Moesziomyces

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Moesziomyces
Moesziomyces (10.3897-mycokeys.52.30461) Figure 2.jpg
Various images of Moesziomyces species
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Ustilaginomycetes
Order:
Ustilaginales
Family:
Ustilaginaceae
Genus:
Moesziomyces

Vánky (2013)
Type species
Moesziomyces bullatus
(J. Schröt.) Vánky, 1977
Synonyms

TolypodermaThirumalachar & M.J.O'Brien, 1978

Moesziomyces is a fungal genus in the family Ustilaginaceae.

Contents

They produce sori in the ovaries of grasses, don't have a columella, and have spores with irregular meshes and wings on the surface, bound in firmly agglutinated spore balls. They are Teleomorphs, have a fruiting body. [1]

Moesziomyces spp. are mainly isolated from plant surfaces and provides a natural source of protection against powdery mildews. Several Moesziomyces species have been reported to exhibit biological activity against biodegradable plastics, which are usually used in a number of industrial processes. [2]

Moesziomyces spp. produce a wide range of value-added chemicals (such as secondary metabolites) which contains extracellular glycolipids, such as mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) and ustilagic acid. [3] [4] These lipids have biosurfactant properties and can be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications and are known for their strong fungicidal activity on many species. [5] These are potentially better than soy bean oils. [6]

Specimens of M. aphidis have been collected from water samples and on Rhizophora mangle leaves along the Perequê-Áçu River, located in São Paulo State, Brazil. [7]

Problems

Moesziomyces aphidis is known to be a fruit pathogen on pears in Japan (Yasuda et al. 2007), [8] but it is now reported as causing fruit stain on grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) in China. [9] Moesziomyces bullatus has been found on species of Pennisetum typloides infecting the flowers, the stigma and styles. [10] It is found (with other fungal species) in Hausa koko , a Ghanaian fermented cereal porridge. [11] Other species have been found on other plants such as Echinochloa kimberleyensis in Australia (Moesziomyces kimberleyensis). Leersia hexandra (Moesziomyces globuligerus) and Echinochloa crus-galli in China, Moesziomyces antarcticus. [1]

In recent years, more and more human cases infected by plant fungus have been reported. About 16 human infected cases have been documented, caused by 10 kinds of Moesziomyces or Pseudozyma species. These have been reported in places such as the United States, China, Thailand, Brazil, India, France, Argentina, Korea and Nigeria from 2003 to 2015. Most of the cases were shown as fungaemia (yeasts in the blood). [12] Up to 35 cases were recorded in 2022, with 14 cases of newborns. [13] [14]

Moesziomyces spp. are connected with poaceous plants (Grass family), and Moesziomyces bullatus is commonly associated with smut in pearl millet. In Nigeria, it was then linked to sepsis of a female neonate born prematurely in 2015. This is a very rare case. [15]

Taxonomy

The genus name of Moesziomyces is in honour of Gustav von Moesz (1873-1946), who was a Hungarian mycologist and teacher of Phytopathology and Phytogeography. He taught in Brassó and Budapest. [16]

The genus was circumscribed by Kálmán Géza Vánky in Bot. Not. vol.130 on page 133 in 1977.

In a major revision of the Ustilaginomycetes (Wang et al. 2015) several species have been referred to the genus Moesziomyces. Such as Sterigmatomyces aphidis now Moesziomyces aphidis and

Species

As accepted by GBIF; [17]

Former species; [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginales</span> Order of fungi

The Ustilaginales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contained 8 families, 49 genera, and 851 species in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginomycotina</span> Subdivision of fungi

The Ustilaginomycotina is a subdivision within the division Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi. It consists of the classes Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and in 2014 the subdivision was reclassified and the two additional classes Malasseziomycetes and Monilielliomycetes added. The name was first published by Doweld in 2001; Bauer and colleagues later published it in 2006 as an isonym. Ustilagomycotina and Agaricomycotina are considered to be sister groups, and they are in turn sister groups to the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.

Moniliella is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Ustilaginomycotina. It is in the monotypic family MoniliellaceaeQ.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai & Boekhout, which is in the monotypic order MoniliellalesQ.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai & Boekhout which is in the monotypic class MoniliellomycetesQ.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai & Boekhout.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agaricostilbomycetes</span> Class of fungi

The Agaricostilbomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, six families, and 15 genera. Most species are known only from their yeast states. Where known, basidiocarps (fruitbodies) are typically small and stilboid (pin-shaped).

Filobasidium is a genus of fungi in the family Filobasidiaceae. Most species are only known from their yeast states, but some produce hyphae with haustorial cells, indicating that they are parasites of other fungi. Basidia are tubular with terminal, sessile basidiospores. Basidiocarps are not formed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Ustilaginaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginomycetes. Collectively, the family contains 17 genera and 607 species.

Farysia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae.

Cystofilobasidium is a genus of fungi in the family Cystofilobasidiaceae. Species occur as yeasts, but produce filamentous sexual states that form dikaryote teliospores, from which the unicellular basidia are formed. The hyphae usually have dolipore septa without a parenthesome, and their cell walls contain xylose. The genus currently contains nine species worldwide.

The Holtermanniales are an order in the fungal class Tremellomycetes. The order contains two genera. Species of Holtermannia produce groups of horn-like gelatinous basidiocarps on wood and have associated yeast states. Species of Holtermaniella are only known as yeasts.

Naganishia is a genus of fungi in the family Filobasidiaceae. Species are currently only known from their yeast states, most of which were formerly referred to the genus Cryptococcus. Some 15 species have been described worldwide. Naganishia albida is an occasional human pathogen.

The Bulleraceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family currently contains five genera. Some species produce gelatinous basidiocarps and were formerly placed in the genus Tremella. Most, however, are only known from their yeast states.

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Solicoccozyma is a genus of fungi in the family Piskurozymaceae. Species have only been isolated in their yeast states, several of which were formerly referred to the genus Cryptococcus, but can produce filamentous states with basidia in culture. Nine species have been described worldwide.

The Trichosporonaceae are a family of fungi in the order Trichosporonales. The family currently contains six genera. Species are not known to produce basidiocarps, but exist as yeasts or produce septate hyphae with arthroconidia. Several species are human pathogens.

The Tetragoniomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Trichosporonales. The family currently contains four genera. Several species are only known from their yeast states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carcinomycetaceae</span> Genus of fungi

The Carcinomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family currently contains a single genus. Some species produce filamentous sexual states with basidia and are parasites of other fungi. Some, however, are only known from their yeast states.

The Spiculogloeomycetes are a class of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The class consists of a single order, the Spiculogloeales, together with an additional, unassigned genus, Meniscomyces. Many species are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.

The Spiculogloeales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina of the Basidiomycota. The order is currently monotypic, consisting of a single family, the Spiculogloeaceae. Species in the genus Phyllozyma are currently known only from their yeast states. Species in the genus Spiculogloea form hyphal states that produce auricularioid basidia and are parasitic on other fungi.

The Cystobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The family currently comprises two genera, both of which contain fungal parasites with auricularioid basidia, some of which are known only from their yeast states.

Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps on various ascomycetous fungi on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Li, Ying-Ming; Shivas, Roger G.; Li, Bao-Ju; Cai, Lei (2019). "Diversity of Moesziomyces (Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycotina) on Echinochloa and Leersia (Poaceae)". MycoKeys. 52: 1–16. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.52.30461 . PMC   6522466 . PMID   31139007.
  2. ↑ Kitamoto, H., Yoshida, S., Koitabashi, M., Yamamoto-Tamura, K., Ueda, H., Yarimizu, T., et al. (2018). Enzymatic degradation of poly-butylene succinate-co-adipate film in rice husks by yeast Pseudozyma antarctica in indoor conditions. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 125, 199–204. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.017
  3. ↑ Morita, Tomotake; Fukuoka, Tokuma; Imura, Tomohiro; Kitamoto, Dai (2009-05-01). "Production of glycolipid biosurfactants by basidiomycetous yeasts". Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 53 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1042/BA20090033. ISSN   1470-8744. PMID   19341364. S2CID   27322169.
  4. ↑ Bölker, Michael; Basse, Christoph W.; Schirawski, Jan (2008-08-01). "Ustilago maydis secondary metabolism—From genomics to biochemistry". Fungal Genetics and Biology. Thematic Issue: Ustilago maydis. 45, Supplement 1: S88–S93. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.05.007. PMID   18585066.
  5. ↑ Feldbrügge, Michael; Kellner, Ronny; Schipper, Kerstin (2013-03-02). "The biotechnological use and potential of plant pathogenic smut fungi". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 97 (8): 3253–3265. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-4777-1. ISSN   0175-7598. PMID   23455565. S2CID   18520974.
  6. ↑ Bastidas-Oyanedel, Juan-Rodrigo; Schmidt, Jens Ejbye (2019-04-15). Biorefinery: Integrated Sustainable Processes for Biomass Conversion to Biomaterials, Biofuels, and Fertilizers. Springer. ISBN   978-3-030-10961-5.
  7. ↑ "aphidis :: Marine Fungi". www.marinefungi.org. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  8. ↑ 文俊, 安田; 大輔, 山岸; 宏毅, 伊澤; 基一朗, 児玉; 浩, 尾谷 (2007). "担子菌系酵母様菌Meira geulakonigiiおよびPseudozyma aphidisによるナシ汚果病（病原追加）". 日本植物病理学会報. 73 (3): 166–171. doi: 10.3186/jjphytopath.73.166 .
  9. ↑ Ding, S.; Cao, M.; Chen, G.; Xie, S.; Huang, Q.; Zhang, J.; Cheng, G.; Zhou, S.; Li, W. (February 2020). "First Report of Fruit Stain Caused by Moesziomyces aphidis on Grape in China". Plant Disease. 104 (2): 586. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1348-PDN . S2CID   204152576.
  10. ↑ Bulgarian Mycological Society Mycologia Balcanica, Volumes 1-3, 2004 at Google Books
  11. ↑ Brian Gibson, Rosane Freitas Schwan and Jian Zhao (editors) Interspecies Interactions Within Fermented Food Systems and Their Impact on ...(2022) , p. 69, at Google Books
  12. ↑ Liu, Yuan; Zo, Ziying; Hu, Zonghai; Wang, Wenbo; Xiong, Jie (15 February 2019). "Morphology and Molecular Analysis of Moesziomyces antarcticus Isolated From the Blood Samples of a Chinese Patient". Front. Microbiol. 10: 254. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00254 . PMC   6384246 . PMID   30828326.
  13. ↑ Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi, G. Sybren De Hoog, Jianping Xu and Min Chen (editors) Epidemiology of Fungal Infections (2022)&pg=PA87 Moesziomyces , p. 87, at Google Books
  14. ↑ Mpakosi, Alexandra; Siopi, Maria; Demetriou, Maria; Falaina, Vasiliki; Theodoraki, Martha; Meletiadis, Joseph (August 2022). "Fungemia due to Moesziomyces aphidis (Pseudozyma aphidis) in a premature neonate. Challenges in species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of rare yeasts". Journal of Medical Mycology. 32 (3): 101258. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101258. PMID   35247802. S2CID   247089511.
  15. ↑ Okolo, Ojogba Mark; van Diepeningen, Anne D.; Toma, Bose; Nnadi, Nnaemeka Emmanuel; Ayanbimpe, Mebi Grace; Onyedibe, Ikenna Kenneth; Sabitu, Mohammed Zaino; Banwat, Benle Edmund; Groenewald, Marizeth; Scordino, Fabio; Egah, Zanyul Daniel; Criseo, Giuseppe; Romeo, Orazio (2015). "First report of neonatal sepsis due to Moesziomyces bullatus in a preterm low-birth-weight infant". JMM Case Reports. 2 (2). doi: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000011 .
  16. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names](pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN   978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID   246307410 . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  17. ↑ "Moesziomyces Vánky". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  18. ↑ "Moesziomyces - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 21 March 2023.

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