Morchella elata is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It is one of many related species commonly known as black morels, and until 2012 the name M. elata was broadly applied to black morels throughout the globe. Like most members of the genus, M. elata is a popular edible fungus and is sought by many mushroom hunters.
Morchella conica is an old binomial name previously applied to species of fungi in the Morchellaceae family. It is one of three scientific names that had been commonly used to describe black morels, the others being M. angusticeps and M. elata. It was first introduced by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1818, as a superfluous name for the old taxon Morchella continua. According to Richard and colleagues, Fries’ sanctioning applies only at the subgeneric level and the name is illegitimate.
Morchella frustrata is a later synonym of Morchella tridentina, a species originally described by Giacomo Bresadola from north Italy in 1898. It is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae referred to as the mountain blond or western blond morel in North America, but commonly found throughout the Mediterranean basin. It has conical, grey to buff fruit bodies that grow up to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide. Recent molecular and morphological studies have also shown Morchella frustrata to be conspecific to M. quercus-ilicis, M. elatoides, M. elatoides var. elegans and M. conica var. pseudoeximia. So far, this cosmopolitan species is known from California, Arizona, and Oregon in North America, from Argentina and Chile in South America, from Spain, France, Cyprus, Italy and Turkey in Europe, and has also been reported from Israel and India.
Morchella ulmaria is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2012 by Philippe Clowez. Later in the same year, Michael Kuo and colleagues described Morchella cryptica, which is a junior synonym of M. ulmaria. The species occurs in the forests of Midwestern North America, often associated with white ash, the American tulip tree or species of maple or elm. It is closely related to M. castanea and 2 unnamed species from Asia.
Morchella americana is a species of fungus in the Morchellaceae family native to North America. Described as new to science in 2012, it is common east of the Rocky Mountains in a range stretching from Ontario south to Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina. In western North America, the species typically is found under hardwood, especially cottonwood trees in river bottoms, or with apple trees or ornamental ashes in urban settings. The specific epithet americana refers to its occurrence in North America.
Morchella virginiana is a species of fungus in the Morchellaceae family native to North America. Described as new to science in 2012, it occurs in southeastern hardwood forests. It has been collected from North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi and Virginia, often near the American tulip tree.
Morchella capitata is a later synonym of Morchella exuberans. Originally identified as phylogenetic species Mel-9, it was described as new to science in 2012 by Kuo and colleagues. In 2014 however, Richard and colleagues clarified the taxonomic status of this species, retaining the name Morchella exuberans of Clowez (2012) over M. capitata.
Morchella anatolica is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Morchellaceae that was described as new to science in 2010. It is found in Southwest Anatolia, Turkey, where it grows on moss-covered stream beds in pine forests. The fruit bodies grow to 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) tall and 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) wide. They are roughly conical, with fleshy longitudinal ribs that lack the cross-ribs characteristic of most other Morchella species. Young specimens have a light lilac tint that darkens or turns grayish in maturity.
Morchella arbutiphila is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was described as new to science in 2016 from the island of Cyprus, where it occurs under strawberry trees. According to multigene phylogenetic analyses presented by Loizides and colleagues, Morchella arbutiphila corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mel-30, which was also shown to be present in Turkey in a 2010 study by Taşkın and colleagues.
Morchella disparilis is a fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2016 by Loizides and colleagues, and appears to be confined to the Mediterranean Basin, where it grows under strawberry trees and cypress trees.
Morchella fluvialis is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2014 by Clowez and colleagues, following collections from riparian forests in Spain under Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus minor and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, although previous collections from Turkey under Pinus nigra have also been reported. This species, which corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mes-18, is very close to Morchella esculenta, from which it differs in its elongated cap with oblong pits and predominantly longitudinal ridges, pronounced rufescence, as well as its Mediterranean hygrophilic distribution along rivers and streams.
Morchella kakiicolor is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was originally proposed as a form of Morchella quercus-ilicis in a 2012 study by Philippe Clowez, but was later re-combined as an autonomous species by Loizides and colleagues, based on molecular phylogenetic data. In the same study, M. quercus-ilicis f. quercus-ilicis was shown by the authors to be a later synonym of the old taxon Morchella tridentina, and not phylogenetically related to M. kakiicolor.
Morchella eximia is a globally-occurring fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota), first described by Émile Boudier in 1910. In an elaborate phylogenetic and nomenclatural revision of the genus in 2014, Richard and colleagues showed that the taxa Morchella anthracophila, Morchella carbonaria, and Morchella septimelata, proposed in 2012 by Clowez and Kuo et al. respectively, are all later synonyms of this old taxon.
Morchella dunensis, the morel of the dunes, is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was first described as a form of Morchella esculenta by Castañera and colleagues in 1996, but was later recombined as a distinct species by Clowez. In a 2014 study by Richard and colleagues, the authors concluded that the taxon was conspecific to Morchella vulgaris, due to its close phylogenetic proximity to the latter. However, following increased molecular sampling and the testing of an isoparatype collection by Loizides and colleagues in 2016, it was revealed that M. dunensis is indeed very closely related to, but phylogenetically distinct from M. vulgaris. This study also showed that the taxon Morchella andalusiae is phylogenetically identical and therefore a later synonym of M. dunensis.
Morchella dunalii is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). Although this widespread species was described as early as 1887 by Emile Boudier, it had not appeared in any of the influential literature or monographic works on the genus until very recently. The revival of the name is owed to Moreau and colleagues, who in 2011 designated a lectotype from an old watercolour painting of this forgotten taxon. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies by Richard and colleagues in 2014, matched this taxon to phylogenetic lineage Mel-25.
Morchella vulgaris is a widespread fungus of the Morchellaceae family (Ascomycota). It was originally described in 1801 as a form of the common yellow morel by mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, but was later recombined as a distinct species by Samuel Gray.
Morchella exuberans is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was described as new to science in a 2012 study by Clowez and corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mel-9. Morchella capitata, described by Kuo and colleagues later in the same year, is a synonym of this taxon.
Morchella casteneae is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was described as new to science in a 2012 study by Clowez and appears to be confined to the Iberian peninsula. A subsequent phylogenetic and nomenclatural study by Richard and colleagues has confirmed M. castaneae as a distinct species and showed the taxa Morchella brunneorosea and Morchella brunneorosea var. sordida to be synonymous.
Morchella sceptriformis is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was described as new to science in a 2012 study by Clowez, and corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mes-3. Morchella virginiana, described later in the same year by Kuo and colleagues, is conspecific to this taxon.
