Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. There is also increasing evidence that AFPs interact with mammalian cell membranes to protect them from cold damage. This work suggests the involvement of AFPs in cold acclimatization.
The deepwater sculpin is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cottidae of order Scorpaeniformes. It is a glacial relict, native to a limited number of deep, cold lakes in Canada and the United States.
Jörundur Svavarsson is a professor in marine biology at the University of Iceland. His fields of research are marine invertebrates, marine biodiversity and ecotoxicology.
Gratzianov
Myoxocephalus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are found in the norther Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, with a few species in lakes.
The long-spined bullhead, also known as the long-spined sea-scorpion, and the long-spined scorpion fish is a coastal fish of the sculpin family Cottidae, inhabiting marine waters of Europe.
Greenlandic cuisine is traditionally based on meat from marine mammals, birds, and fish, and normally contains high levels of protein. Since colonization and the arrival of international trade, the cuisine has been increasingly influenced by Danish, British, American and Canadian cuisine. During the summer when the weather is milder, meals are often eaten outdoors.
Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs. Coral reefs form complex ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity. Among the myriad inhabitants, the fish stand out as colourful and interesting to watch. Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef, many of them hidden or well camouflaged. Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs.
Artediellus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.
The belligerent sculpin, or flathead sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species occurs in the northern Pacific Ocean.
Megalocottus is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Blepsias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, the poachers and related fishes. These fishes are found in the coastal northern Pacific Ocean from Japan to California.
Myoxocephalus brandtii, the snowy sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northwest Pacific, with a range extending from the Sea of Okhotsk to Hokkaido and the Sea of Japan.
Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus, the great sculpin, is a North Pacific species of sculpin in the family Cottidae. Its range encompasses the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands, and extends from Hokkaido and the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Puget Sound, Washington. It is the largest member of the genus Myoxocephalus and the second most common in the Bering Sea. It can grow to a size of 80 cm and 9 kg weight.
Myoxocephalus scorpioides, the Arctic sculpin or northern sculpin, is a predatory species of sculpin in the fish family Cottidae. The species is native to the Arctic Ocean around Canada and Greenland, specifically in James Bay and the Strait of Belle Isle, and towards the Bering Sea. It has the ability to synthesize antifreeze proteins, allowing it to withstand temperatures as low as -2 °C. It serves as the host for Haemobaphes cyclopterina, a parasitic species of copepod.
Myoxocephalus tuberculatus is a North Pacific species of sculpin in the scorpeaniform fish family Cottidae. The species is native to the Sea of Okhotsk only. It is a demersal fish that lives near the bottom, and has been found on sand and mud substrates in harbours, bays and estuaries, at depths less than 100 m.
Cottunculus microps, the polar sculpin, is a species of fathead sculpin, a deepwater fish found in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. It was first described in 1875 by the Norwegian zoologist Robert Collett, curator of the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo.
Pseudoterranova is a genus within the family Anisakidae of parasitic nematodes with an aquatic life cycle. The lifecycle of Pseudoterranova spp. involves marine mammals, pinnipeds as definitive hosts, planktonic or benthic crustaceans as intermediate hosts and fish which act as second intermediate or paratenic hosts. In some regions, the rise in seal numbers has prefaced a significant increase in fish infected with P. decipiens which is of concern for fish health. Infection with Pseudoterranova may affect the health and swimming ability of the fish host and is therefore of concern for the survival of wild caught and farmed species. Species belonging to this genus have been demonstrated to cause illness of varying exigency in humans if raw or under cooked infected fish is consumed. Cases of human infection have been reported from consuming partially cooked fish infected with Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pseudoterranova cattani and Pseudoterranova azarasi. The propensity of P. decipiens to encyst in the edible portion of fish musculature may make this parasite a considerable threat to human health in undercooked fish.
Artediellus atlanticus, the Atlantic hookear sculpin or hookhorn sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae. This species is found along the coasts of Northern Atlantic Ocean.
