Matoniaceae

Matoniaceae Temporal range: Middle Triassic–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Matonia pectinata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Gleicheniales
Family:	Matoniaceae C.Presl 1847
Genera
Matonia R.Br. ex Wall. 1829 Phanerosorus Copel. 1909

Matoniaceae is one of the three families of ferns in the Gleicheniales order of the Polypodiopsida class. ^{[1] [2]} Fossil records reveal that Matoniaceae ferns were abundant during the Mesozoic era (about 250-million to 66-million years ago), during which they lived on every continent, including Antarctica, with eight genera and 26 species, with the oldest known specimens being from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica. ^[3] Today the family is much less abundant, and also less diverse, with only two extant genera and four species, ^[4] which are limited to portions of southeastern Asia. ^[5]

The following diagram shows a likely phylogenic relationship with the other two families of the Gleicheniales. ^[6]

Gleicheniales	Gleicheniaceae 6 extant genera Dipteridaceae 2 extant genera Matoniaceae Matonia Phanerosorus

Extant taxa

• genus Matonia R.Br. ex Wall. 1829
  • species Matonia pectinata R. Br. 1829
  • species Matonia sarmentosa Baker 1887
• genus Phanerosorus Copel. 1909
  • species Phanerosorus sarmentosus (Baker) Copel. 1909
  • species Phanerosorus major Diels 1932

Mesozoic subtaxa

Laccopteris elegans

Some common Mesozoic Matoniaceae genera and a sampling of their species include:

• genus Laccopteris Presl 1838
  • species Laccopteris elegansPresl 1838
  • species Laccopteris münsteriSchenk 1867
• genus Phlebopteris Brongniart 1828
  • species Phlebopteris polypodioidesBrongniart
  • species Phlebopteris smithii
  • species Phlebopteris woodwardiiLeckenby 1864
  • species Phlebopteris utensis
  • species Phlebopteris angustiloba
• genus Matonidium
• genus Matonia R.Br. ex Wall. 1829 ^[7]
  • species Matonia jeffersonii
  • species Matonia pectinata
  • species Matonia braunii
  • species Matonia mesozoica
  • species Matonia brownii
• genus Microdictyon
• genus Weichselia Stiehler
• Tomaniopteris Klavins et al. Fremouw Formation, Middle Triassic, Antarctica
• Konijnenburgia Kvaček et Dašková, 2010 Piedra Clavada Formation, Argentina, Albian

References

1. Alan R. Smith; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR   25065646. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-26.
2. Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa . 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
3. Klavins, Sharon D.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L. (January 2004). "Matoniaceous Ferns (Gleicheniales) from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica". Journal of Paleontology. 78 (1): 211–217. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0211:MFGFTM>2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0022-3360. S2CID   130165581.
4. Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 .
5. Robbin C. Moran (2004). A Natural History of Ferns. Timber Press, Portland & Cambridge. pp. 119–124.
6. Samuli Lehtonen (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life" (PDF). PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e24851. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624851L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024851 . PMC   3192703 . PMID   22022365.
7. Nagalingum & Cantrill: Early Cretaceous Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae (Gleicheniales) from Alexander Island, Antarctica Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 138 (2006)