Haplopteris

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Haplopteris
Haplopteris elongata (Sw.) E.H.Crane (AM AK150808).jpg
Haplopteris elongata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Vittarioideae
Genus: Haplopteris
C.Presl
Type species
Haplopteris scolopendrina
Synonyms
  • MonogrammaComm. ex Schkuhr
  • PleurofossaNakai ex H.Ito
  • PleurogrammeBrown 1838 non (Blume 1828) Presl 1836
  • TaeniopterisHooker 1842 non Brongniart 1829

Haplopteris is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae.

Contents

Description

Like other vittarioids, the members of Haplopteris are epiphytes. The rhizome has a distinct upper and lower side, lacking radial symmetry, a characteristic that separates it from Radiovittaria . Leaves are borne in two ranks in a single plane, and are usually simple, occasionally forked. The leaves have a distinct costa (midrib). Most species have netlike leaf veins which form two rows of areolae (the "gaps" in the net) on either side of the midline; two species bear a single leaf vein only. The linear sori, in most species, are confined to a commissural vein (paralleling the edge of the leaf margin and set just back from it, joining the ends of the netted veins); in the two species with a single vein, the sori follow that vein. The sori bear paraphyses (minute hairs) with a cell at the tip shaped like an inverted cone, separating it from Vittaria sensu stricto, with slender paraphyses. [1]

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Carl Borivoj Presl in 1836, separating it from Pteris sensu Bory. He named it Haplopteris, from the Greek words for "simple" and "fern", in token of the simple fronds typical of the genus. He placed it in tribe Adiantaceae rather than Vittariaceae, although he recognized the similarity of the venation to Vittaria. Presl transferred Bory's Pteris scolopendrina to the genus as the type species. [2]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the type species of Monogramma is embedded in Haplopteris. [3] Since the name Monogramma has taxonomic priority over Haplopteris, a proposal to reject Monogramma in favor of Haplopteris has been put forth to conserve the name and comparatively stable circumscription of Haplopteris. [4] Thus far, the conservation of Haplopteris has been recommended by the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants. [5]

Distribution

About ten species are native to tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean, while the rest are found in tropical Asia and the Pacific. [1]

Species

Schuettpelz et al. estimated the genus to contain about 40 species. [1] The bulk of them were transferred out of Vittaria by Edmund H. Crane in 1998. [6] 38 have currently been named.

Phylogeny of Haplopteris [7] [8]

H. gramineaChen, S.Linds. & Schuettpelz 2021

H. volkensii(Hieronymus) Crane

H. humblotii(Hieronymus) S.Linds. & Chen

H. guineensis(Desvaux) Crane

H. schliebenii(Reimers) Schuettp.

H. ensata(Christ) C.W.Chen & S.Linds.

H. heterophyllaC.W.Chen, Y.H.Chang & Yea C.Liu

H. yakushimensisC.W.Chen & Ebihara

H. amboinensis(Fée) X.C.Zhang

H. scolopendrinaC.Presl

H. malayensis(Holttum) E.H.Crane

H. mediosora(Hayata) X.C.Zhang

H. flexuosa(Fée) E.H.Crane

H. linearifolia(Ching) X.C.Zhang

H. plurisulcata(Ching) X.C.Zhang

H. taeniophylla(Copel.) E.H.Crane

H. centrochinensis(Ching ex Cheng) Yan, Wei & Zhang 2021

H. fudzinoi(Makino) E.H.Crane

H. longicoma(Christ) Crane

H. dareicarpa(Hook.) S.Linds. & Chen

H. mindanaoensisS.Linds. & Chen

H. angustifolia(Blume) Crane

H. elongata (Sw.) Crane

H. zosterifolia(Willd.) Crane

H. capillaris(Copel.) C.W.Chen, S.Linds. & K.T.Yong

H. angustissima(Holttum) S.Linds.

H. sikkimensis(Kuhn) E.H.Crane

H.sessilifrons(Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds.

H. ensiformis (Sw.) E.H.Crane

H. alternans(Copel.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen

H. anguste-elongata(Hayata) E.H.Crane

Other species include:

If the proposal to conserve Haplopteris against Monogramma is accepted, M. graminea will have to be transferred to Haplopteris to maintain the monophyly of the genus.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thelypteridaceae</span> Family of ferns

Thelypteridaceae is a family of about 900 species of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, it is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae. Alternatively, the family may be submerged in a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae as the subfamily Thelypteridoideae.

<i>Pteris</i> Genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae

Pteris (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan and North America. 78 species are found in China. Some species of Pteris have considerable economic and ecological value, such as Pteris multifida, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris vittata can be used for ornamental purposes; as a hyperaccumulator, Pteris multifida and Pteris vittata can be used to control soil pollution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dryopteridaceae</span> Family of ferns

The Dryopteridaceae are a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pteridaceae</span> Family of ferns

Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera, divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.

<i>Vittaria</i> Genus of ferns

Vittaria, the shoestring ferns, is a genus of ferns in the Vittarioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae. It had previously been placed in the family Vittariaceae, but that family is no longer recognized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lindsaeaceae</span> Family of ferns

Lindsaeaceae is a pantropical family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It contains six or seven genera with about 220 known species, some of which also extend into the more temperate regions of eastern Asia, New Zealand, and South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saccolomataceae</span> Family of ferns

Saccolomataceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales with about 19 species. It has been formerly treated as part of the Dennstaedtiaceae, however it has been classified as its own family according to Smith et al. (2006) The genus Saccoloma has been classified to include Orthiopteris, but the phylogeny of the group not yet fully understood. The family includes a dozen known species.

<i>Antrophyum</i> Genus of ferns

Antrophyum is a genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae. They are commonly known as lineleaf ferns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gleicheniaceae</span> Family of ferns

The forked ferns are the family Gleicheniaceae, which includes six genera and about 160 known species. The formerly independent families Dicranopteridaceae and Stromatopteridaceae are generally included in the Gleicheniaceae, whereas the Dipteridaceae and Matoniaceae, although closely related, are considered separate families by most authors.

<i>Bommeria</i> Genus of ferns

Bommeria is a genus of small pteridaceous rock ferns, native to the New World. Genetic analysis has shown it to be a stem offshoot clade of all the cheilanthoid ferns, except for Doryopteris, which is an even more basal ("primitive") stem offshoot. for years, it was assumed that this genus was closely allied with Hemionitis, but genetic analysis has shown that genus to be a more advanced genus evolutionarily. The same set of analysis has shown many presumed genera within this family to be paraphyletic, but the small genus Bommeria appears to be monophyletic, or a natural genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tectariaceae</span> Family of ferns

Tectariaceae is a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Tectarioideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato. The family comprises seven genera, of which Tectaria is by far the largest.

<i>Acrostichum</i> Genus of ferns

Acrostichum is a fern genus in the Parkerioideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It was one of the original pteridophyte genera delineated by Linnaeus. It was originally drawn very broadly, including all ferns that had sori apparently "acrostichoid", or distributed in a uniform mass across the back of the frond, rather than organized in discrete sori. This led Linnaeus to include such species as Asplenium platyneuron in the genus, because the specimen he received had sori so crowded that it appeared acrostichoid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vittarioideae</span> Subfamily of ferns

Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae and Vittariaceae.

<i>Antrophyopsis manniana</i> Species of fern

Antrophyopsis manniana is a species of the genus Antrophyopsis, a vittarioid fern occurring in the African rain forest and montane forest of East Africa and the Albertine Rift.

<i>Pityrogramma</i> Genus of ferns

Pityrogramma, the silverback ferns, or goldback ferns, is a fern genus in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae.

Antrophyopsis is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae. Like other vittarioids, ferns in the genus are epiphytes with simple, straplike leaves. They are native to tropical Africa and islands of the Indian Ocean. The presence of a midrib in their leaves, the shape of their spores, and the shape of cells at the tip of their paraphyses help to distinguish members of the genus from other vittarioids. The group was raised to the level of genus in 2016.

<i>Cheiropleuria</i> Genus of ferns

Cheiropleuria is a genus of ferns in the family Dipteridaceae. Species are found in both temperate and tropical eastern Asia.

Polytaenium is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species are native to Mexico and Southern America.

Radiovittaria is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species are native to southeast Mexico and northern Southern America.

Vaginularia is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Other sources sink the genus into Monogramma, a genus not recognized in PPG I.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Schuettpelz, Eric; Chen, Cheng-Wei; Kessler, Michael; Pinson, Jerald B.; Johnson, Gabriel; Davila, Alex; Cochran, Alyssa T.; Huiet, Layne; Pryer, Kathleen M. (August 2016). "A revised generic classification of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) based on molecular, micromorphological, and geographic data" (PDF). Taxon. 65 (4): 708–722. doi:10.12705/654.2.
  2. ↑ Presl, Carl Borivoj (1836). Tentamen Pteridologiae. Vol. 1. Prague: Filiorum Theophili Haase. p. 141.
  3. ↑ Ruhfel, Bradley; Lindsay, Stuart; Davis, Charles C. (2008). "Phylogenetic Placement of Rheopteris and the Polyphyly of Monogramma (Pteridaceae s.l.): Evidence from rbcL Sequence Data". Systematic Botany. 33 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1600/036364408783887410. S2CID   84001172.
  4. ↑ Chen, Cheng Wei; Schuettpelz, Eric; Lindsay, Stuart; Middleton, David J. (August 2016). "Proposal to conserve the name Haplopteris against Monogramma (Pteridaceae)". Taxon. 65 (4): 884–885. doi: 10.12705/654.19 .
  5. ↑ Applequist, Wendy L. (2020). "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 71". Taxon. 69 (2): 391–397. doi: 10.1002/tax.12217 .
  6. ↑ Crane, Edmund H. (1997). "A Revised Circumscription of the Genera of the Fern Family Vittariaceae". Systematic Botany. 22 (3): 509–517. doi:10.2307/2419824. JSTOR   2419824.
  7. ↑ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 . PMC   9449725 . PMID   36092417.
  8. ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
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