Nymphaea rubra

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Nymphaea rubra
Nymphaea rubra Water lily from Karikalampakkam, Pondy IMG 4215 a.jpg
Nymphaea rubra flowering in Karikalampakkam, India
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
Subgenus: Nymphaea subg. Lotos
Species:
N. rubra
Binomial name
Nymphaea rubra
Roxb. ex Andrews [2]
Synonyms [2]
  • Castalia rubra (Roxb. ex Andrews) Tratt.
  • Leuconymphaea rubra (Roxb. ex Andrews) Kuntze
  • Nymphaea rubra var. purpurea DC.
  • Castalia magnifica Salisb.
  • Nymphaea magnifica (Salisb.) Conard
  • Nymphaea rubra subsp. latipetala Lovassy
  • Nymphaea rubra subsp. longiflora Lovassy
  • Nymphaea rubra subsp. sanguinolenta Lovassy

Nymphaea rubra is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Sri Lanka and northeastern India to western and central Malesia. Additionally, it has been introduced to regions such as Southeast China, Cuba, Guyana, Hungary, and Suriname. [2]

Contents

Description

Nymphaeaceae With Flower.jpg
Leaf of Nymphaea rubra with dentate margin
Red Manel Flower.jpg
Stamens of Nymphaea rubra without sterile apical appendage
Botanical illustration of Nymphaea rubra in the publication "The waterlilies: a monograph of the genus Nymphaea" by Henry Shoemaker Conard The waterlilies (Plate 18) (7060879373).jpg
Botanical illustration of Nymphaea rubra in the publication "The waterlilies: a monograph of the genus Nymphaea" by Henry Shoemaker Conard

Vegetative characteristics

Nymphaea rubra has 15.1 cm long, and 7.9 cm wide rhizomes. [3] The petiolate, orbicular leaves are 25–48 cm wide. The adaxial leaf surface is bronzy red to dark green, and the abaxial leaf surface is dark purple. The leaf venation is very prominent. [4] The petiole is 140 cm long. [3]

Generative characteristics

The flowers are 15–25 cm wide. [5] The four purplish-red sepals are oblong to lanceolate. [6] The 12-20 narrowly oval petals have a rounded apex. The androecium consists of 55 red stamens. [5] The gynoecium consists of 16-21 carpels. [6] The fruit bears 1.85 mm long, and 1.6 mm wide seeds. [5] The peduncle is 116 cm long. [3] The flowers are pleasantly fragrant. [7]

Cytology

The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 56. [3]

Reproduction

Vegetative reproduction

One case of the development of a proliferating pseudanthia has been reported for a Nymphaea rubra specimen cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1886. [8]

Generative reproduction

Nymphaea rubra may reproduce apomictically. [9]

Taxonomy

Publication

It was first named by William Roxburgh, but only later validly published by Henry Cranke Andrews in 1808. [2] Its status is uncertain and it may be of hybrid origin. [10]

Placement within Nymphaea

It is placed in Nymphaea subg. Lotos. [5] [10]

Etymology

The specific epithet rubra means "red". [11] [12]

Conservation

The IUCN conservation status is Least Concern (LC). [1]

Ecology

Numerous Nymphaea rubra flowering in a pond in Karikalampakkam, India Water lily (Nymphaea rubra) Pond near Karikalampakkam, Pondy IMG 4271.JPG
Numerous Nymphaea rubra flowering in a pond in Karikalampakkam, India

Habitat

It occurs in rivers, lakes, and ponds. [13]

Use

The peduncles, and seeds are used as food. [1]

Cultivation

It is suitable for the cultivation in aquaria. [14] [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Victoria</i> (plant) Genus of aquatic plants

Victoria or giant waterlily is a genus of aquatic herbs in the plant family Nymphaeaceae. Its leaves have a remarkable size: Victoria boliviana produces leaves up to 3.2 metres (10 ft) in width. The genus name was given in honour of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

<i>Nymphaea</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Nymphaea is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and many cultivars have been bred. Some taxa occur as introduced species where they are not native, and some are weeds. Plants of the genus are known commonly as water lilies, or waterlilies in the United Kingdom. The genus name is from the Greek νυμφαία, nymphaia and the Latin nymphaea, which means "water lily" and were inspired by the nymphs of Greek and Latin mythology.

<i>Nymphaea mexicana</i> Species of aquatic plant

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<i>Nymphaea odorata <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> tuberosa</i> Species of plant

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<i>Nymphaea ondinea</i> Species of water lily

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<i>Nymphaea glandulifera</i> Species of water lily

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<i>Nymphaea gardneriana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea gardneriana is a species of waterlily native to Cuba and tropical South America.

<i>Nymphaea potamophila</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea potamophila is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Venezuela to northern Brazil. Additionally, it has been reported to occur in Colombia.

<i>Nymphaea rudgeana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea rudgeana is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America.

Nymphaea tenuinervia is a species of waterlily native to Colombia, Guyana and Brazil.

Nymphaea belophylla is a species of waterlily native to Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela.

Nymphaea conardii is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from Southern Mexico to tropical South America.

Nymphaea pedersenii is a species of waterlily native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.

Nymphaea lingulata is a species of waterlily native to Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.

Nymphaea novogranatensis is a species of waterlily native to Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela.

<i>Nymphaea heudelotii</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea heudelotii is a species of waterlily native to the region spanning from tropical West Africa to Uganda and Botswana.

<i>Nymphaea <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> daubenyana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea × daubenyana is a species of waterlily endemic to Chad, but has been introduced to Florida, USA. It is a natural hybrid of Nymphaea micrantha and Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea.

<i>Nymphaea gracilis</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea gracilis is a species of waterlily endemic to Mexico. It is the only species of its genus which is endemic to Mexico.

<i>Nymphaea loriana</i> Species of water lily

Nymphaea loriana is a species of waterlily endemic to Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada.

Nymphaea petersiana is a species of the genus Nymphaea native to the region spanning from Tanzania to South Africa.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Juffe Bignoli, D. 2011. Nymphaea rubra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T169021A6562659. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169021A6562659.en. Accessed on 04 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hossain, A.; Kabir, G.; Ud-deen, M. M.; Alam, A. M. S. (2007). "Cytological studies of Nymphaea species available in Bangladesh". Journal of Bio-Science: 7–13. ISSN   1023-8654..
  4. ↑ Guruge, D. S. K.; Yakandawala, D.; Yakandawala, K (2016), "Confirming the identity of newly recorded Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews discerning from Nymphaea pubescens Willd. using morphometrics and molecular sequence analyses." (PDF), Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 23 (2)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Conard, H. S. (2015). The Waterlilies: A Monograph of the Genus Nymphaea (Classic Reprint). pp. 199-200. USA: FB&C Limited.
  6. 1 2 La-ongsri, W.; Trisonthi, C.; Balslev, H (2009), "A synopsis of Thai Nymphaeaceae" (PDF), Nordic Journal of Botany, 27 (2): 97–114
  7. ↑ Henkel, F.; Rehnelt, F.; Dittmann, L. (1907), Das Buch der Nymphaeaceen oder Seerosengewächse, p. 72
  8. ↑ Franz Bleisch. (1886). "Abnorme Blüte von Nymphaea rubra." Deutsches Magazin Für Garten- Und Blumenkunde, 39, 326.
  9. ↑ Wiersema, J. H. (1988). Reproductive Biology of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75(3), 795–804. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399367
  10. 1 2 Löhne, C., Yoo, M. J., Borsch, T., Wiersema, J., Wilde, V., Bell, C. D., ... & Soltis, P. S. (2008). Biogeography of Nymphaeales: extant patterns and historical events. Taxon, 57(4), 1123-19E.
  11. ↑ Joe, A.; Sreejith, P. E.; Sabu, M. (2016). "Notes on Musa rubra Kurz (Musaceae) and reduction of M. laterita Cheesman as conspecific". Taiwania. 61 (1): 34–40.
  12. ↑ Dictionary of Botanical Epithets. (n.d.-b). Retrieved January 4, 2024, from http://botanicalepithets.net/dictionary/dictionary.159.html
  13. ↑ Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Salisb. (n.d.). India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved January 4, 2024, from https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230505
  14. ↑ Nymphaea rubra - Rote Seerose. (n.d.). Flowgrow. Retrieved January 4, 2024, from https://www.flowgrow.de/db/wasserpflanzen/nymphaea-rubra
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