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A fiddler crab, sometimes known as a calling crab, may be any of more than one hundred species of semiterrestrial marine crabs in the family Ocypodidae. A smaller number of ghost crab and mangrove crab species are also found in the family Ocypodidae. This entire group is composed of small crabs, the largest being slightly over two inches (5 cm) across. Fiddler crabs are found along sea beaches and brackish intertidal mud flats, lagoons and swamps. Fiddler crabs are most well known for their sexually dimorphic claws; the males' major claw is much larger than the minor claw, while the females' claws are both the same size.
Chionoecetes is a genus of crabs that live in the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Xanthidae is a family of crabs known as gorilla crabs, mud crabs, pebble crabs or rubble crabs. Xanthid crabs are often brightly coloured and are highly poisonous, containing toxins which are not destroyed by cooking and for which no antidote is known. The toxins are similar to the tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin produced by puffer fish, and may be produced by bacteria in the genus Vibrio living in symbiosis with the crabs, mostly V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus.
Pinnotheres is a genus of crabs, including the pea crab. Many species formerly in Pinnotheres have been placed in new genera, such as Zaops ostreus, the oyster crab and Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae, the New Zealand pea crab. The species currently recognised in the genus Pinnotheres are:
Portunidae is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs.
Belliidae is a family of crabs of the order Decapoda.
Ozius is a genus of crabs in the family Menippidae, containing the following species:
Parapinnixa is a genus of crab in the family Pinnotheridae. Originally described by Samuel Jackson Holmes as Pseudopinnixa, he published the replacement name Parapinnixa the following year, after learning of the senior homonym Pseudopinnixa Ortmann, 1894.
Gecarcinucoidea is a superfamily of freshwater crabs. Its members have been grouped into families in various ways, with some authors recognising families such as "Deckeniidae", "Sundathelphusidae", but only two families are currently recognised: Gecarcinucidae and Parathelphusidae.
Pilumnoidea is a superfamily of crabs, whose members were previously included in the Xanthoidea. The three families are unified by the free articulation of all the segments of the male crab's abdomen and by the form of the gonopods. The earliest fossils assigned to this group are of Eocene age.
Scleroplax granulata is a species of crab in the monotypic genus Scleroplax. It was first described by Mary J. Rathbun in a paper dated 1893 but only published in 1894.
Panopeus is a genus of crabs, containing these extant species:
Pugettia is a genus of kelp crabs, in the family Epialtidae. It comprises the following species:
Ptychophallus is a genus of crabs in the family Pseudothelphusidae.
Epilobocera is a genus of crabs in the family Pseudothelphusidae, containing the following species:
Medaeus is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:
Banareia is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:
Inachoididae is a family of crabs originally erected by James Dwight Dana in 1852. It was not recognised as a valid family until the early 1980s. Its members closely resemble those of the family Inachidae, and the Inachoididae could be recognised as a subfamily of that family.
Hirsutodynomene is a genus of crabs in the family Dynomenidae. All species in this genus except the newest one belonged to the genus Dynomene. These two genera form the subfamilia Dynomeninae. The type species of this genus is: Dynomene spinosa(Rathbun, 1911).
Tunicotheres is a monotypic genus of crabs in the family Pinnotheridae, and Tunicotheres moseri is the only species in the genus. This crab lives commensally in the atrial chamber of a small ascidian. It is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
References
- ↑ Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . 17: 1–286.
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