| Monoclonal antibody | |
|---|---|
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Human |
| Target | endotoxin |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
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| ChemSpider |
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Nebacumab is a human monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of sepsis. [1] It has been withdrawn in 1993 because it failed to reduce mortality in clinical trials. [2]
Omalizumab, sold under the brand name Xolair, is a medication to treat asthma, nasal polyps, and urticaria (hives).
GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and peripheral nerves in humans.
Theralizumab is an immunomodulatory drug developed by Thomas Hünig of the University of Würzburg. It was withdrawn from development after inducing severe inflammatory reactions as well as chronic organ failure in the first-in-human study by PAREXEL in London in March 2006. The developing company, TeGenero Immuno Therapeutics, went bankrupt later that year. The commercial rights were then acquired by a Russian startup, TheraMAB. The drug was renamed TAB08. Phase I and II clinical trials have been completed for arthritis and clinical trials have been initiated for cancer.
Humanized antibodies are antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans. The process of "humanization" is usually applied to monoclonal antibodies developed for administration to humans. Humanization can be necessary when the process of developing a specific antibody involves generation in a non-human immune system. The protein sequences of antibodies produced in this way are partially distinct from homologous antibodies occurring naturally in humans, and are therefore potentially immunogenic when administered to human patients. The International Nonproprietary Names of humanized antibodies end in -zumab, as in omalizumab.
Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to bind monospecifically to certain cells or proteins. The objective is that this treatment will stimulate the patient's immune system to attack those cells. Alternatively, in radioimmunotherapy a radioactive dose localizes a target cell line, delivering lethal chemical doses. Antibodies are used to bind to molecules involved in T-cell regulation to remove inhibitory pathways that block T-cell responses. This is known as immune checkpoint therapy.
Bertilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to eotaxin-1, an important regulator of overall eosinophil function.
Metelimumab (CAT-192) is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF beta 1 which had been chosen for further development for the treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma. It was dropped from further development in favour of fresolimumab, which was being developed by Genzyme as of 2006.
Zanolimumab is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug. It was developed with the goal of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, melanoma, cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Development of the drug was ultimately discontinued with termination of all trials.
Elsilimomab is a mouse monoclonal antibody. B-E8 was developed by Diaclone, a French company which produces many mouse monoclonal antibodies.
Visilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated for use as an immunosuppressive drug in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Visilizumab binds to the CD3 receptor on certain activated T cells without affecting resting T cells. It is currently under clinical studies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Sevirumab (MSL-109) is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of infections with cytomegalovirus in patients with AIDS.
Cixutumumab (IMC-A12) is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of solid tumors.
Carlumab is a discontinued human recombinant monoclonal antibody that targets human CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1). Carlumab was under development for use in the treatment of oncology and immune indications and was studied for application in systemic sclerosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, liver fibrosis and type 2 diabetes.
Icrucumab (IMC-18F1) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of solid tumors.
Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSF-R).
Namilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) and is currently being researched for application in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Clinical trials investigating the therapeutic utility of Namilumab have include phase I and phase II clinical trials to establish the safety, tolerability and preliminary therapeutic utility of the antibody in plaque psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Patritumab (INN) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. It acts as an immunomodulator.
Lirilumab (INN) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. It binds to KIR2DL1/2L3.
Bermekimab is a human monoclonal antibody of IgG1k isotype targeting Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A). As of March 2017, bermekimab is in phase III clinical trials as an immunotherapy for colorectal cancer and as of September 2018 in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Bamlanivimab is a monoclonal antibody developed by AbCellera Biologics and Eli Lilly as a treatment for COVID-19. The medication was granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2020, and the EUA was revoked in April 2021.
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