Pteris

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Pteris
Pteris vittata.jpg
Pteris vittata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Pteridoideae
Genus: Pteris
L.
Type species
Pteris longifolia
L. 1753
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • AfropterisAlston 1956
  • Cryptogramme series Anopteris Prantl 1882
  • AnopterisPrantl 1882 ex Diels 1899
  • CampteriaPresl 1836 nom. superfl.
  • CopelandiopterisStone 1973
  • HemipterisRosenstock 1908
  • HeterophlebiumFée 1850-52
  • HeteropterisPresl & von Ettingshausen 1865 non Fée 1869 non (sic) Kunth 1822 non Dieis 1899
  • IdiopterisWalker 1957
  • LathyropterisChrist 1907
  • LemapterisRafinesque 1819
  • LitobrochiaPresl 1836; Neurocallis Fée 1845
  • OchropterisSmith 1841
  • PeripterisRafinesque 1815
  • PhyllitisRafinesque 1819 non Hill 1756 non Moench 1794
  • PlatyzomaBrown 1810
  • PteridiumRafinesque 1814 non Gleditsch ex Scopoli 1760
  • PterilisRafinesque 1830 non (sic) Rafinesque 1819
  • PteripterisRafinesque 1819
  • PycnodoriaPresl 1849-51
  • SchizopterisHillebrand 1874 non Brongniart 1828
  • SchizostegePresl 1849-51 ex Hillebrand 1888
  • SchizostegopsisCopeland 1958
  • SpathepterisPresl 1846
  • ThelypterisAdanson 1763 non Schmid. 1763

Pteris (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. [1] [2] They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan and North America. 78 species (35 endemic) are found in China. [3] Some species of Pteris have considerable economic and ecological value, such as Pteris multifida , Pteris ensiformis , Pteris vittata can be used for ornamental purposes; as a hyperaccumulator, Pteris multifida and Pteris vittata can be used to control soil pollution. [4]

Contents

Many of them have linear frond segments, and some have sub-palmate division. Like other members of the Pteridaceae, the frond margin is reflexed over the marginal sori. The outermost layer is the single layered epidermis without stomata. The cortex is differentiated into outer and inner cortical region. The vascular cylinder is an amphiphloic siphonostele.

The term "brake", used for members of this genus, is a Middle English word for "fern" from southern England. Its derivation is unclear, and is generally thought to be related to "bracken", whereby the latter word has been assumed to be a plural, as with "children", and the former word a back-formation. However it may have a separate derivation. [5]

The Latin genus name Pteris refers to the Greek name for fern (also meaning feathery). [6]

Phylogeny

Fern Tree of Life [7] [8]
(Platyzoma)

P. platyzomopsis Christenhusz & H.Schneid.

(Pteris)

section Moluccanae

section Heterophlebium

section Pteris

(Campteria)

section Tremulae

section Denticulatae

section Tripedipteris

Clade 1

section Lithobrochia

section Dentatae

section Mutilatae

section Creticae

section Semipinnatae

section Hypsopodium

section Excelsae

section Cadierii

section Campteria

Selected species
Pteris hillebrandii Pteris hillebrandii (5806384258).jpg
Pteris hillebrandii
Pteris semipinnata Ban Bian Yu Lie Feng Wei Jue Pteris semipinnata 20220619183351 02.jpg
Pteris semipinnata

Cultivation and uses

Some of these ferns are popular in cultivation as houseplants. These smaller species are often called "table ferns".

Pteris vittata (commonly known as brake fern) was discovered to have the ability to "hyperaccumulate" (absorb large amounts of) arsenic from soil. The fern was growing at a central Florida site contaminated with large amounts of copper arsenate in the soil. Dr. Lena Q. Ma of the University of Florida later discovered that it had hyperaccumulated considerable amounts of arsenic from the soil. The discovery may lead to the use of Pteris vittata as a potential bioremediation plant.

Related Research Articles

References

  1. PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi: 10.1111/jse.12229 . S2CID   39980610.
  2. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa . 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. ISSN   1179-3163.
  3. "Pteris Linnaeus Sp". Flora of China.
  4. "世界鳳尾蕨屬系統發育關系獲重建" (in Chinese). Science and Technology Daily.
  5. J. Simpson; E. Weiner, eds. (1989). "brake". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN   0-19-861186-2.
  6. D. Gledhill The Names of Plants , p. 319, at Google Books
  7. Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 . PMC   9449725 . PMID   36092417.
  8. "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.4.0 [GenBank release 253]. 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.