's body than that of a normal human, giving her a heightened "vitality." She later became a superhero and took the mantle of Miss America. The character has also been a member of the Invaders, Liberty Legion, and All-Winners Squad at various points in her history. [22] She married fellow Golden Age superhero Robert Frank / Whizzer. Because the two had been exposed to radiation, their first child was the radioactive mutant Nuklo. However, Madeline Joyce died of complications stemming from childbirth with her second, stillborn child due to radiation poisoning from her first offspring while at Wundagore Mountain, Transia. [23] During this time, it was also suggested that Madeline Joyce was the mother of Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver and Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch. [24] This was ultimately refuted when it was revealed that Max Eisenhard / Magneto and Magda Eisenhardt were their biological parents. Madeline Joyce was later retconned in 1976 as a member of the World War II super-team known as the Liberty Legion, set between the creation of the Invaders and the post-war All-Winners Squad. As a member of the team, she battled the Red Skull. Alongside the Liberty Legion and the Invaders, she fought the Nazi super-team called Super-Axis. [25]

Erika Kelley

The second Miss America is Erika Kelley. Created by writers Dan Slott, Christos N. Gage, and artist Patrick Scherberger, the character debuted in Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1 (December 2007).

Erika Kelley was a member of the Liberteens under the codename of Miss America. Madeline Joyce served here as an inspiration. She battled Flag-Smasher when he intended to destroy the Liberty Bell. [26] Erica Kelley subsequently left the team alongside her former teammates to found a new one called the Fantastix. [27] She decided to abandon the mantle of Miss America and took the codename of Ms. Fantastix.

America Chavez

Supporting characters

Allies

List of allies appearing in comic books with Miss America as the protagonist
Name / alter egoCreator(s)First appearanceDescription
James Bennett Otto Binder – Alfred GabrieleMarvel Mystery Comics #49 (September 1943)James Bennett is the uncle of Madeline Joyce. [28] He is a rich radio mogul who takes cares of his niece. [29]
Robert Frank / Whizzer Al Avison USA Comics #1 (August 1941)Robert Frank is the husband of Madeline Joyce. [30] He is a speedster with superhuman strength. [31]
Elton Morrow / Blue Diamond Ben ThompsonDaring Mystery Comics #7 (February 1941)Elton Morrow is a friend of Madeline Joyce. [32] He is an archaeologist with superhuman strength and durability. [33]
Kate Bishop / Hawkeye Allan HeinbergJim Cheung Young Avengers #1 (April 2005)Kate Bishop is a friend of America Chavez. [34] She is a skilled archer and swordswoman. [35]
David Alleyne / Prodigy Nunzio DeFilippisChristina WeirKeron Grant New Mutants vol. 2 #4 (October 2003)David Alleyne is a friend of America Chavez. [36] He is a genius with telepathic abilities. [37]

Enemies

List of ennemies appearing in comic books with Miss America as the protagonist
Name / alter egoCreator(s)First appearanceDescription
Stefan Halpern / Pinhead Killer Charles Nicholas Marvel Mystery Comics #52 (December 1943)Stefan Halpern is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce. [38] He is a Nazi during World War II who kidnapped a scientist and his granddaughter.
Unknown / Flaming HateMarvel Mystery Comics #53 (January 1944)Flaming Hate is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce. [39] He is a murderer who attacks firefighters to avenge the death of his wife.
Dalt Kendall / Shocker Bill Finger – Pauline LothMiss America Magazine #2 (September 1944)Dalt Kendall is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce. [40] He is a scientist with an obsession with electric eels. He gained the power to generate electricity while experimenting with them. He used his superhuman abilities to rob banks and murder people.
Unknown / The Spiderman Syd Shores Blonde Phantom Comics #12 (December 1946)The Spiderman is an antagonist of Madeline Joyce. [41] He is a scientist who is obsessed with spiders. He possessed huge spiders who feed on human blood. [42] He invented a web-shooting device to kidnap his victims.
Oubliette Midas / ExterminatrixGrant Morrison – J.G. JonesMarvel Boy vol. 2 #1 (June 2000)Oubliette Midas is an antagonist of America Chavez. [43] She is the leader of the supervillain organization known as the Midas Foundation.
Guy Thierrault / Flag-Smasher Zeb Wells – Stefano CaselliCivil War: Young Avengers and Runaways #1 (July 2006)Guy Thierrault is an antagonist of Erika Kelley. [26] He is an anti-nationalist who terrorizes the population to spread his views. [44]

Impact

Other versions

Amalgam Comics

An alternate version of Miss America appears in the Amalgam Comics universe. [60] Madeline Joyce was combined with DC Comics' Liberty Belle. [61] This version is known as Madeline Lawrence / American Belle. She is a member of the All-Star Winners Squadron. [62]

In other media

Television

Film

Video games

Merchandise

Miscellaneous

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics)</span> Comic book superhero

Captain Marvel is the name of several superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Most of these versions exist in Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe. The original Captain Marvel is Mar-Vell and the current incarnation of the character is Carol Danvers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Absorbing Man</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

The Absorbing Man is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and writer-artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery #114, in the Silver Age of Comic Books. Carl Creel has the power to absorb and become any material he touched. Originally a supervillain, in later years, he has reformed into more of an antihero.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death (Marvel Comics)</span> Fictional character in Marvel Comics comic books

Death is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Mike Friedrich and Jim Starlin, the character first appeared in Captain Marvel #26. Death is based on the personification of death. She is a nigh-omnipotent cosmic entity and a fundamental constant of mortal existence, depicted as the "sister" and antithetical force to Eternity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shuma-Gorath</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Shuma-Gorath is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Steve Englehart and Frank Brunner, the character first appeared in Marvel Premiere #10. Shuma-Gorath belongs to the Great Old Ones, a race of ancient eldritch beings who predate Earth. It is a recurring antagonist of the superhero Doctor Strange.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miss America (Madeline Joyce)</span> Fictional superhero appearing in Marvel comics

Miss America is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Gabriele, the character first appeared in Marvel Mystery Comics #49 in the Golden Age of Comic Books. Madeline Joyce is the first incarnation of Miss America. The character has also been a member of the Invaders, Liberty Legion, and All-Winners Squad at various points in her history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jessica Jones</span> Comic book superheroine

Jessica Campbell Jones-Cage, professionally known as Jessica Jones, is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Michael Gaydos and first appeared in Alias #1 as part of Marvel's Max, an imprint for more mature content, and was later retroactively established to have first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #4 in the Silver Age of Comic Books as an unnamed classmate of Peter Parker, created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko. Within the context of Marvel's shared universe, Jones is a former superhero who becomes the owner of Alias Private Investigations. Bendis envisioned the series as centered on Jessica Drew and only decided to create Jones once he realized that the main character he was writing had a distinct-enough voice and background to differentiate her from Drew, though deciding to still name the character after her on the basis of how "two [people] can have the same first name".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cassie Lang</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Cassandra "Cassie" Lang is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by David Michelinie and John Byrne, the character first appeared in Marvel Premiere #47. Cassandra Lang is the daughter of the superhero Scott Lang / Ant-Man. She has also been known as Stature, Stinger, and Ant-Girl at various points in her history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicarrier</span> Fictional flying aircraft carrier in Marvel

The Helicarrier is a fictional airborne aircraft carrier appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the aircraft first appeared in Strange Tales #135.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whirlwind (comics)</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Whirlwind is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Tales To Astonish #50. David Cannon belongs to the subspecies of humans called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. He is a recurring antagonist of the superheroes Hank Pym and Janet van Dyne. He has also been known as Whirlwind and Human Top at various points in his history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)</span> Comic book superhero

Hawkeye is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Allan Heinberg and artist Jim Cheung, Bishop first appeared in Young Avengers #1. She is the third character and first female to take the Hawkeye name, after Clint Barton of the Avengers and Wyatt McDonald of the Squadron Supreme. Her costume appearance is patterned on the first Hawkeye and Mockingbird.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Echo (Marvel Comics)</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Echo is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by David Mack and Joe Quesada, the character first appeared in Daredevil #9. Lopez is a Cheyenne woman, and this background as an indigenous character informs many of her arcs and storylines. Her Echo guise includes a white handprint that covers part of her face. She is one of the few deaf comic book characters. She has also adopted the Ronin codename and was a host of the Phoenix Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agatha Harkness</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Agatha Harkness is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Fantastic Four #94. Agatha Harkness is a powerful witch and one of the original witches from the Salem witch trials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viper (Madame Hydra)</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

Ophelia Sarkissian is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Jim Steranko, the character first appeared in Captain America #110. Ophelia Sarkissian is a foe of the X-Men and the Avengers. She has also been known as Viper and Madame Hydra at various points in her history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Dream (comics)</span> Comics character

American Dream is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Tom DeFalco and artist Brent Anderson, the character first appeared in A-Next#1. Shannon Carter comes from an alternative future timeline of the Marvel Universe known as the MC2 Universe. She wears a costume similar to that of the comic book superhero Steve Rogers / Captain America. Her weapons are throwing disks and the trademark shield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quinjet</span> Fictional flying aircraft carrier in Marvel

The Quinjet is a fictional jet aircraft appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema, the aircraft first appeared in The Avengers #61.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peggy Carter</span> Fictional character

Margaret Elizabeth "Peggy" Carter is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is usually depicted as a supporting character in books featuring Captain America. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, she debuted, unnamed, in Tales of Suspense #75 as a World War II love interest of Steve Rogers in flashback sequences. She would later be better known as the aunt of Sharon Carter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Power Man (Victor Alvarez)</span> Comics character

Power Man is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Fred Van Lente and Mahmud Asrar, the character first appeared in Shadowland: Power Man #1. Victor Alvarez is the third incarnation of Power Man. He is the son of the supervillain Shades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White Tiger (Ava Ayala)</span> Marvel Comics superhero

White Tiger is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Christos Gage and Tom Raney, the character first appeared in Avengers Academy issue #20. Ava Ayala is the fifth incarnation of White Tiger. She is the younger sister of Hector Ayala as well as the aunt of Angela del Toro. The character has also been a member of the Mighty Avengers and the New Avengers at various points in her history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">America Chavez</span> Superhero appearing in Marvel Comics

America Chavez is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Joe Casey and artist Nick Dragotta, the character first appeared in Vengeance #1. America Chavez is a lesbian superhero of Latin-American origin. She has assumed the mantle of Miss America from the superheroine Madeline Joyce. She has also been a member of the A-Force, the Ultimates, and the Young Avengers at various points in her history.

Okoye is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Christopher Priest and artist Mark Texeira, the character first appeared in Black Panther #1. Okoye is the General of the special forces for the fictional African nation of Wakanda called Dora Milaje.

References

  1. Mitchell, Kurt; Thomas, Roy (2019). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1940–1944. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 194. ISBN   978-1605490892.
  2. Cronin, Brian (June 1, 2023). "75 Years Ago, Marvel Tried a New Approach By Launching a Line of Female Superheroes". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  3. Benton, Mike (1992). Superhero Comics of the Golden Age: The Illustrated History. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company. p. 119. ISBN   0-87833-808-X . Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  4. Nevins, Jess (2013). Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes. High Rock Press. p. 183. ISBN   978-1-61318-023-5.
  5. Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 54.
  6. Amash, Jim (November 2001). "Of Fago and Fleischer". Alter Ego #11. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  7. Seifert, Mark (September 21, 2022). "A Complete Run of Marvel Mystery Comics, Up for Auction". Bleeding Cool . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  8. Seifert, Mark (April 20, 2023). "The 1945 Debut of the First Patsy Walker Series, Up for Auction". Bleeding Cool . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  9. Jung, Michael (May 30, 2020). "Marvel Gave Its Most Wholesome Character A DARK Makeover". Screen Rant . Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  10. "GCD :: Covers :: Miss America Magazine". Grand Comics Database . Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  11. Callahan, Timothy (June 16, 2009). "Miss America 70th Anniversary Special #1". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  12. "Throwback Thursday: 75 Years of Marvel's All Winners". Previews World . September 9, 2021. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  13. Dodge, John (September 6, 2023). "Marvel's First Spiderman Nearly Destroyed Peter Parker's Rise to Fame". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  14. Beard, Jim (June 22, 2020). "Didja Know... The Retro Adventures of Mighty Miss America". Marvel.com . Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  15. Cronin, Brian (April 21, 2023). "How Many of the Characters in the Second Marvel 'Book of the Dead' Are Still Dead?". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  16. The Liberteens at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
  17. Giant-Size Avengers #1 (August 1974). Marvel Comics.
  18. White, Brett (July 4, 2014). "20 Patriots, 5 Codenames: A Salute To Marvel's Red White & Blue Heroes". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  19. Marvel Premiere #29–30. Marvel Comics.
  20. 1 2 Avengers: The Initiative Annual #1. Marvel Comics.
  21. Fantastic Four vol. 6 #4. Marvel Comics.
  22. Burdette, Chad (July 16, 2020). "10 Patriotic Superheroes Not Named Captain America". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  23. Marvel Mystery Comics #49 (September, 1943). Marvel Comics.
  24. Marston, George (November 4, 2022). "Vision, Falcon, Black Widow, and 7 more Marvel characters you might not know date back to the '30s and '40s". Newsarama . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  25. Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z #13. Marvel Comics.
  26. Miss America Comics 70th Anniversary Special #1 (June 2009). Marvel Comics.
  27. Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z #2. Marvel Comics.
  28. Serrao, Nivea (July 14, 2017). "Marvel's 'America': Get an Exclusive Look at America Chavez and Kate Bishop's Reunion". Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  29. Hawkeye vol. 4 #1. Marvel Comics.
  30. Baker-Whitelaw, Gavia (May 24, 2021). "Why you need to read Marvel's new America Chavez comic". The Daily Dot . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  31. New Mutants vol. 2 #4. Marvel Comics.
  32. Marvel Mystery Comics #52 (December 1943). Marvel Comics.
  33. Marvel Mystery Comics #53 (January 1944). Marvel Comics.
  34. Miss America Magazine #2. Marvel Comics.
  35. Marston, George (December 15, 2022). "The weirdest versions of Spider-Man from across the Marvel Comics Spider-Verse". Newsarama . Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  36. Lapin-Bertone, Joshua (February 10, 2023). "15 of the most bizarre Spider-Men you'll find across the Spider-Verse". Popverse . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  37. Snyder, Justin (August 22, 2017). "America Chavez May Meet Her Match When She Faces Exterminatrix". Marvel.com . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  38. Donohoo, Timothy (March 28, 2021). "Falcon and Winter Soldier: Every Flag-Smasher In the Marvel Universe". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  39. Buxton, Marc (January 30, 2014). "FANTASY DRAFT: Marvel's Hollywood-Ready Female Heroes". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  40. Mitchell, Kurt; Thomas, Roy (2019). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1940–1944. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 255. ISBN   978-1605490892.
  41. Gregory, Kevin (March 19, 2018). "The Rundown: March 19, 2018". Multiversity Comics. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
  42. Chiu-Tabet, Christopher (September 18, 2023). "Reader Poll Results: Miles Has Swung His Way Into Your Hearts". Multiversity Comics. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  43. Donohoo, Timothy (July 11, 2020). "How Captain America and Superman Were Mashed Up in Amalgam". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  44. American Belle at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
  45. Super-Soldier: Man of War #1. Amalgam Comics.
  46. Towner, Eric and Alex Kramer; Brett Cawley and Robert Maitia (writer) (October 3, 1997). "Chapter III: Secrets of the Six". Spider-Man . Season 5. Episode 4. Fox Kids Network.
  47. "Voice Of Madeline Joyce (Spider-Man) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors.
  48. "S.H.I.E.L.D. Academy". Ultimate Spider-Man . Season 3. Episode 14. July 7, 2015. Disney XD.
  49. Marvel Future Revolution [@MarvelFutureRev] (May 27, 2022). "Agents! Are you ready for the next companion? America Chavez is joining the battle in the latest update for #MARVELFutureRevolution! Download now: https://mar.by/_mTUb" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  50. "American Update: A Double Date With Patsy! Patsy Walker's First and Second Appearances Ever, plus Timely Super-Heroine in Miss America #2 & #3 (1944)". 30th Century Comics. July 21, 2019. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  51. Dinh, Christine (March 27, 2019). "Marvel HQ Releases Marvel Rising Ultimate Comics". Marvel.com . Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  52. "Voice Of America Chavez (Marvel Rising: Ultimate Comics) – Behind The Voice Actors". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved March 7, 2024.