Xanthidae

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Xanthidae
Xantho poressa 2009 G2.jpg
Xantho poressa
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Brachyura
Superfamily: Xanthoidea
Family: Xanthidae
Macleay, 1838  [1]
Subfamilies

Xanthidae is a family of crabs known as gorilla crabs, mud crabs, pebble crabs or rubble crabs. [1] Xanthid crabs are often brightly coloured and are highly venomous, containing toxins which are not destroyed by cooking and for which no antidote is known. [2] [ better source needed ] The toxins are similar to the tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin produced by puffer fish, and may be produced by bacteria in the genus Vibrio living in symbiosis with the crabs, mostly V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus . [2] [ better source needed ]

Classification

Many species formerly included in the family Xanthidae have since been moved to new families. Despite this, Xanthidae is still the largest crab family in terms of species richness, with 572 species in 133 genera divided among the thirteen subfamilies: [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pinnotheres</i> Genus of crabs

Pinnotheres is a genus of crabs, including the pea crab. Many species formerly in Pinnotheres have been placed in new genera, such as Zaops ostreus, the oyster crab and Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae, the New Zealand pea crab. The species currently recognised in the genus Pinnotheres are:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portunidae</span> Family of crabs

Portunidae is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs. Its members include many well-known shoreline crabs, such as the blue crab and velvet crab. Two genera in the family are contrastingly named Scylla and Charybdis; the former contains the economically important species black crab and Scylla paramamosain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Majidae</span> Family of crabs

Majidae is a family of crabs, comprising around 200 marine species inside 52 genera, with a carapace that is longer than it is broad, and which forms a point at the front. The legs can be very long in some species, leading to the name "spider crab". The exoskeleton is covered with bristles to which the crab attaches algae and other items to act as camouflage.

<i>Macrophthalmus</i> Genus of crabs

Macrophthalmus is a genus of crabs which are widespread across the Indo-Pacific. It contains the following species :

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Varunidae</span> Family of crabs

The Varunidae are a family of thoracotrematan crabs. The delimitation of this family, part of the taxonomically confusing Grapsoidea, is undergoing revision. For a long time, they were placed at the rank of subfamily in the Grapsidae, but they appear to be closest to Macropthalmus and the Mictyridae, which are usually placed in the Ocypodoidea. It may thus be better to merge the latter superfamily with the Grapsoidea, retaining the latter name as it is older.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pilumnoidea</span> Superfamily of crabs

Pilumnoidea is a superfamily of crabs, whose members were previously included in the Xanthoidea. The three families are unified by the free articulation of all the segments of the male crab's abdomen and by the form of the gonopods. The earliest fossils assigned to this group are of Eocene age.

<i>Actumnus</i> Genus of crabs

Actumnus is a genus of crabs in the family Pilumnidae. Alongside the 28 extant species, it has a fossil record extending back into the Miocene.

<i>Etisus</i> Genus of crabs

Etisus is a genus of crabs, containing the following extant species:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epialtinae</span> Subfamily of crustaceans

Epialtinae is a subfamily of crabs, containing the following genera:

<i>Actaea</i> (crab) Genus of crabs

Actaea is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Paractaea</i> Genus of crabs

Paractaea is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Pilodius</i> Genus of crabs

Pilodius is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Medaeus</i> Genus of crabs

Medaeus is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Palapedia</i> Genus of crabs

Palapedia is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Liomera</i> Genus of crabs

Liomera is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae. It contains the following extant species:

<i>Neoliomera</i> Genus of crabs

Neoliomera is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Demania</i> Genus of crabs

Demania is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Xanthias</i> (crab) Genus of crabs

Xanthias is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing two exclusively fossil species and the following extant species:

<i>Banareia</i> Genus of crabs

Banareia is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:

<i>Pilumnus</i> (crab) Genus of crabs

Pilumnus is a genus of crabs, containing the following species:

References

  1. 1 2 "Xanthidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. 1 2 Ria Tan (2008). "Xanthid crabs: Family Xanthidae". Wild Singapore . Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  3. ↑ Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . Suppl. 21: 1–109.
  4. ↑ Jose Christopher E. Mendoza & Danièle Guinot (2011). "Revision of the genus Glyptoxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, and establishment of Glyptoxanthinae nov. subfam. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae)" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa . 3015: 29–51.
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