Moodu Pani

Last updated

Moodu Pani
Moodu Pani poster.jpg
Theatrical poster
Directed by Balu Mahendra
Screenplay byBalu Mahendra
Based onIdhuvum Oru
Viduthalai Thaan
by Rajendra Kumar
Starring
CinematographyBalu Mahendra
Edited byD. Vasu
Music by Ilaiyaraaja
Production
company
Raja Cine Arts
Release date
  • 6 November 1980 (1980-11-06)
Running time
131 minutes [1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Moodu Pani (English: The Mist) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film written, directed and filmed by Balu Mahendra. Starring his then wife Shoba and Pratap, with N. Viswanathan, Gandhimathi, Mohan and Bhanu Chander in supporting roles, it is based on two novels: Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan (1978) by Rajendra Kumar, and The Collector (1963) by John Fowles. The film follows Chandru (Pratap), who has a strong hatred towards prostitutes and would kill any such woman he encounters. He falls in love with Rekha (Shoba) and believes marrying her will end his psychological distress.

Contents

Moodu Pani was the third directorial venture of Mahendra and his second in Tamil after Azhiyatha Kolangal (1979). It also marked Mohan's debut in Tamil cinema, and the last film Shoba acted in before her death. Principal photography took place between January and April 1980, mostly in Udupi, Bangalore and Ooty. The film's similarities to Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho (1960) have been widely discussed. The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, this being his 100th film, and his brother Gangai Amaran was the main lyricist.

Moodu Pani was released on 6 November 1980, during the Diwali holiday frame. The film received critical acclaim, with particular praise for the performances of Pratap and Shoba, and Ilaiyaraaja's music; the song "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae" attained immense popularity. It was a commercial success, running for over 200 days in theatres, and responsible for a resurgence of the thriller genre in Tamil cinema at that point. Despite the film propelling Pratap to stardom, it also led to him being typecast in similar roles.

Plot

Chandru, a wealthy businessman in Bangalore, has an uncontrollable hatred for prostitutes, a consequence of having watched his mother being beaten by his father frequently after he spent a night with a prostitute. Raghunath, a police inspector, knows Chandru and his mother. His son Ravi is engaged to Rekha, the daughter of his friend.

Haunted by memories of the prostitute, Chandru lures two prostitutes to lonely places and murders them as he sees that woman in each of them. Rekha's friend Pallavi comes to Bangalore to meet her, and telephones her for her residential address. The conversation is overheard by the Madam of a brothel, who misleads Pallavi. Instead of being taken to Rekha's house, Pallavi is taken to the brothel and forced into prostitution. Rekha and Raghunath search for Pallavi. Chandru comes to the same brothel, takes Pallavi in his car and later kills her. Rekha learns of Pallavi's murder through Raghunath; neither are aware that Chandru is the murderer.

Still photographer Bhaskar takes pictures of his lover with a motorbike in the background. Chandru, who had come on that motorbike, had parked it there and murdered a prostitute who enticed him near the same location, then rode away. Reading about the murder in a newspaper, Bhaskar shows Raghunath the pictures with the murderer's motorbike in the background. Raghunath investigates and learns that the owner has lent it to his friend.

Troubled by his constant anger, Chandru meets with a psychiatrist who advises him to marry soon so that he will no longer be lonely, saying the loneliness is leading him to dwell on his past and indulge in extreme acts. Chandru meets Rekha at a theatre and then at a book stall. He proposes to Rekha and even pleads with her to marry him. Surprised at his extreme pleading, Rekha politely tells him that she loves someone else (Ravi), and their marriage is already fixed. Raghunath is startled when Rekha tells him about Chandru's marriage proposal.

Chandru keeps following Rekha; one day he makes her unconscious and takes her away to a bungalow in Ooty. When she regains consciousness, he tells her that he had purchased this house in Ooty only for her, and again asks her to marry him. When Rekha refuses and begs to be freed, he asks her to stay for at least a month so that she can understand him better, and then reduces it to a week. He makes all the arrangements to ensure that she cannot escape. Rekha later slams Chandru with a spade and runs away. He manages to catch and imprison her in the garage of his house, but is hospitalised for his injury.

Raghunath visits Chandru's office for an enquiry and learns that he has gone to Ooty. He also meets Chandru's psychiatrist and learns about his hatred for prostitutes. He immediately connects this with the recent news of the prostitutes murdered in the city. Raghunath visits Chandru's house and, hidden in the garage, he finds the motorbike photographed by Bhaskar. With his suspicions growing stronger, he arrives in Ooty to meet Chandru and visits the police station, where he finds Chandru's car. The area's inspector tells Raghunath that an unknown person came in the car to the hospital and was admitted; the car was brought to the police station for safety. Raghunath visits the hospital, but finds that Chandru has left. Raghunath is joined by Ravi, and both rush to Chandru's house.

Meanwhile, Rekha escapes from the garage and enters the room where Chandru earlier claimed his mother stays. However, she finds only a skeleton and is cornered by Chandru, who tries to assault her. Ravi and Raghunath hear Rekha screaming and rush to the room. Raghunath subdues Chandru, who collapses and reveals that the skeleton is his mother's. Raghunath understands Chandru's love for his mother and his traumatic childhood, which had made him develop a hatred for women with loose morals. Chandru is arrested, while Rekha and Ravi unite.

Cast

Additionally, Bhanu Chander appears uncredited as Rekha's lover Ravi. [6] [7]

Production

Development

After directing and writing two original films: the Kannada film Kokila (1977) and the Tamil film Azhiyatha Kolangal (1979), Balu Mahendra decided that his third directorial venture be based on a published novel. [8] The film, which would later be titled Moodu Pani, was an adaptation of Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan, a 1978 Tamil novel by Rajendra Kumar, [9] [10] and The Collector , a 1963 English novel by John Fowles. Mahendra said he based 40% of the film on Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan, and 60% on The Collector. [11] It was produced by Raja Cine Arts, [12] and edited by D. Vasu. [4] In addition to writing the screenplay and directing the film, Mahendra also served as the cinematographer. The producer of the film is not credited, while K. R. Shanmugham is listed under "Thayarippu Nirvagam" (production administration). [12]

Casting

Pratap, who previously collaborated with Mahendra on Azhiyatha Kolangal, [13] was cast as Chandru, the mild-mannered and psychopathic serial killer of prostitutes. [14] [15] Mahendra's wife Shoba, who had appeared in both Kokila and Azhiyatha Kolangal, [16] was chosen to play the female lead, with Mahendra claiming the film was "specially made" for her. She was credited in the opening titles as "Shoba Mahendra". [8] Mohan, who later became a leading actor in Tamil cinema, made his debut in Tamil with this film, [17] playing the still photographer Bhaskar. [5] It was his second film under Mahendra's direction after Kokila, [18] and he was credited as "Kokila Mohan". [19]

Filming

Principal photography for Moodu Pani began in January 1980 and ended in late April, a few days before Shoba's suicide on 1 May, making this the last film she acted in; [8] [20] the last song to be filmed was "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae". [21] The film was shot primarily in Udupi, [22] Bangalore and Ooty. [23] [24] Mahendra shot the film in hilly places "to capture that misty feel". [25] During the post-production phase, Anuraatha Rajkrishna was chosen to dub Shoba's voice; in preparation, she "spent days on an empty stomach" to get the right speaking style. [26] In making Moodu Pani, Mahendra faced the challenge of distinguishing it from Bharathiraja's Sigappu Rojakkal (1978), which had a similar theme. [24] The final length of the film was 3,848 metres (12,625 ft). [27]

Themes

Although Moodu Pani is officially based on Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan, [12] it is widely discussed as also having been inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Psycho (1960). [11] [28] [29] [30] R. Ilangovan of Frontline stated that while Mahendra was inspired by Psycho, his camera work, the "mist-covered nights" of Bangalore and Ooty, and the "weirdness" of the subject made the film "unique". [24] While Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan and its author were acknowledged in the opening credits of the film, Hitchcock and Psycho were not. [12] According to Sify, there is a strong similarity between Moodu Pani and Psycho as the male leads in both films keep the skeletal remains of their respective mothers, which they continue to communicate with. [31] Chellappa of Hindu Tamil Thisai compared Moodu Pani to Psycho and Sigappu Rojakkal as all three films depict their leads as committing murders to achieve peace of mind. [32] Mahendra's disciple Ameer noted the Oedipal elements between Chandru and his deceased mother. [33]

Mahendra described the film as a suspense thriller, [13] while N. Venkateswaran of The Times of India described it as a psychological thriller. [34] Devika Bai, writing for the New Straits Times , referred to it as a whodunit film. [35] In the 2017 book Indian Horror Cinema, Mithuraaj Dhusiya likened it to a slasher film because of the numerous prostitutes murdered by Chandru. [36] K. Hariharan, director of the L. V. Prasad Film & TV Academy, noted that sexuality and the repression of desire were the dominant motifs in Moodu Pani, expressed through the mysterious misty atmospheres of Ooty where the protagonist confronts their psychological antagonist. [23] He also noted that Moodu Pani, like many of Mahendra's films, borrowed its themes and stylistic devices from French New Wave and New Hollywood styles of filmmaking. [37] Ilangovan noted that Chandru's character, which was depicted as having flashes of wickedness bordering on perversion, was new to Tamil cinema. [24] Crime fiction writer Pattukkottai Prabakar considers Moodu Pani, along with Sigappu Rojakkal and Nooravathu Naal (1984), to explore the personalities and behavioural traits of psychopaths in detail. [38]

Music

The film's soundtrack and score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja, this being his 100th film, [39] [40] and was released under the label EMI Records. [41] [42] It was also the first film in which he collaborated with Mahendra; [43] Ilaiyaraaja would later compose for all of Mahendra's films until Thalaimuraigal (2013), the director's last film before his death in February 2014. [44]

"Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae" was written in January 1980, [45] and is set in Natabhairavi, a Carnatic raga. [46] According to Gangai Amaran, who wrote the song, it was one of the hardest songs in the album to write. [47] Mahendra wanted a song depicting Chandru playing the guitar and asked Ilaiyaraaja for a tune; [48] Ilaiyaraaja played the "scratch notes" of the song that would become "Ilaya Nila", but Mahendra was not pleased and asked for another tune; Ilaiyaraaja gave him the tune of "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae", and this was retained; [22] [49] K. J. Yesudas would sing it. [50] Like "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae", the song "Paruva Kaalangalin" is also set in Natabhairavi. [51]

Track listing [42]
Side 1
No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae" Gangai Amaran K. J. Yesudas 4:10
2."Paruva Kaalangalin"Gangai Amaran Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki 3:00
Side 2
No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Sing Swing"Viji ManuelKalyan4:57
2."Aasai Raja"Gangai Amaran Uma Ramanan 1:04

Release

Moodu Pani was released on 6 November 1980, during the Diwali holiday frame. [19] [21] Despite facing competition from other Diwali releases such as Nizhalgal and another Pratap film Varumayin Niram Sivappu , [52] [53] the film was commercially successful, running for over 200 days in theatres. [54]

Reception

Moodu Pani received critical acclaim, [55] [56] with critics praising the performances of Pratap and Shoba. [57] [58] Ananda Vikatan , in its review dated 30 November 1980, said that half the dialogues in the film were spoken by the camera, and felt that when there was great cinematography, there was no need for screenplay and dialogues. [59] Soundara Kailasam of Kalki appreciated the film for various aspects, including Shoba's performance, Ilaiyaraaja's music, the fewer songs, and the cinematography. [60]

Legacy

For some reason, despite names like Balu Mahendra and Yesudas being associated with this song, people get reminded of me when they listen to this. I have no idea what I did so well in this song to deserve that. This was also my last song with Shoba. I remember how we looked into the sky just before the line, 'Panneerai Thoovum Mazhai'. Balu Mahendra made me listen to this song for the first time in Chola Sheraton. I learned just then that he got married to Shoba. I told him that this song was so beautiful, that it was a great wedding gift for him from Ilaiyaraaja.

— Pratap, on the song "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae", The Hindu. [61]

After Sigappu Rojakkal, there was a resurgence of the thriller genre in Tamil cinema, as evidenced by films like Moodu Pani. [62] According to film producer and writer G. Dhananjayan, the film "inspired a generation to take up film-making". [63] M. Suganth of The Times of India stated that Mahendra "changed the landscape of Tamil cinema with his distinctive visuals and eclectic films" such as Moodu Pani. [64] Following Mahendra's death, K. S. Sivakumaran of Ceylon Today described the film as "halfway between artistic and merely entertaining." [65] Pratap recalled in January 2015 that it was the simultaneous release of Moodu Pani and Varumayin Niram Sivappu that made him a star. [53] However, both Varumayin Niram Sivappu (which depicted Pratap as an eccentric director obsessed with an actress) and Moodu Pani led to him being typecast in similar roles. "Both roles caught the public imagination, and I admit I cashed in when I was offered similar stuff. Now, unless I'm offered an unreasonable amount of money, I doubt I'll accept these roles," he said in 2014. [15] [66]

In Iruvar Mattum (2006), Azhagu (Abhay) keeps the skeletal remains of his mother and frequently talks to her; Sify compared this plot detail to that of Moodu Pani and Psycho. [31] Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu, in her review of Julie Ganapathi (2003) a film about a mentally deranged woman (Saritha) who saves an accident victim (Jayaram) from death, nurses him in her own home and also falls in love with him, but holds him captive there, stated that the film had "shades" of Moodu Pani. [67] Actor Veera stated that he watched Moodu Pani in preparation for his role as a psychopath in the thriller Nadunisi Naaygal (2011). [68] Reviewing Amara Kaaviyam (2014), K. Siddharth of Sify praised its cinematographer Jeeva Shankar for "showcasing Ooty in trademark [Balu Mahendra's] way" in the style of Moodu Pani. [69]

In Vaaranam Aayiram (2008), when Suriya's character first sees Sameera Reddy's character and falls in love with her, he takes his guitar and performs "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae". [70] [71] Pratap expressed appreciation for Suriya's version of the song in a May 2015 interview, saying that he had "enjoyed it". [61] In June 2014 during Ilaiyaraaja's 71st birthday, singers Shweta Mohan and Aalap Raju collaborated to make a video in which they performed some of Ilaiyaraaja's songs as a tribute to him; one song was "Yen Iniya Pon Nilavae". [72] Although no print of Moodu Pani is known to survive, [73] [74] the film is still available on home video. [75] [76]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balu Mahendra</span> Film director in Indian cinema (1939–2014)

Balanathan Benjamin Mahendran, commonly known as Balu Mahendra, cinematographer, director, screenwriter and film editor who worked in various Indian film industries, primarily in Tamil and Malayalam cinema. Born in Sri Lanka, Mahendran developed a passion for photography and literature at a young age, after witnessing the shoot of David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) during a school trip in Sri Lanka, he was drawn towards filmmaking. After graduation he joined as an Aerial photographer in the Sri Lankan Government. In 1966, he moved to India and gained admission to the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) to pursue a course in motion picture photography. Upon completion of his diploma, he entered Malayalam cinema as a cinematographer in the early 1970s.

<i>Pallavi Anu Pallavi</i> 1983 film by Mani Ratnam

Pallavi Anu Pallavi is a 1983 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam in his debut. The film stars Anil Kapoor, Lakshmi, and Kiran Vairale. It revolves around a young man falling in love with a slightly older woman. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, while cinematography was handled by Balu Mahendra. The film is also Kapoor's debut in Kannada cinema.

<i>Moondram Pirai</i> 1982 film by Balu Mahendra

Moondram Pirai is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written, directed and filmed by Balu Mahendra. The film stars Kamal Haasan and Sridevi, while Y. G. Mahendran, Silk Smitha and Poornam Viswanathan played supporting roles. It revolves around a school teacher who rescues a woman with retrograde amnesia, from a brothel, and protects her in his house located in Ketti. The rest of the film shows how the woman recovers her memory with the teacher's help.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoba</span> Indian actress (1962–1980)

Mahalakshmi Menon, best known by her stagename Shobha, was an Indian actress best known for her work in Malayalam and Tamil films. At the age of 17, she won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her role in the 1979 Tamil film Pasi. She also received three Kerala State Film Awards: for Best Actress (1978), Best Supporting Actress (1977) and Best Child Artist (1971); and two Filmfare Awards South for Best Actress in Kannada (1978) and Tamil (1979) films. Considered one of the finest talents to have emerged in the Indian film world, her promising career was unexpectedly cut short as she committed suicide in 1980, due to unknown reasons. Her popularity resulted in considerable public scrutiny of the events that led to her death and also various conspiracy theories. The 1983 Malayalam film Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback is supposedly based on her life and death.

<i>Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam</i> 2005 film by Balu Mahendra

Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Balu Mahendra. The film featured Dhanush and Priyamani, while Karunas and Delhi Ganesh played supporting roles. The music for the film was scored by Ilaiyaraaja, while Sai Suresh produced the venture. The film is a remake of the director's own Malayalam film Yathra. The film was released on 2 November 2005, coinciding with Diwali, and received a below average response commercially.

<i>Un Kannil Neer Vazhinthal...</i> 1985 film by Balu Mahendra

Un Kannil Neer Vazhinthal... is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Balu Mahendra. It stars Rajinikanth and Madhavi, with Y. G. Mahendran in a prominent role. V. K. Ramasamy and Senthamarai play other pivotal roles. The film, released on 20 June 1985, was an average grosser at the box office and had a theatrical run of 75 days.

<i>Mullum Malarum</i> 1978 film by J. Mahendran

Mullum Malarum is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Mahendran. Produced by Venu Chettiar and V. Mohan, the film stars Rajinikanth, Sarath Babu, Jayalaxmi and Shoba. It marks Mahendran's directorial debut and is partly based on Uma Chandran's novel of the same name, which was serialised in the Tamil magazine Kalki in 1966. Mullum Malarum tells the story of Kali (Rajinikanth), a winch operator of a cable trolley who dotes on his sister Valli (Shoba) since they were orphaned, and clashes with his boss Kumaran.

<i>Varumayin Niram Sivappu</i> 1980 film by K. Balachander

Varumaiyin Niram Sivappu is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by K. Balachander. It was dubbed and partially reshot in Telugu as Aakali Rajyam. The film stars Kamal Haasan and Sridevi, with Pratap Pothen, R. Dilip and S. Ve. Shekher in supporting roles. It revolves around a group of three men in Delhi struggling with poverty and unemployment.

<i>Kokila</i> (1977 film) 1977 film by Balu Mahendra

Kokila is a 1977 Indian Kannada-language romance film directed, written and filmed by Balu Mahendra. The film stars Shoba playing the title character along with Kamal Haasan, Roja Ramani and Mohan in other prominent roles. The film marked the directorial debut of Balu Mahendra, who was a cinematographer working predominantly in South Indian films then. The film also marked the acting debut of actor Mohan.

<i>Azhiyatha Kolangal</i> 1979 film by Balu Mahendra

Azhiyatha Kolangal is a 1979 Indian Tamil-language coming-of-age drama film, directed by Balu Mahendra. It stars Shoba and Pratap Pothen. Kamal Haasan played a guest role in the film. The film was Mahendra's second directorial venture and his first in Tamil. Partly autobiographical, the film dealt with the events that happen during the adolescence of three friends who live in a small village. In addition to directing the film, Balu Mahendra wrote the screenplay and shot the film.

<i>Rettai Vaal Kuruvi</i> 1987 film by Balu Mahendra

Rettai Vaal Kuruvi is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed, written and photographed by Balu Mahendra, starring Mohan, Radhika and Archana. It is based on the 1984 American film Micki & Maude. The film was released on 27 February 1987.

<i>Olangal</i> 1982 Indian film

Olangal (transl. Waves) is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Balu Mahendra. The film's plot is inspired by the 1980 Erich Segal novel Man, Woman and Child.

<i>Veedu</i> 1988 film by Balu Mahendra

Veedu (transl. House) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Balu Mahendra. Starring Archana as the central character, it depicts the difficulties faced by a middle-class family in building a house. Apart from directing, Balu Mahendra wrote the script, photographed and did the editing as well. The film score by Ilaiyaraaja earned critical acclaim. At the 35th National Film Awards, the film received two awards including one for the Best Tamil Film. Archana won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 1987 for her role in this film. The film was also screened at the "Indian Panorama" of the International Film Festival of India in 1988.also it was the biggest success film in the year

<i>Neengal Kettavai</i> 1984 film by Balu Mahendra

Neengal Kettavai is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Balu Mahendra. It stars Thiagarajan, Bhanu Chander, Archana and Silk Smitha in major roles, while Jaishankar had an extended cameo as the antagonist. The film was released on 28 June 1984, and was commercially successful.

<i>Thalaimuraigal</i> 2013 Indian film

Thalaimuraigal (transl. Generations) is a 2013 Tamil-language film written, cinematography, edited, and directed by Balu Mahendra in his last directorial film. Produced by Sasikumar's Company Productions and Balu Mahendra's Cinema Pattarai, the film has Master Karthik and Balu Mahendra, while Sashikumar Subramani, Ramya Shankar, and Vinodhini Vaidyanathan appear in supporting roles and Sasikumar in a cameo appearance. The film's score was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, and the film released on 20 December 2013. At the 61st National Film Awards, the film won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration.

En Iniye Ponnilave is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Balu Mahendra, starring Pandiarajan and Mounika.

<i>Moondram Pirai</i> (soundtrack) 1982 soundtrack album by Ilaiyaraaja

Moondram Pirai is the soundtrack album to the Tamil film of the same name. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Kannadasan, Vairamuthu and Gangai Amaran.

<i>Nireekshana</i> 1986 film by Balu Mahendra

Nireekshana is a 1986 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film co-written, directed, filmed, and edited by Balu Mahendra. Produced by Linga Raju, the film stars Bhanu Chander and Archana. Allu Ramalingaiah, P. L. Narayana and Rallapalli play supporting roles. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The film was later remade in Malayalam language named Yathra. The film won two Nandi Awards. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil, under the title Kanne Kalaimane.

<i>Moodu Pani</i> (soundtrack) 1980 soundtrack album by Ilaiyaraaja

The soundtrack to the 1980 Tamil-language psychological thriller film Moodu Pani directed by Balu Mahendra, features four songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja, in his 100th film as a music director, and lyrics written by his brother Gangai Amaran and Viji Manuel. The film also marked Ilaiyaraaja's first collaboration with Mahendra who would later work in all of his films. The album was released under the label EMI Records.

<i>Payanangal Mudivathillai</i> (soundtrack) 1982 soundtrack album by Ilaiyaraaja

The soundtrack for the 1982 Tamil-language film Payanangal Mudivathillai featured seven songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja, written by Vairamuthu, Gangai Amaran and Muthulingam and performed by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and S. Janaki. The film, directed by R. Sundarrajan and produced by Kovaithambi of Motherland Pictures—marking their maiden film for Sundarrajan and Kovaithambi as director and producer—stars Mohan and Poornima Jayaram. It was released on Ilaiyaraaja's label Echo Records in LP records and cassettes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Dhananjayan 2011, p. 44.
  2. ↑ "Moodu Pani". The Star . Malaysia. 31 December 2014. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  3. ↑ Elias, Esther (4 April 2014). "The comeback man". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  4. 1 2 Shakti, Uma (13 May 2016). "மூடுபனி" [The Mist]. Dinamani (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  5. 1 2 Piousji (14 September 1980). "Khaas Baat". Sunday. Vol. 8, no. 10. p. 41. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024– via Internet Archive.
  6. ↑ "மூடுபனி" [The Mist]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  7. ↑ Piousji (14 December 1980). "Khaas Baat". Sunday. Vol. 8, no. 19. p. 55. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024– via Internet Archive.
  8. 1 2 3 Pais, Arthur (15 June 1980). "Shoba's last film". Sunday. Vol. 7, no. 50. p. 35. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023– via Internet Archive.
  9. ↑ "சுட்ட படம்" [Stolen film]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 28 October 2016. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  10. ↑ "List of Novels in Tamil Books Bibliography". Tamil Electronic Library. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  11. 1 2 வெங்கட்ராமன், கார்த்திகேயன் (14 October 2016). "'ராமாயணத்தை சினிமாவாக எடுக்க ஆசை'-இயக்குனர் பாலு மகேந்திரா" ['I am interested in adapting the Ramayana for the screen' – Director Balu Mahendra]. Dinamani (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Moodu Pani (motion picture) (in Tamil). India: Raja Cine Arts. 1980.
  13. 1 2 Mahendra, Balu (19 September 2012). "இளையராஜா என்ற மகாவித்வானும் நானும்.. -2" [Ilaiyaraaja and I – 2]. மூன்றாம் பிறை... (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  14. ↑ Ravi, Bhama Devi (6 December 2009). "Cinema of the Week: Edhuvum Nadakkum". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  15. 1 2 Srinivasan, Sudhir (18 October 2014). "Hundred, not out". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  16. ↑ "Balu Mahendra: True to the spirit of '60s,'70s, his stories were simple and visuals evocative". The Indian Express . 14 February 2014. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  17. ↑ Mahendra, Balu (12 September 2012). "இளையராஜா என்ற மகாவித்வானும் நானும்.. -1" [Ilaiyaraaja and I – 1]. மூன்றாம் பிறை... (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  18. ↑ Kumar, G. S. (14 February 2014). "Balu Mahendra captured Bangalore in all its hues". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  19. 1 2 ராம்ஜி, வி. (9 October 2019). "டைட்டிலில் 'கோகிலா' மோகன்" ['Kokila' Mohan in the titles]. Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  20. ↑ "Top Indian actress found hanged". The Gazette . Montreal. United Press International. 2 May 1980. p. 10. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2018– via Google News Archive.
  21. 1 2 ""பொண்ணு செட்டில் ஆயிட்டா; நான் வாழ்க்கையை அதுபோக்குல விட்டு ரசிக்கிறேன்!" - பிரதாப் போத்தன் : 'அப்போ இப்போ' பகுதி 14". Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 12 June 2018. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  22. 1 2 Ramanujam, Srinivasa (31 May 2018). "The Ilaiyaraaja interview: 'Why should filmmakers know about music creation?'". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  23. 1 2 Hariharan, K. (15 February 2014). "The uncompromising spirit". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Ilangovan, R. (21 March 2014). "Visual poet". Frontline . Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  25. ↑ "Whose scene is it anyway?". The New Indian Express . 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  26. ↑ S, Srivatsan (10 August 2019). "Pitch perfect: the voice behind your favourite Kollywood stars". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  27. ↑ "'MOODU PANI' (Celluloid)". Central Board of Film Certification . 28 October 1980. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  28. ↑ Krishnan, Rukmini (18 February 2014). "Balu Mahendra: A legend that lives on". Daily News and Analysis . Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  29. ↑ Ramesh, Neeraja (29 June 2016). "This bhadralok professor from Calcutta played varied shades of grey too". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 30 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  30. ↑ Hardy 1997, p. 180.
  31. 1 2 "Iruvar Mattum". Sify . 1 December 2006. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  32. ↑ செல்லப்பா (21 October 2016). "சினிமா ஸ்கோப் 19: புரியாத புதிர்" [CinemaScope 19: Mystifying Puzzle]. Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  33. ↑ Soman, Sandhya (14 February 2014). "Finding big picture in small stories". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  34. ↑ Venkateswaran, N. (14 February 2014). "Balu Mahendra, who made his visuals speak, dies at 74". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  35. ↑ Bai, Devika (15 April 2014). "The Indian Hitchcock". New Straits Times . Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  36. ↑ Dhusiya, Mithuraaj (2017). Indian Horror Cinema: (En)gendering the Monstrous. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-138-69318-0. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2019. The male protagonist is shown to have a visceral hatred towards any prostitute that he met. So much so that he would end up killing them. A slasher genre reminiscent.
  37. ↑ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 141.
  38. ↑ பிரபாகர், பட்டுக்கோட்டை (2 October 2015). "எப்படி? இப்படி! 22 – மனித மிருகங்கள் ஜாக்கிரதை!" [How? Like this! 22 – Beware of Man Animals!]. Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  39. ↑ Mathevan, Santhosh (1 December 2018). "Present-day music does not impress Ilayaraja". News Today . Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  40. ↑ "Moodupani (1980)". Raaga.com . Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  41. ↑ Ilaiyaraaja (1980). "Moodu Pani (The Mist)". The Gramophone Company of India Ltd. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  42. 1 2 Ilaiyaraaja (1981). "Moodu Pani (The Mist)". The Gramophone Company of India Ltd. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  43. ↑ "'The Music Messiah' arrives for connoisseurs". The Hindu . 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  44. ↑ "Balu-Raja endearing collaboration ends!". Sify . 14 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  45. ↑ Engeyum Eppothum Raja[Anywhere, Anytime, Raja] (concert). Toronto: Trinity Events. 13 February 2013.
  46. ↑ Sundararaman 2007, p. 128.
  47. ↑ "Episode 5". Yesudas 50. Season 2 (in Tamil). 25 October 2015. Event occurs at 1:04:15 to 1:05:00. Star Vijay – via Disney+ Hotstar.
  48. ↑ பாலசுப்ரமணியன், வி. (2 June 2018). "கற்பனையால் ரசிகர்களை வியக்க வைப்பதே வெற்றி; எல்லாவற்றையும் தாண்டிய இசை ஒன்று இருக்கிறது!: இசைஞானி இளையராஜா சிறப்பு நேர்காணல்". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  49. ↑ Vincent, Rohan Ashley (25 August 2012). "Magic in the Air". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  50. ↑ Murugesan, Deepauk (15 April 2011). "Tonal Trinity". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  51. ↑ Sundararaman 2007, p. 152.
  52. ↑ Dhananjayan, G. (14 July 2017). "Similar storylines need to show new tricks to hook fans". DT Next . Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  53. 1 2 Raman, Mohan V. (3 January 2015). "KB: Kollywood's Discovery Channel". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  54. ↑ செல்வராஜ், என். (20 March 2017). "வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள்" [Tamil films that completed silver jubilees]. Thinnai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  55. ↑ Srivatsan (16 September 2016). "Before Prithviraj and Dhanush: 5 South actors who moved to direction". India Today . Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  56. ↑ Saraswathi, S. (13 February 2014). "The Best Films of Balu Mahendra". Rediff.com . slide 2. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  57. ↑ Ravi, Bhama Devi (22 July 2008). "Now, a film on the Vadapalani murders". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  58. ↑ Kumar, S. R. Ashok (3 May 2002). "It's a heavy price to pay". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  59. ↑ "சினிமா விமர்சனம்: மூடுபனி" [Movie Review: Moodu Pani]. Ananda Vikatan (in Tamil). 30 November 1980.
  60. ↑ கைலாசம், செளந்தரா (23 November 1980). "மூடுபனி". Kalki (in Tamil). p. 32. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  61. 1 2 Srinivasan, Sudhir (9 May 2015). "Salute to Ilaiyaraaja, the king". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  62. ↑ Maderya, Kumuthan (2010). "Rage against the state: historicizing the "angry young man" in Tamil cinema". Jump Cut . No. 52. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  63. ↑ Dhananjayan, G. (13 February 2014). "Poetry through lens". Bangalore Mirror . Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  64. ↑ Suganth, M (27 November 2011). "Tribute show for Balu Mahendra". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  65. ↑ Sivakumaran, K. S. (20 February 2014). "Balu Mahendra wrote poems on celluloid". Ceylon Today . Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  66. ↑ Shiva Kumar, S. (7 March 1982). "Pratap: Being a great actor is impossible". Sunday Mid-Day . pp. 29–30. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  67. ↑ Rangarajan, Malathi (21 February 2003). "Julie Ganapathy". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  68. ↑ "'Kamal sir's role in Sigappu Rojakkal is by far the best'". Sify . 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  69. ↑ Siddharth, K. (8 September 2014). "Amara Kaaviyam". Sify . Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  70. ↑ Pillai, Sreedhar (26 September 2008). "Tribute to dads". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  71. ↑ Rangan, Baradwaj (6 June 2008). "Interview: Gautam "Vasudev" Menon". Baradwaj Rangan. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  72. ↑ Kurian, Shiba (7 June 2014). "Shweta Mohan and Aalap Raju team up". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  73. ↑ Venkateswaran, N. (20 March 2011). "The chronicler of Kollywood". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  74. ↑ Suganth, M. (13 January 2014). "It is immaterial whether you are working with a star or a non-star". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  75. ↑ Aishwarya, S. (24 January 2011). "Irretrievable loss: Early Tamil film reels disappearing fast". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  76. ↑ Venkateswaran, N. (29 April 2012). "Missing the Fine Print". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.