Myriopteris gracillima

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Myriopteris gracillima
Cheilanthes gracillima - Regional Parks Botanic Garden, Berkeley, CA - DSC04269.JPG
Status TNC G4.svg
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Cheilanthoideae
Genus: Myriopteris
Species:
M. gracillima
Binomial name
Myriopteris gracillima
Synonyms
  • Allosorus gracillimus(D.C.Eaton) Farw.
  • Cheilanthes gracillimaD.C.Eaton
  • Hemionitis gracillima(D.C.Eaton) Christenh.

Myriopteris gracillima, formerly known as Cheilanthes gracillima, is a species of lip fern known by the common name lace lip fern. It is native to western North America, where it grows in rocky habitat from British Columbia to California to Montana. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

Myriopteris gracillima growing in situ on basalt in the lower Columbia River gorge, WA Myriopteris gracillima IMG 3892 crop.jpg
Myriopteris gracillima growing in situ on basalt in the lower Columbia River gorge, WA
Myriopteris gracillima abaxial (lower) leaf surface, showing false indusium and narrow hair-like scales Myriopteris gracillima abaxial IMG 6792.jpg
Myriopteris gracillima abaxial (lower) leaf surface, showing false indusium and narrow hair-like scales
Myriopteris gracillima leaf curled in response to drought Myriopteris gracillima JHT IMG 8489.jpg
Myriopteris gracillima leaf curled in response to drought

Myriopteris gracillima is a small fern with dark green leaves up to about 25 cm (10 in) long that arise from a short creeping ground stem (rhizome), such that plants often have an elongated base, for example creeping along a rock crevice. Each frond is intricately divided into segments made up of pairs of smaller segments which are oval in shape and oblong beadlike, with their edges rolled under, giving it a somewhat succulent appearance. They are also quite hairy and scaly, mostly on the underside of the leaf and leaf mid-rib. The sori are located within rolled-under margins (false indusium) of each tiny leaf segment. It usually grows in sun in crevices in rock formations or sometimes in thin soil in and around rocks. [1]


More technical description adapted from Burke Herbarium: [3] Myriopteris gracillima is a lithophytic perennial, with leaves emerging from short creeping stems that are 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) in diameter with narrow scales that are uniformly brown or with a weakly defined dark central stripe; the scales are straight to somewhat contorted, loosely appressed, and persistent. Leaves are 5–25 cm (2–10 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.4–1 in) wide and are born on a dark brown petiole. The leaf blade is linear-oblong and 2-3-pinnate at base. The rachis is rounded on the upper surface, with dispersed linear scales. Pinnae are not articulate, and the dark stalk color continues into the pinna base. Pinnae are usually equilateral, appearing slightly pubescent or glabrous on upper surface, with pinna midribs green on upper surface for the majority of length. Scales on the underside of the rachis are arranged in several rows, linear and truncate at base, inconspicuous, 0.1–0.4 mm (0.004–0.02 in) wide at most, loosely imbricate, not hiding the ultimate segments, and long-ciliate with cilia typically confined to the base. The ultimate pinna segments are oblong or rarely ovate and beadlike, 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.1 in) at most. The leaf lower surface is densely covered with branched hairs and small ciliate scales. The leaf upper surface has dispersed and branched hairs, which tend to be shed as the leaf ages. [3]

Range

M. gracillima is native to mountains in western North America, ranging from British Columbia to California. It is absent in lower elevation dry inland areas such as the shrub-steppe of central Washington and Oregon and the central valley of California, but is present in the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Idaho, western Montana, and Nevada. It is also found at low elevation in the Columbia River gorge only in the region where it transects the Cascade Mountain range, [3] [1] presumably because of higher precipitation.

Habitat

M. gracillima grows primarily in sunny exposures in rock crevices with little or no soil. [3] [1]

Ecology

Like many cheilanthoid ferns, M. gracillima tolerates desiccation well. During an extended dry period leaves curl and expose their hairy abaxial (lower) surface, presumably to reduce water loss. The leaves uncurl and green up when moisture returns.

Taxonomy

Myriopteris gracillima (maternal) and Myriopteris covillei (paternal) are the parents of the allotetraploid fertile hybrid Myriopteris intertexta . [4] [5] [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myriopteris covillei</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris covillei, formerly known as Cheilanthes covillei, is a species of cheilanthoid fern known by the common name Coville's lip fern. Coville's lip fern is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.

<i>Myriopteris parryi</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris parryi, formerly known as Cheilanthes parryi, is a species of lip fern known by the common name Parry's lip fern.

<i>Myriopteris clevelandii</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris clevelandii, formerly known as Cheilanthes clevelandii, is a species of lip fern known by the common name Cleveland's lip fern. It is native to southern California and Baja California in Mexico. The leaf is divided into small, bead-like segments densely covered with scales beneath. In M. clevelandii, some of these scales are reduced to hairlike structures, which help distinguish it from the closely related M. covillei. It is usually found growing on exposed rock, particularly igneous rock.

<i>Myriopteris gracilis</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris gracilis, formerly known as Cheilanthes feei, is a species of lip fern known by the common name slender lip fern or Fee's lip fern.

<i>Myriopteris cooperae</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris cooperae, formerly Cheilanthes cooperae, is a species of lip fern known by the common name Mrs. Cooper's lip fern, or simply Cooper's lip fern.

<i>Myriopteris intertexta</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris intertexta, formerly Cheilanthes intertexta, is a species of lip fern known by the common name coastal lip fern. It is native to montane California and western Nevada, Oregon east of the Cascades, and with a disjunct population in central Utah. It grows in dry rocky habitats in sun, typically in rock cracks with little or no soil.

<i>Myriopteris tomentosa</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris tomentosa, formerly known as Cheilanthes tomentosa, is a perennial fern known as woolly lipfern. Woolly lipfern is native to the southern United States, from Virginia to Arizona and Georgia, and Mexico.

<i>Myriopteris lanosa</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris lanosa, the hairy lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern of the eastern United States, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Its leaves and stem are sparsely covered in hairs, but lack scales, hence its common name. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows in shallow, dry, soil, often in rocky habitats.

<i>Myriopteris</i> Genus of ferns

Myriopteris, commonly known as the lip ferns, is a genus of cheilanthoid ferns. Like other cheilanthoids, they are ferns of dry habitats, reproducing both sexually and apogamously. Many species have leaves divided into a large number of small, bead-like segments, the probable inspiration for the generic name. Hairs and/or scales are often present on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, and their presence and appearance are useful in distinguishing between species. The genus is most diverse in Mexico, but species are found from southwestern Canada south to southern Chile, and one species is endemic to southern Africa.

<i>Myriopteris alabamensis</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris alabamensis, the Alabama lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern of the United States and Mexico, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Unlike many members of its genus, its leaves have a few hairs on upper and lower surfaces, or lack them entirely. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes as Cheilanthes alabamensis until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows in shade on limestone outcrops.

Myriopteris yatskievychiana is a small fern native to Mexico, a member of the family Pteridaceae. It is known only from a single collection in the Mexican state of Sonora. While superficially similar to golden lip fern, a widespread species in Mexico, differences in its coating of hairs and its small size make it distinctive. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes.

Myriopteris allosuroides is a moderately-sized fern of Mexico, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Unlike many members of its genus, its rachides are grooved on the upper surface and largely free of hairs or scales. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genera Cheilanthes or Pellaea until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows on dry, rocky slopes over acidic, particularly basaltic, rock.

<i>Myriopteris aurea</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris aurea, the golden lip fern or Bonaire lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern native to the Americas, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Unlike many members of its genus, its leaf is only modestly dissected into lobed leaflets (pinnae), which are hairy both above and below. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, until 2013 it was classified in the genus Cheilanthes as Cheilanthes bonariensis, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows on dry, rocky slopes, and ranges from Mexico, where it is common and widespread, and the southwestern United States south and east through Central and South America as far as Chile and Argentina.

<i>Myriopteris rufa</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris rufa, commonly known as Eaton's lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern of Mexico and the southwestern United States, with outlying populations in Costa Rica and the Appalachian Mountains. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes, as Cheilanthes eatonii, until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows in rocky habitats, most frequently on limestone but also sometimes on basalt or shale.

<i>Myriopteris rawsonii</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris rawsonii, formerly known as Cheilanthes rawsonii, is a perennial fern native to Namaqualand in Southern Africa. Like many other cheilanthoid ferns, it is adapted to dry conditions, bearing a thick layer of pale hairs on the underside of its pinnate-pinnatifid leaves. It is the only African representative of its clade of cheilanthoids, the otherwise American genus Myriopteris. It spends much of the year in a dried-out, dormant state, rehydrating and putting out new growth during winter rains. Its name honors the botanist and civil servant Sir Rawson W. Rawson.

<i>Myriopteris wootonii</i> Species of fern

Myriopteris wootonii, formerly known as Cheilanthes wootonii, is a species of fern in the Pteridaceae family with the common name Wooton's lace fern.

<i>Myriopteris lindheimeri</i>

Myriopteris lindheimeri, formerly known as Cheilanthes lindheimeri, is a species of fern in the Pteridaceae family with the common name fairy swords.

<i>Myriopteris scabra</i> Species of plant

Myriopteris scabra, commonly known as rough lipfern, is a species of cheilanthoid fern native to Mexico and the south-western United States (Texas).

<i>Myriopteris yavapensis</i>

Myriopteris yavapensis, formerly known as Cheilanthes yavapensis, is a species of cheilanthoid fern with the common name Yavapai lip fern native to the southwest United States.

Myriopteris chipinquensis is a fern endemic to Mexico, a member of the family Pteridaceae. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was classified in the genus Cheilanthes until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It grows in oak-pine forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental, often with the very similar and closely related Myriopteris tomentosa.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hitchcock, C.L. and Cronquist, A. 2018. Flora of the Pacific Northwest, 2nd Edition, p. 56. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
  2. "The Jepson Herbarium".
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Burke Herbarium Image Collection". biology.burke.washington.edu.
  4. Grusz, A. L., M. D. Windham, and K. M. Pryer. 2009. Deciphering the origins of apomictic polyploids in the Cheilanthes yavapensis complex (Pteridaceae). American Journal of Botany 96: 1636–1645
  5. Grusz & Windham 2013.
  6. Grusz et al. 2014.

Works cited