Pteridaceae

Last updated

Pteridaceae
Temporal range: Cenomanian–Recent
Pityrogramma austroamericana.jpg
Pityrogramma austroamericana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Pteridineae
J.Prado & Schuettp.
Family: Pteridaceae
E.D.M.Kirchn. [1]
Subfamilies
Synonyms
  • Acrostichaceae A.B.Frank
  • Actiniopteridaceae Pic. Serm.
  • Adiantaceae Newman nom. cons.
  • Anopteraceae Doweld
  • Antrophyaceae Ching
  • Ceratopteridaceae Underw.
  • Cheilanthaceae M.P.Nayar
  • Cryptogrammaceae Pic.Serm.
  • Hemionitidaceae Pic.Serm.
  • Negripteridaceae Pic.Serm.
  • Parkeriaceae Hook.
  • Platyzomataceae Nakai
  • Sinopteridaceae Koidz.
  • Taenitidaceae Pic.Serm.
  • Vittariaceae Ching [1]
Adiantum lunulatum Adiantum lunulatum W IMG 2336.jpg
Adiantum lunulatum

Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, [2] including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera [3] (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. [4] The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.

Contents

Description

Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf.[ citation needed ]

Taxonomy

Traditional groups

Curtis's botanical magazine, Argyrochosma nivea var. tenera Curtis's botanical magazine (Plate 3055) (8411478488).jpg
Curtis's botanical magazine, Argyrochosma nivea var. tenera

As traditionally defined, the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows:

Subfamilies

Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies. [11] These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name. The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). [2]

(=) Cryptogrammaceae Pic. Serm.
Genera: Coniogramme , Cryptogramma , Llavea
(=)Ceratopteridoideae
(=) Parkeriaceae Hook.
(=) Ceratopteridaceae Underw.
Genera: Acrostichum , Ceratopteris
Genera: Actiniopteris , Anogramma , Austrogramme , Cerosora , Cosentinia , Gastoniella , Jamesonia (incl. Eriosorus and Nephopteris), Onychium , Pityrogramma , Pteris (incl. Neurocallis & Platyzoma), Pterozonium , Syngramma , Taenitis , Tryonia
(=) Cheilanthaceae B.K. Nayar
Genera: Adiantopsis , Aleuritopteris , Allosorus , Argyrochosma , Aspidotis , Astrolepis , Bommeria , Calciphilopteris , Cheilanthes , Cheiloplecton , Doryopteris , Gaga , Hemionitis , Lytoneuron , Mildella , Myriopteris , Notholaena , Ormopteris , Paragymnopteris , Parahemionitis , Pellaea , Pentagramma , Trachypteris
(=)Adiantoideae(C.Presl) R.M.Tryon
(=) Adiantaceae Newman
Genera: Adiantum , Ananthacorus , Antrophyopsis , Antrophyum , Haplopteris , Hecistopteris , Polytaenium , Radiovittaria , Rheopteris , Scoliosorus , Vaginularia , Vittaria

Phylogenic relationships

Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era. [12] Smith referred to the ferns as monilophytes, dividing them into four groups. The vast majority of ferns were placed in the Polypodiopsida.[ citation needed ]

In 2016, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided order Polypodiales into six suborders. Pteridaceae is the sole family in suborder Pteridiineae, with 52 genera. The suborder has the same circumscription as Smith et al. used for the family. The phylogenetic relationship between these six suborders is shown in this cladogram: [2]

Polypodiales

The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family. Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous. [13]

Phylogeny of Pteridaceae.

Schuettpelz & Pryer 2008 [14] [15] Nitta et al. 2022 [16] and Fern Tree of life [17]

Distribution and habitat

Mostly terrestrial or epipetric (growing on rock).

References

  1. 1 2 "Family: Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-14. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  2. 1 2 3 Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016.
  3. Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 .
  4. Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Chase, M. W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC   3936591 . PMID   24532607.
  5. Adianteae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Pteridaceae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "GRIN Genera of Pteridaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
  8. Pterideae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
  9. Parkerieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
  10. Vittarieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
  11. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa . 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. ISSN   1179-3163.
  12. Smith et al. 2006.
  13. Regalado, Ledis; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Müller, Patrick; Niedermeier, Lisa; Krings, Michael; Schneider, Harald (July 2019). "Heinrichsia cheilanthoides gen. et sp. nov., a fossil fern in the family Pteridaceae (Polypodiales) from the Cretaceous amber forests of Myanmar". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 57 (4): 329–338. doi: 10.1111/jse.12514 . ISSN   1674-4918.
  14. Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008) "Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes [ permanent dead link ], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
  15. Schuettpelz et al. (2007) Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution44 (2007) 1172–1185
  16. Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 . PMC   9449725 . PMID   36092417.
  17. "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261). 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2025.

Bibliography

Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Pteridaceae at Wikispecies