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Rapid plant movement encompasses movement in plant structures occurring over a very short period, usually under one second. For example, the Venus flytrap closes its trap in about 100 milliseconds. The traps of Utricularia are much faster, closing in about 0.5 milliseconds. The dogwood bunchberry's flower opens its petals and fires pollen in less than 0.5 milliseconds. The record is currently held by the white mulberry tree, with flower movement taking 25 microseconds, as pollen is catapulted from the stamens at velocities in excess of half the speed of sound—near the theoretical physical limits for movements in plants.
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Mimosa pigra, commonly known as the giant sensitive tree, is a species of plant of the genus Mimosa, in the family Fabaceae.
Carmenta mimosa is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is native to Central America, but has been introduced to the Northern Territory of Australia in 1989.
Caloptilia octopunctata is a species of moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia.
Spulerina astaurota is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from India, Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East.
Spulerina castaneae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (Honshū) and the Russian Far East.
Spulerina virgulata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Honshū island of Japan.
Spulerina isonoma is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from India (Bihar), Malaysia and Thailand.
Spulerina malicola is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Assam and Meghalaya, India.
Porphyrosela hardenbergiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from New Zealand, but may be adventive, since the host plant is Australian. The colony known to Wise has been destroyed since its discovery. This species was last collected in New Zealand in 1955 but as at 2019 was still not known from Australia.
Marmara basidendroca is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the New York, United States.
Marmara corticola is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec, Canada, and New York and Vermont, in the United States.
Marmara apocynella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ohio and Maine in the United States.
Marmara auratella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the United States.
Marmara oregonensis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Oregon, United States.
Neurostrota pithecolobiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Cuba.
Acrocercops panacicorticis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from New Zealand. In 2019 Robert Hoare proposed that this species be provisionally assigned to the genus Eumetriochroa. However as this proposal needs further investigation this species is also currently known as Eumetriochroa (s.l.) panacicorticis.
Samea multiplicalis, the salvinia stem-borer moth, is an aquatic moth commonly found in freshwater habitats from the southern United States to Argentina, as well as in Australia where it was introduced in 1981. Salvinia stem-borer moths lay their eggs on water plants like Azolla caroliniana, Pistia stratiotes, and Salvinia rotundifolia. Larval feeding on host plants causes plant death, which makes S. multiplicalis a good candidate for biological control of weedy water plants like Salvinia molesta, an invasive water fern in Australia. However, high rates of parasitism in the moth compromise its ability to effectively control water weeds. S. multiplicalis larvae are a pale yellow to green color, and adults develop tan coloration with darker patterning. The lifespan, from egg to the end of adulthood is typically three to four weeks. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854.
In Australia, Mimosa pigra has been declared a noxious weed or given similar status under various weed or quarantine Acts. It has been ranked as the tenth most problematic weed and is listed on the Weeds of National Significance. It is currently restricted to the Northern Territory where it infests approximately 80,000 hectares of coastal floodplain.
References
- ↑ Australian Faunal Directory
- ↑ Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)
- ↑ Landry, B. 2006. The Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera, Gracillarioideae) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, with notes on some of their relatives. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 113(3):437–485. (p.474
- ↑ Moth Photographers Group
- ↑ Australian Insects
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