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Personal 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas 42nd President of the United States Tenure Appointments Presidential campaigns
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This is a list of international presidential trips made by Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States. Bill Clinton made 55 international trips to 72 different countries (in addition to visiting the West Bank and Gaza) during his presidency, which began on January 20, 1993 and ended on January 20, 2001. [1]
Clinton visited six continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. He took an active role in the Balkans, where he worked to promote peace and stability in and around the former Yugoslavia, and in the Middle East peace process, where he worked to promote peace between Israel and the Palestinians, as well as with the governments of neighboring nations.
The number of visits per country where President Clinton travelled are:
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Canada | Vancouver | April 3–4 | Attended Summit Meeting with Russian president Boris Yeltsin. Also met with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. | |
2 | Japan | Tokyo | July 6–10 | Attended the 19th G7 summit. Met with Russian President Boris Yeltsin. | |
South Korea | Seoul | July 10–11 | Met with President Kim Young-sam. Addressed the South Korean National Assembly. Visited U.S. military personnel. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | Belgium | Brussels | January 9–11 | Attended the NATO Summit Meeting. Met with King Albert II and Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene. | |
Czech Republic | Prague | January 11–12 | Met with the Presidents and Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. | ||
Ukraine | Kyiv | January 12 | Met with President Leonid Kravchuk. | ||
Russia | Moscow | January 12–15 | Met with President Boris Yeltsin and senior Russian officials. Signed nuclear disarmament agreement with Ukraine. | ||
Belarus | Minsk | January 15 | Met with Chairman Stanislav Shushkevich. [2] [3] [4] [5] | ||
Switzerland | Geneva | January 15–16 | Met with Syrian president Hafez al-Assad. | ||
4 | Italy | Rome, Nettuno | June 2–4 | Met with Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro. Visited U.S. Military Cemetery. | |
Vatican City | Apostolic Palace | June 2 | Audience with Pope John Paul II. | ||
United Kingdom | Cambridge, London, Portsmouth | June 4–5 | Visited U.S. Military Cemetery. Met with Prime Minister John Major. Attended state dinner with Queen Elizabeth II and heads of state and government of Canada, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and Belgium. Attended the 50th anniversary of D-Day commemorative ceremonies. | ||
France | Colleville, Paris | June 6–8 | Attended the 50th anniversary of D-Day memorial ceremonies. Met with President François Mitterrand and senior French officials. Addressed the French National Assembly. | ||
United Kingdom | Oxford | June 8 | Received honorary degree from Oxford University. | ||
5 | Latvia | Riga | July 6 | Met with the Presidents of the Baltic states. | |
Poland | Warsaw | July 6–7 | Addressed the Polish Parliament. Attended ceremonies commemorating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. | ||
Italy | Naples | July 7–10 | Attended the 20th G7 summit. Met with Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama, Canadian prime minister Jean Chrétien and Russian president Boris Yeltsin. | ||
Germany | Bonn, Ludwigshafen, Berlin | July 10–12 | Met with Chancellor Helmut Kohl and German political leaders. Delivered a public address at the Brandenburg Gate. Attended deactivation ceremony for the Berlin Brigade. | ||
6 | Egypt | Cairo | October 25–26 | Met with President Hosni Mubarak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat. | |
Jordan | Aqaba, Wadi Arava, Amman | October 26–27 | Attended the signing of the Israel-Jordan peace agreement. Addressed the Jordanian Parliament. | ||
Syria | Damascus | October 27 | Met with President Hafez al-Assad. | ||
Israel | Jerusalem | October 27–28 | Met with senior Israeli officials. Addressed the Knesset. | ||
Kuwait | Kuwait City | October 28 | Met with Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah. Addressed U.S. military personnel. | ||
Saudi Arabia | King Khalid Military City | October 28 | Met with King Fahd. | ||
7 | Philippines | Manila, Corregidor Island | November 12–13 | State visit. Met with President Fidel V. Ramos. Visited World War II battlegrounds of Corregidor Island. | |
Indonesia | Jakarta, Bogor | November 13–16 | State visit. Attended the APEC Summit Meeting. | ||
8 | Hungary | Budapest | December 5 | Attended CSCE Summit Meeting. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | Canada | Ottawa | February 23–24 | State visit. Met with Governor General Roméo LeBlanc and Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. Addressed Parliament. | |
10 | Haiti | Port-au-Prince | March 31 | Attended transition ceremony for United Nations Mission in Haiti. | |
11 | Russia | Moscow | May 9–11 | Summit meeting. Attended the 50th anniversary of VE Day ceremonies. | |
Ukraine | Kyiv | May 11–12 | State visit. Met with President Leonid Kuchma. | ||
12 | Canada | Halifax | June 15–17 | Attended the 21st G7 summit. Met with Russian President Boris Yeltsin. | |
13 | Israel | Jerusalem | November 5–6 | Attended the funeral of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. | |
14 | United Kingdom | London, Belfast, Derry | November 28 – December 1 | Met with Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister John Major. Addressed Parliament. Delivered several public addresses in Northern Ireland. | |
Ireland | Dublin | December 1–2 | Met with President Mary Robinson and Taoiseach John Bruton. | ||
Germany | Baumholder | December 2 | Addressed U.S. military personnel. Met with Chancellor Helmut Kohl. | ||
Spain | Madrid | December 2–3 | Attended the European Union Summit Meeting. | ||
15 | France | Paris | December 14 | Attended the signing of the Bosnian peace treaty. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | Italy | Aviano Air Base | January 13 | Met with U.S. military personnel. | |
Hungary | Taszár | January 13 | Met with U.S. military personnel. | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Tuzla | January 13 | Met with President Alija Izetbegovic. Addressed U.S. military personnel. | ||
Croatia | Zagreb | January 13 | Met with President Franjo Tudjman. | ||
17 | Egypt | Sharm el-Sheikh | March 13 | Attended the Summit of the Peacemakers. | |
Israel | Jerusalem, Tel Aviv | March 13–14 | Discussed cooperation against terrorism with senior Israeli officials. | ||
18 | South Korea | Cheju Island | April 15–16 | Met with President Kim Young-sam. Proposed four-nation peace talks. | |
Japan | Tokyo | April 16–18 | State visit. Issued joint statement on U.S.-Japanese security relations. Addressed the Diet and U.S. Navy personnel. | ||
Russia | Saint Petersburg, Moscow | April 18–21 | Attended the G-7 summit on nuclear safety. Summit Meeting with President Boris Yeltsin. | ||
19 | France | Lyon, Pérouges, Paris | June 27–29 | Attended the 22nd G7 summit. Met with Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and UN secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali. | |
20 | Australia | Sydney, Canberra, Port Douglas | November 19–23 | State visit. Addressed joint meeting of Parliament. Visited the Great Barrier Reef. | |
Philippines | Manila, Subic | November 24–25 | Attended the APEC Summit Meeting. | ||
Thailand | Bangkok | November 25–26 | State visit. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Finland | Helsinki | March 20–21 | Summit meeting with Russian president Boris Yeltsin. Also met with President Martti Ahtisaari. | |
22 | Mexico | Mexico City, Tlaxcala | May 5–7 | State visit. Met with President Ernesto Zedillo. | |
Costa Rica | San José | May 7–9 | Attended the Summit Meeting of Presidents of the Central American Republics. Met President José María Figueres and travelled to Braulio Carrillo National Park. | ||
Barbados | Bridgetown | May 9–11 | Attended the U.S.-Caribbean Community summit meeting. Signed the Partnership for Prosperity and Security in the Caribbean pact. | ||
23 | France | Paris | May 26–27 | Attended the NATO Summit Meeting and the signing of the NATO-Russia Founding Act. | |
Netherlands | The Hague, Rotterdam | May 27–28 | Attended the U.S.-EU Summit Meeting. Attended the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. | ||
United Kingdom | London | May 28–29 | Met with Prime Minister Tony Blair. Attended a Cabinet meeting. | ||
24 | Spain | Palma de Majorca, Madrid, Granada | July 4–10 | Vacationed with King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sophia. Attended the NATO Summit Meeting in Madrid. | |
Poland | Warsaw | July 10–11 | Met with President Aleksander Kwaśniewski and former president Lech Wałęsa. | ||
Romania | Bucharest | July 11 | Met with President Emil Constantinescu and Romanian political leaders. | ||
Denmark | Copenhagen | July 11–12 | Met with Queen Margrethe II and Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen. | ||
25 | Venezuela | Caracas | October 12–13 | Met with President Rafael Caldera. | |
Brazil | Brasília, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro | October 13–15 | Met with President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Delivered several public addresses. | ||
Argentina | Buenos Aires, San Carlos de Bariloche | October 15–18 | Met with President Carlos Menem. Delivered several public addresses. | ||
26 | Canada | Vancouver | November 23–25 | Attended the APEC Summit Meeting. | |
27 | Italy | Aviano Air Base | December 22 | Stopped en route to Bosnia-Herzegovina. | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo, Tuzla | December 22 | Met with the Bosnian Collective Presidency and Bosnian Serb President Biljana Plavšić. Visited U.S. military personnel. | ||
Italy | Aviano Air Base | December 22 | Stopped during return to Washington D.C.. | ||
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 | Ghana | Accra | March 23 | Met with President Jerry Rawlings. Visited a Peace Corps project. | |
Uganda | Kampala, Kisowera, Mukono Town, Wanyange, Entebbe | March 23–25 | Met with President Yoweri Museveni and the Presidents of Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya and the Congo. | ||
Rwanda | Kigali | March 25 | Met with President Pasteur Bizimungu. Delivered a public address. | ||
South Africa | Cape Town, Johannesburg | March 25–29 | Met with President Nelson Mandela. Addressed joint session of Parliament. | ||
Botswana | Gaborone, Kasame | March 29–31 | Met with President Quett Masire. Visited Chobe National Park. | ||
Senegal | Dakar, Thiès, Gorée Island | March 31 – April 2 | Met with President Abdou Diouf. Visited Senegalese peacekeeping troops. Delivered several public addresses. | ||
29 | Chile | Santiago | April 16–19 | State visit. Attended the 2nd Summit of the Americas. | |
30 | Germany | Berlin, Potsdam, Frankfurt, Eisenach | May 12–14 | Met with Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Attended 50th anniversary of the Berlin Airlift. | |
United Kingdom | Birmingham, Weston-under-Lizard, London | May 14–18 | Attended the 24th G8 summit and the US-EU summit meetings. | ||
Switzerland | Geneva | May 18 | Attended the WTO meeting commemorating the 50th anniversary of GATT. | ||
31 | China | Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai, Guilin, Hong Kong | June 24 – July 3 | State visit. Met with President Jiang Zemin. Visited the Forbidden City and the Great Wall of China. Delivered a speech at Peking University. | |
32 | Russia | Moscow | September 1–3 | Summit meeting with President Boris Yeltsin. | |
United Kingdom | Belfast, Armagh, Omagh | September 3 | Met with Prime Minister Tony Blair and Northern Irish political leaders. Addressed the Northern Ireland Assembly. | ||
Ireland | Dublin, Adare, Limerick, Ballybunion | September 3–5 | Met with Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. Delivered several public addresses and played golf. | ||
33 | Japan | Tokyo | November 19–20 | Met with Emperor Akihito and Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi. Addressed American Chamber of Commerce. | |
South Korea | Seoul, Osan | November 20–22 | Met with President Kim Dae-jung. Addressed U.S. military personnel. | ||
34 | Israel | Jerusalem, Masada | December 12–15 | Met with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and senior Israeli officials. | |
Palestinian National Authority | Gaza, Bethlehem, Erez | December 14–15 | Addressed Palestine National Council. Attended a meeting with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Chairman Yasser Arafat. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 | Jordan | Amman | February 8 | Attended the funeral of King Hussein. | |
36 | Mexico | Mérida | February 14–15 | State visit. Met with President Ernesto Zedillo. | |
37 | Nicaragua | Managua, Posoltega, El Porvenir | March 8 | Discussed reconstruction aid with President Arnoldo Aleman. | |
Honduras | Soto Cano Air Base, Tegucigalpa | March 8–9 | Discussed reconstruction aid with President Carlos Roberto Flores. Addressed U.S. military personnel. | ||
El Salvador | San Salvador | March 10 | Addressed Legislative Assembly. | ||
Guatemala | Guatemala City, Antigua | March 10–11 | Attended the Central American Summit. | ||
38 | Belgium | Brussels | May 4 | Discussed the Kosovo War with NATO officials. | |
Germany | Frankfurt, Ramstein Air Base, Spangdahlem Air Base, Bonn, Ingelheim | May 4–6 | Addressed U.S. military personnel; met with Chancellor Gerhard Schröder; met with Kosovo War refugees. | ||
39 | Switzerland | Geneva | June 16 | Addressed ILO Conference. Met with President Ruth Dreifuss. | |
France | Paris | June 16–17 | Discussed peacekeeping in Kosovo with President Jacques Chirac and Prime Minister Lionel Jospin. | ||
Germany | Cologne, Bonn | June 17–21 | Attended the 25th G8 summit. | ||
Slovenia | Ljubljana | June 21–22 | Met with President Milan Kučan, Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek and Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović. | ||
Macedonia | Skopje | June 22 | Met with President Kiro Gligorov. Addressed Kosovar refugees and NATO military personnel. | ||
Italy | Aviano Air Base | June 22 | Addressed U.S. military personnel. | ||
40 | Morocco | Rabat | July 25 | Attended the funeral of King Hassan II. Met with Palestinian Authority president Yasser Arafat and Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak. | |
41 | Italy | Aviano Air Base | July 29–30 | Stopped en route to Sarajevo. | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | July 30 | Attended Stability Pact Leaders Conference. | ||
Italy | Aviano Air Base | July 30 | Stopped during return to Washington D.C.. | ||
42 | New Zealand | Auckland, Queenstown, Christchurch | September 11–15 | Attended the APEC Summit Meeting. State Visit. | |
43 | Canada | Ottawa, Mont-Tremblant | October 7–8 | Met with Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and Quebec Premier Lucien Bouchard. Attended Federalism Conference at Mont Tremblant. Dedicated new U.S. Embassy building. | |
44 | Norway | Oslo | November 1–2 | State visit. Held discussions with Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik [6] Attended commemorative ceremony for former Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin. Met with Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin; also met with Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat and Prime Minister Ehud Barak of Israel. [7] | |
45 | Turkey | Ankara, İzmit, Ephesus, Istanbul | November 15–19 | State visit. Attended Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Summit meeting. | |
Greece | Athens | November 19–20 | State visit. Met with Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis. | ||
Italy | Florence | November 20–21 | Attended conference on Progressive Governance for the 21st Century. | ||
Bulgaria | Sofia | November 21–23 | Met with President Petar Stoyanov and Prime Minister Ivan Kostov. | ||
Yugoslavia (Kosovo) | Pristina, Uroševac, Camp Bondsteel | November 23 | Met with Kosovar Transitional Council. Addressed the Albanian community and U.S. military personnel. | ||
Italy | Aviano Air Base | November 23 | Stopped during return to Washington D.C.. |
Country | Areas visited | Dates | Details | Image | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
46 | Switzerland | Davos | January 29 | Addressed the World Economic Forum. | |
47 | Italy | Aviano Air Base | March 18 | Stopped en route to India. | |
India | New Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Hyderabad, Mumbai | March 19–25 | Met with President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Signed Joint Statement on Energy and the Environment. Addressed the Indian Parliament. | ||
Bangladesh | Dhaka | March 20 | Met with President Shahabuddin Ahmed and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. | ||
Pakistan | Islamabad | March 25 | Met with President Muhammad Rafiq Tarar and General Pervez Musharraf. Delivered radio address. | ||
Oman | Muscat | March 25 | Met with Sultan Qaboos bin Said. | ||
Switzerland | Geneva | March 25 | Met with Syrian President Hafez al-Assad. | ||
48 | Portugal | Lisbon | May 30 – June 1 | Attended the U.S.-EU Summit Meeting. Met with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. | |
Germany | Berlin, Aachen | June 1–3 | Met with President Johannes Rau and Chancellor Schröder; received Charlemagne Prize, and attended a Third Way Conference. | ||
Russia | Moscow | June 3–5 | Summit meeting with President Vladimir Putin. Addressed the Duma. | ||
Ukraine | Kyiv | June 5 | Met with President Leonid Kuchma. | ||
49 | Japan | Tokyo | June 8 | Attended the funeral of former Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi. | |
50 | Japan | Nago | July 21–23 | Attended the 26th G8 summit. | |
51 | Nigeria | Abuja, Ushafa | August 26–28 | Met with President Olusegun Obasanjo. Addressed the National Assembly. | |
Tanzania | Arusha | August 28–29 | Met with former South African president Nelson Mandela to promote a peace agreement for Burundi. Met with President Benjamin Mkapa. | ||
Egypt | Cairo | August 29 | Briefed President Hosni Mubarak on the Middle East Peace Process. | ||
52 | Colombia | Cartagena | August 30 | Met with President Andrés Pastrana Arango. | |
53 | Egypt | Sharm el-Sheikh | October 16–17 | Attended the Israeli-Palestinian Summit Meeting. | |
54 | Brunei | Bandar Seri Begawan | November 14–16 | Attended the APEC Summit Meeting. | |
Vietnam | Hanoi, Tien Chau, Ho Chi Minh City | November 16–19 | Met with President Tran Duc Luong. Delivered several public addresses. | ||
55 | Ireland | Dublin, Dundalk | December 12 | Met with Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. Delivered several public addresses. | |
United Kingdom | Belfast, London, Coventry | December 12–14 | Met with Prime Minister Tony Blair and Northern Irish political leaders in Belfast. Met with Queen Elizabeth II and delivered a speech at the University of Warwick. |
Multilateral meetings of the following intergovernmental organizations took place during Bill Clinton's presidency (1993–2001).
Group | Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
APEC | November 19–20 Seattle | November 15–16 Bogor | November 18–19 [a] Osaka | November 24–25 Subic | November 24–25 Vancouver | November 17–18 [b] Kuala Lumpur | September 12–13 Auckland | November 15–16 Bandar Seri Begawan |
G7 / G8 | July 7–9 Tokyo | July 8–10 Naples | June 15–17 Halifax | June 27–29 Lyon | June 20–22 Denver | May 15–17 Birmingham | June 18–20 Cologne | July 21–23 Nago |
NATO | none | January 10–11 Brussels | none | none | May 27 Paris | none | April 23–25 Washington | none |
July 8–9 Madrid | ||||||||
SOA (OAS) | none | December 9–11 Miami | none | none | none | April 18–19 Santiago | none | none |
OSCE | none | December 5–6 Budapest | none | December 2–3 Lisbon | none | none | November 18–19 Istanbul | none |
Others | none | none | U.S.–EU Summit December 2–3 Madrid | none | Central American Summit May 7–9 San José | none | Central American Summit March 10–11 Antigua Guatemala | U.S.–EU Summit May 30–June 1 Lisbon |
U.S.–EU Summit May 27–28 The Hague | ||||||||
██ = Did not attend; ██ = No meeting held. ^a Al Gore attended in the President's place due to the US government shutdown. • ^b Al Gore attended in the President's place due to the ongoing impeachment inquiry. |
Bill Clinton's tenure as the 42nd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1993, and ended on January 20, 2001. Clinton, a Democrat from Arkansas, took office following his victory over Republican incumbent president George H. W. Bush and independent businessman Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential election. Four years later, in the 1996 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee Bob Dole and Perot again, to win re-election. Clinton served two terms and was succeeded by Republican George W. Bush, who won the 2000 presidential election.
Warren Minor Christopher was an American attorney, diplomat and statesman who served as the 63rd United States secretary of state from 1993 to 1997.
Intermittent discussions are held by various parties and proposals put forward in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through a peace process. Since the 1970s, there has been a parallel effort made to find terms upon which peace can be agreed to in both this conflict and the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. Notably, the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel included discussions on plans for "Palestinian autonomy", but did not include any Palestinian representatives. The autonomy plan would later not be implemented, but its stipulations would to a large extent be represented in the Oslo Accords.
The United States was the first country to recognize the nascent State of Israel on May 14, 1948. Since the 1960s, the Israel–U.S. relationship has grown into a mutually beneficial alliance in economic, strategic and military aspects. The U.S. has provided strong support for Israel: it has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel and its neighbouring Arab states—notably Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt—while holding off hostility from countries such as Syria and Iran. In turn, Israel provides a strategic American foothold in the region as well as intelligence and advanced technological partnerships in both the civilian and military worlds. During the Cold War, Israel was a vital counterweight to Soviet influence in the region. Relations with Israel are an important factor in the U.S. government's overall foreign policy in the Middle East; the U.S. Congress has placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a supportive relationship. The relationship has been marked by the strong influence of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a pro-Israel lobby which has its own political action committee (PAC); it has been called one of the most powerful lobbying groups in the United States.
The foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration was of secondary concern to a president fixed on domestic policy. Clinton relied chiefly on his two experienced Secretaries of State Warren Christopher (1993–1997) and Madeleine Albright (1997–2001), as well as Vice President Al Gore. The Cold War had ended and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union had taken place under his predecessor President George H. W. Bush, whom Clinton criticized for being too preoccupied with foreign affairs. The United States was the only remaining superpower, with a military strength far overshadowing the rest of the world. There were tensions with countries such as Iran and North Korea, but no visible threats. Clinton's main priority was always domestic affairs, especially economics. Foreign-policy was chiefly of interest to him in terms of promoting American trade. His administration signed more than 300 bilateral trade agreements. His emergencies had to do with humanitarian crises which raised the issue of American or NATO or United Nations interventions to protect civilians, or armed humanitarian intervention, as the result of civil war, state collapse, or oppressive governments.
The United States and South Africa currently maintain bilateral relations with one another. The United States and South Africa have been economically linked to one another since the late 18th century which has continued into the 21st century. United States and South Africa relations faced periods of strain throughout the 20th century due to the segregationist, white minority rule in South Africa, from 1948 to 1994. Following the end of apartheid in South Africa, the United States and South Africa have developed a strategically, politically, and economically beneficial relationship with one another and currently enjoy "cordial relations" despite "occasional strains". South Africa remains the United States' largest trading partner in Africa as of 2019.
The Israel Policy Forum is an American Jewish organization that works for a negotiated two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through advocacy, education and policy research. The organization appeals to American policymakers in support of this goal and writes opinion pieces that have appeared in many Jewish and non-Jewish newspapers. The organization was founded in 1993.
Israel–Jordan relations are the diplomatic, economic and cultural relations between Israel and Jordan. The two countries share a land border, with three border crossings: Yitzhak Rabin/Wadi Araba Crossing, Jordan River Crossing and the Allenby/King Hussein Bridge Crossing, that connects the West Bank with Jordan. The relationship between the two countries is regulated by the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994, which formally ended the state of war that had existed between the two countries since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and also established diplomatic relations, besides other matters. Relations between the countries get strained from time to time, usually over tensions at the Al-Aqsa mosque. On 8 October 2020, Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries’ airspace.
The Clinton Parameters were guidelines for a permanent status agreement to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, proposed during the final weeks of the Presidential transition from Bill Clinton to George W. Bush.
The Barack Obama administration's involvement in the Middle East was greatly varied between the region's various countries. Some nations, such as Libya and Syria, were the subject of offensive action at the hands of the Obama administration, while nations such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia received arms deliveries. Notable achievements of the administration include inhibiting the Iranian nuclear program, while his handling of certain situations, such as the Syrian civil war, were highly criticized.
China–Palestine relations, also referred to as Sino–Palestinian relations, encompass the long bilateral relationship between China and Palestine dating back from the early years of the Cold War.
There are no diplomatic relations that exist between Israel and Yemen and relations between the two countries are very tense. Yemen refuses the admission of people with an Israeli passport or any passport with an Israeli stamp, and the country is defined as an "enemy state" by Israeli law. During the Israel–Hamas war, the Houthi movement in Yemen launched a missile and drone striking campaign against Israel and ships in the Red Sea.
Political relations between the State of Palestine and the United States have been complex and strained since the 1960s. While the U.S. does not recognize the State of Palestine, it recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as the legitimate representative entity for the Palestinian people; following the Oslo Accords, it recognized the Palestinian National Authority as the legitimate Palestinian government of the Palestinian territories.
Ten United States presidents have made presidential visits to the Middle East. The first trips by an incumbent president to countries in the Middle East were those by Franklin D. Roosevelt, and were an offshoot of Allied diplomatic interactions during World War II. To date, 16 visits have been made to Egypt, 12 to Saudi Arabia, 11 to Israel, six to both Iraq, Jordan and Turkey, four to Iran, three to the Palestinian Territories, two to both Kuwait and Syria, one to Bahrain, Georgia, Oman, Qatar, and to the United Arab Emirates. No incumbent American president has yet visited Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Yemen.
Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Southern Europe. Woodrow Wilson became the first incumbent president to visit a Southern European country in January 1919 in the aftermath of World War I. Visits occurring during the 1940s through 1980s were offshoots of American diplomatic interactions during World War II and then the Cold War.
Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe. The first visits by an incumbent president to countries in Western Europe were made in 1918 and 1919 by Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. He was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his peacemaking efforts. Visits occurring during the 1940s through 1980s were offshoots of American diplomatic interactions following World War II and during the Cold War. To date, 41 visits have been made to France, 32 to Germany, 21 to Belgium, 11 to Switzerland, six to Austria, and five to the Netherlands. No president has yet visited Liechtenstein, Luxembourg or Monaco.
Seven United States presidents have made presidential visits to Northern Europe. Richard Nixon became the first incumbent president to visit a Northern European country when he went to Iceland in 1973. The first trips were an offshoot of the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. To date, every nation in the region has been visited at least twice: Finland (7), Denmark (4), Latvia (3), Estonia (2), Iceland (2), Norway (2), Sweden (2), and Lithuania (2).
This bibliography of Bill Clinton is a selected list of generally available published works about Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States. Further reading is available on Bill Clinton, his presidency and his foreign policy, as well as in the footnotes in those articles.