Total population | |
---|---|
United Kingdom 1,250,229 – 2.0% (2011) [1] England: 1,669,375 – 3.0% (2021) [2] Wales: 48,602 – 1.6% (2021) [2] England and Wales by Mixed Ethnicities (2021) Scotland: 19,815 – 0.4% (2011)
Northern Ireland: 14,382 – 0.8% (2021) [3] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Greater London, Manchester, Birmingham |
Mixed is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially, it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of two or more races or ethnic backgrounds. The Mixed or Multiple ethnic group in England and Wales numbered 1.7 million in the 2021 census, 2.9% of the population. [4]
A number of academics have pointed out that the ethnicity classification employed in the census and other official statistics in the UK since 1991 involve confusion between the concepts of ethnicity and race. [5] [6] Aspinall notes that sustained academic attention has been focused on "how the censuses measure ethnicity, especially the use of dimensions that many claim have little to do with ethnicity, such as skin colour, race, and nationality". [7]
The year 2001 was the first census which asked about mixed race identity. In that census, 677,177 classified themselves as of mixed ethnicity, making up 1.2 percent of the country's population. [8] The 2011 Census gave the figure as 2.2% for England and Wales. [9]
Office for National Statistics estimates suggest that 956,700 mixed-ethnicity people were resident in England (as opposed to the whole of the country) as of mid-2009, compared to 654,000 at mid-2001. [10] As of May 2011, this figure surpassed 1 million. [11] It was estimated in 2007 that, by 2020, 1.24 million people in the UK would be of mixed race. [12] Research conducted by the BBC, however, suggests that the mixed race population could already be twice the official estimate figure - up to 2 million. [13] According to The Economist in October 2020, the 2011 census figure "is probably an undercount, since not all children of mixed marriages will have ticked one of the mixed categories, and the number is likely to have grown since the census". [14]
3.5 percent of all births in England and Wales in 2005 were mixed-ethnicity babies, with 0.9 percent being 'Mixed White and Black Caribbean', 0.5 percent 'Mixed White and Black African', 0.8 percent 'Mixed White and Asian', and 1.3 percent any other mixed background. [15]
In England and Wales, the 2001 census included four sub-categories of mixed ethnic combinations: "Mixed White and Black Caribbean", "Mixed White and Black African", "Mixed White and Asian" and "Any other Mixed background", with the latter allowing people to write in their ethnicity. Analysis of census results shows that, in England and Wales only, 237,000 people stated their ethnicity as Mixed White and Black Caribbean, 189,000 as Mixed White and Asian, 156,000 as Other Mixed, and 79,000 Mixed White and Black African. [17]
The estimates for mid-2009 for England only suggest that there are 301,300 people in the Mixed White and Black Caribbean category, 127,500 Mixed White and Black African, 292,400 Mixed White and Asian, and 235,500 Other Mixed. [10] The White and Black African group grew fastest in percentage terms from 2001 to 2009, followed by White and Asian, Other Mixed and then White and Black Caribbean. [10]
The 2011 Census for England and Wales suggested that compared with 2001, the proportion of the population describing themselves as "Mixed White and Black Caribbean" rose from 0.5% to 0.8%, "Mixed White and Asian" from 0.4% to 0.6%, "Mixed White and Black African" from 0.2% to 0.3% and "Other Mixed" 0.3% to 0.5%. [18]
The census forms in Scotland and Northern Ireland did not include sub-groups, but rather single categories: "Any Mixed Background" in Scotland and simply "Mixed" in Northern Ireland. [19]
Ethnic group within the Mixed group (in England and Wales) | 2021 [20] | ||
---|---|---|---|
Population | % of total pop | % of group makeup | |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and Black Caribbean | 513,042 | 0.9 | 29.9% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and Asian (unspecified) | 488,225 | 0.8 | 28.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and Black African | 249,596 | 0.4 | 14.5% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Other Mixed | 107,957 | 0.2 | 6.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Any other ethnic group | 54,986 | 0.1 | 3.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Hispanic or Latin American | 28,064 | 0.0 | 1.6% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: European Mixed, European unspecified, other European | 26,572 | 0.0 | 1.5% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Black and White (unspecified) | 18,164 | 0.0 | 1.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and Arab | 16,359 | 0.0 | 1.0% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Black and Asian | 14,355 | 0.0 | 0.8% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and North African or Middle Eastern | 12,904 | 0.0 | 0.8% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British | 11,880 | 0.0 | 0.7% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Other White, White unspecified | 11,092 | 0.0 | 0.6% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Arab | 7,777 | 0.0 | 0.5% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Chinese and White | 7,642 | 0.0 | 0.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Caribbean | 7,579 | 0.0 | 0.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Caribbean Asian | 7,516 | 0.0 | 0.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Brazilian | 6,569 | 0.0 | 0.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mixed White | 6,389 | 0.0 | 0.4% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: South American | 5,989 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mauritian/Seychellois/Maldivian/Sao Tomean/St Helenian | 5,741 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Iranian | 5,364 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Turkish | 5,149 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mixed Black | 4,995 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Polynesian/Micronesian/Melanesian | 4,900 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mixed Irish | 4,432 | 0.0 | 0.3% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: African Asian | 4,071 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: African unspecified | 3,925 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and South Asian | 3,886 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: English | 3,803 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Other Middle East | 3,647 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Indian or British Indian | 3,515 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: European and Black African | 3,450 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White and East Asian | 3,111 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White Caribbean | 3,077 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: European and North African or Middle Eastern | 3,003 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: South Asian and European | 2,965 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Chinese | 2,871 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Other Asian, Asian unspecified | 2,849 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Asian (unspecified) and European | 2,805 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mexican | 2,655 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Jewish | 2,595 | 0.0 | 0.2% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Portuguese | 2,508 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Anglo Indian | 2,473 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: European and Black Caribbean | 2,266 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Italian | 2,248 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Black and European | 2,185 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Black British | 2,050 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: White African | 2,017 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Mixed South Asian | 1,999 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Turkish Cypriot | 1,985 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Greek Cypriot | 1,968 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: African/Arab | 1,924 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Chinese and other Asian | 1,907 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Moroccan | 1,879 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Spanish | 1,793 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: Pakistani or British Pakistani | 1,691 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups: South African | 1,620 | 0.0 | 0.1% |
The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at over 67.0 million in 2020. It is the 21st most populated country in the world and has a population density of 270 people per square kilometre, with England having significantly greater density than Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Almost a third of the population lives in south east England, which is predominantly urban and suburban, with about 9 million in the capital city, London, whose population density is just over 5,200 per square kilometre.
Demographics of Wales include the numbers in population, place of birth, age, ethnicity, religion, and number of marriages in Wales.
The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably. The population of England at the 2021 census was about 56,489,800.
A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194.
The demography of London is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of the Greater London wards, the City of London and the 32 London boroughs, the Inner London and Outer London statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in London, and for all of Greater London as a whole. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater London Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup. The total population of London as of 2021 is 8,799,800.
White British is an ethnicity classification used for the native white population identifying as English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Northern Irish, or British in the United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population was 49,997,686, 81.5% of Great Britain's total population. For the United Kingdom entirely, due to different reporting measures within Northern Ireland which includes all those who identified as British with those who identified as Irish, an amalgamated total of 52,320,080 including those who identified as White Irish in Great Britain is given making up 82.8% of the population.
This article is intended to give an overview of the demography of Slough. In 2016, Slough had a population of 149,000 people.
The demography of Greater Manchester is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data is produced for each of its ten metropolitan boroughs, each of the Greater Manchester electoral wards, the NUTS3 statistical sub-regions, each of the Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester, the 15 civil parishes in Greater Manchester, and for all of Greater Manchester as a whole; the latter of which had a population of 2,682,500 at the 2011 UK census. Additionally, data is produced for the Greater Manchester Urban Area. Statistical information is produced about the size and geographical breakdown of the population, the number of people entering and leaving country and the number of people in each demographic subgroup.
A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
White Irish is an ethnicity classification used in the 2011 United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White Irish population was 585,177 or 1% of Great Britain's total population.
Cornwall is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England in the United Kingdom. At the 2011 census it had a population of 532,000. Cornwall is the homeland of the Cornish people, and many within Cornwall identify with a Cornish ethnic or national identity, although, due to Cornwall's political status as part of England and the United Kingdom, as well as in-migration from other parts of the UK and EU, additional identities such as English, British, and European may also be adopted.
Leicester, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse city. It is the thirteenth most populous city in the United Kingdom.
Nottingham, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse city. It is the sixteenth most populous city in the United Kingdom.
Luton, Bedfordshire, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse town of 203,201 people. It's primarily urban, with a population density of 4,696/km2 (12,160/sq mi). Luton has seen several waves of immigration. In the early part of the 20th century, there was internal migration of Irish and Scottish people to the town. These were followed by Afro-Caribbean and Asian immigrants. More recently immigrants from other European Union countries have made Luton their home. As a result of this Luton has a diverse ethnic mix, with a significant population of Asian descent, mainly Pakistani 29,353 (14.4%) and Bangladeshi 13,606 (6.7%).
Leeds, England is the third most populous city in the United Kingdom.
Coventry, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse city. It is the fifteenth most populous city in the United Kingdom.
White people in the United Kingdom are a multi-ethnic group of UK residents who identify as and are perceived to be 'white people'. White people constitute the historical and current majority of the people living in the United Kingdom, with 87.2% of the population identifying as white in the 2011 United Kingdom census.
Mixed White and Black African people in the United Kingdom are a multi-ethnic and biracial group of UK-residents who identify with, or are perceived to have, both White and Black African ancestry.
MixedWhite and Black Caribbean is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of a White ethnic background and Black Caribbean ethnic background. This classification is only used in England and Wales, as Scotland and Northern Ireland do not have sub categories for their mixed group options.
MixedWhite and Asian is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of a White (unspecificed) ethnic background and Asian (unspecified) ethnic background. This classification is only used in England and Wales, as Scotland and Northern Ireland do not have sub categories for their mixed group options.