National Highway System (United States)

Last updated
National Highway System
National Highway System.jpg
System map with Interstate Highways in blue and other components in red
System information
Length160,955 mi (259,032 km)
FormedNovember 28, 1995 (1995-11-28)
Highway names
Interstates Interstate nn (I-nn)
US Highways U.S. Highway nn, U.S. Route nn (US nn, US-nn)
State Varies by state
County roads County Road nn, County Route nn (CR nn, Co. Rd. nn)
Other local roadsVaries by locality
System links

The National Highway System (NHS) is a network of strategic highways within the United States, including the Interstate Highway System and other roads serving major airports, ports, military bases, rail or truck terminals, railway stations, pipeline terminals and other strategic transport facilities. Altogether, it constitutes the largest highway system in the world.

Contents

Individual states are encouraged to focus federal funds on improving the efficiency and safety of this network. The roads within the system were identified by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in cooperation with the states, local officials, and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and approved by the United States Congress in 1995.

Legislation

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991 established certain key routes such as the Interstate Highway System, be included. [1] [2] The act provided a framework to develop a National Intermodal Transportation System which "consists of all forms of transportation in a unified, interconnected manner, including the transportation systems of the future, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution while promoting economic development and supporting the Nation's preeminent position in international commerce". [3]

The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)  104–59 (text) (PDF), 109  Stat.   568, COMPS-1425) is a United States Act of Congress that was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 28, 1995. The legislation designated about 160,955 miles (259,032 km) of roads, including the Interstate Highway System, as the NHS.

Aside from designating the system, the act served several other purposes, including restoring $5.4 billion in funding to state highway departments, giving Congress the power to prioritize highway system projects, repealing all federal speed limit controls, and prohibits the federal government from requiring states to use federal-aid highway funds to convert existing signs or purchase new signs with metric units. [4]

The act also created a State Infrastructure Bank pilot program. Ten states were chosen in 1996 for this new method of road financing. These banks would lend money like regular banks, with funding coming from the federal government or the private sector, and they would be repaid through such means as highway tolls or taxes. In 1997, 28 more states asked to be part of the program. Ohio was the first state to use a state infrastructure bank to start building a road. An advantage of this method was completing projects faster; state laws and the lack of appropriate projects were potential problems. [5]

Overview

A map of the Strategic Highway Network, one component of the NHS Strategic Highway Network.gif
A map of the Strategic Highway Network, one component of the NHS
Map of average freight truck traffic on the NHS in 2015 FHWA 2015 flow map freight.jpg
Map of average freight truck traffic on the NHS in 2015

According to the Federal Highway Administration, the 160,000-mile (260,000 km) National Highway System includes roads important to the United States' economy, defense, and mobility, from one or more of the following road networks (specific routes may be part of more than one sub-system): [6]

The system includes 4% of the nation's roads, but carries more than 40% of all highway traffic, 75% of heavy truck traffic, and 90% of tourist traffic. [2] All urban areas with a population of over 50,000 and about 90% of America's population live within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the network, [2] which is the longest in the world. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Department of Transportation</span> Federal executive department focusing on transportation

The United States Department of Transportation is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstate 780</span> Interstate Highway in California

Interstate 780 (I-780) is an east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It runs from Curtola Parkway and Lemon Street in Vallejo to I-680 just north of the Benicia–Martinez Bridge in Benicia. It closely parallels the Carquinez Strait for its entire route. Originally, this segment was part of I-680 before that Interstate was extended and rerouted to Fairfield. The city-maintained Curtola Parkway continues west from I-80 to State Route 29 (SR 29) in Vallejo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act</span> US federal highway legislation

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in the post-Interstate Highway System era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 7</span> State highway in Imperial County, California, United States

State Route 7 is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, running from the Calexico East Port of Entry on the U.S.-Mexico border east of Calexico north to its terminus at Interstate 8 (I-8), where Orchard Road continues the route north towards Holtville. The route provides convenient access to the country of Mexico from I-8. The southern portion of the route opened in 1996, and the rest of the route connecting to I-8 opened in 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 242</span> Highway in California

State Route 242 is a three-mile (5 km) state highway in the U.S. state of California that links Interstate 680 north of Pleasant Hill to State Route 4 in Concord in Contra Costa County. Along with Interstate 580, State Route 24, Interstate 680 and State Route 4, it serves as the most direct route between the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 103</span> Highway in California

State Route 103 is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that forms part of the Terminal Island Freeway in Los Angeles and Long Beach. It runs from State Route 47 near Terminal Island north to State Route 1 in Long Beach. At the south end of SR 103, the Terminal Island Freeway runs south with SR 47 over the Commodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge to its end at Ocean Boulevard on Terminal Island, at the former Long Beach Naval Shipyard. SR 47 then turns west there to its end at Interstate 110.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 177</span> Highway in California

State Route 177 is a state highway in the U.S. state of California in Riverside County. The route runs along Rice Road, linking Interstate 10 (I-10) midway between the Coachella Valley and Blythe on the California–Arizona border, to SR 62 near Rice. SR 177 travels along the eastern portion of the Joshua Tree National Park; like the eastern 100 miles (160 km) of SR 62, it passes through some of the most desolate areas of the Mojave Desert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 51</span> Highway in Indiana

State Road 51 in the U.S. state of Indiana is a north–south route on the state highway system in northwest Indiana. It consists of a route 9.56 miles (15.39 km) long from a point on U.S. Route 30 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Merrillville and 8 miles (13 km) west of Valparaiso, north to U.S. Route 20 in Gary. Immediately north of US 30, the highway is signed as the Adam Benjamin Highway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 115</span> State highway in Indiana, United States

State Road 115 is a State Road in the north section of the state of Indiana. Running for about 3 miles (4.8 km) in a general north–south direction, connecting rural portions of Wabash County. SR 115 was originally introduced in the early 1930s routed along its modern routing. The road became an intermediate road surface in the mid-1930s and it was upgraded to a high type of road surface shortly after. The southern end of SR 115 was moved north in the late 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 149</span> Highway in Indiana

State Road 149 (SR 149) is a part of the Indiana State Road that runs between Valparaiso and Burns Harbor in the US state of Indiana. The 8.73 miles (14.05 km) of SR 149 that lie within Indiana serve as a minor highway. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections of the road are rural two-lane and urban four-lane undivided highways, passing through farmland and residential properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 249</span> Highway in Indiana

State Road 249 (SR 249) is a part of the Indiana State Road that runs between Portage and Burns Harbor in the US state of Indiana. The 2.42 miles (3.89 km) of SR 249 that lie within Indiana serve as an access to the Port of Indiana. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Most of the road is an urban four-lane divided highway, passing through farmland, residential and industrial properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 312</span> Highway in Indiana

State Road 312 in the U.S. state of Indiana is an east–west state highway in the northwestern part of the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 332</span> State highway in Indiana, United States

State Road 332 (SR 332) is a part of the Indiana State Road that runs between Interstate 69 (I–69) and Muncie in US state of Indiana. The 7.64 miles (12.30 km) of SR 332 that lie within Indiana serve as a minor highway. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections are rural four-lane divided highway and urban four-lane highway. The highway passes through farmland, residential and commercial properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 263</span> Highway in California

State Route 263 is a state highway in the U.S. state of California in Siskiyou County, running parallel to Interstate 5 to the west. Route 263 connects State Route 3 near the north city limits of Yreka to State Route 96 eight miles north. Although SR 263 was once part of U.S. Route 99, it is not signed as part Business Loop 5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Route 265</span> Highway in California

State Route 265 is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that is part of both Business Loop 5 and Weed Boulevard in the City of Weed in Siskiyou County. SR 265 runs from U.S. Route 97 to Interstate 5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas Highway 156</span> State highway in Arkansas, United States

Highway 156 is a designation for three east–west state highways in Washington County, Arkansas. The first segment was created in 1937, with two more created in 1973. All are minor state highways established to provide system connectivity and are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana State Road 441</span> State highway in Indiana, United States

State Road 441 (SR 441) is a part of the Indiana State Road that runs through Vincennes in the US state of Indiana. The 2.61 miles (4.20 km) of SR 441 that lie within Indiana serve as a minor highway. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Most of the route is an urban two-lane highway. The highway passes through residential and commercial properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Network</span> Network of approved state highways and interstates for commercial truck drivers in the United States

The National Network is a network of approved state highways and interstates for commercial truck drivers in the United States. The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 authorized the establishment of a national network of highways designated for use by large trucks. On these highways, Federal width and length limits apply. The National Network (NN) includes almost all of the Interstate Highway System and other, specified non-Interstate highways. The network comprises more than 200,000 miles (320,000 km) of highways.

Airport Expressway, is a 7.9-mile (12.7 km) long expressway located in Allen County and the City of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The expressway, completed in 2001, provides access to the Fort Wayne International Airport. Airport Expressway begins as an extension of Lower Huntington Road in rural Allen County at an interchange with Interstate 69 (I–69) exit 299 and travels northeast, then east to end at Fairfield Avenue. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections are rural four-lane undivided highway and urbanized four-lane divided highway.

Transportation in the United States is governed by laws and regulations of the federal government. The Department of Transportation is responsible for carrying out federal transportation policy, and the Department of Homeland Security is responsible for security in transportation.

References

  1. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991" . Retrieved October 20, 2021 via National Transportation Library.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Slater, Rodney E. (Spring 1996). "The National Highway System: A Commitment to America's Future". Public Roads. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. 59 (4). ISSN   0033-3735 . Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  3. Pub. L. Tooltip Public Law (United States)  102–240: Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 §2. Declaration of policy: Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
  4. Federal Highway Administration. "Interstate FAQ: Why don't you put metric speed and distance signs on the Interstate System?". Celebrating the Eisenhower Interstate Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  5. Schienberg, Phyllis (March 6, 1997). "Statement of Phyllis Schienberg, Prospects for Innovation Through Research, Intelligent Transportation Systems, State Infrastructure Banks, and Design-Build Contracting". US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  6. Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (September 29, 2017). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  7. Federal Highway Administration (November 7, 2014). "Chapter 18: Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET)". Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit: 2004 Conditions and Performance. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  8. Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (April 6, 2018). "Intermodal Connectors". National Highway System. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  9. Cox, Wendell (January 22, 2011). "China Expressway System to Exceed US Interstates". New Geography. Retrieved July 9, 2012.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Transportation .