Odontarrhena

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Odontarrhena
Alyssum obovatum 38030702.jpg
Previously Alyssum obovatum now Odontarrhena obovata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Odontarrhena
C.A.Mey. [1]
Species

See text

Synonyms

TriplopetalumNyár.

Odontarrhena is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. [2] They were originally a separate genus and then were amalgamated into the Alyssum genus, but then morphological and molecular evidence has reseperated them. Some of the genera are nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators (a plant capable of growing in soil or water with very high concentrations of metals).

Contents

Description

It is similar in habit to Alyssum and has small yellow flowers, except that it has a suborbicular pouch and one seeded cells. [3] The plants are characterised by inflorescences that are usually compound, subumbellate racemes. There is a single ovule per loculus, and the fruit valves are at most only slightly inflated. [4]

Range

Odontarrhena alpestris Alyssum alpestre Alpen-Steinkraut.JPG
Odontarrhena alpestris

Its widespread native range is from temperate Eurasia to subarctic America. It is found in Europe (within Albania, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Islands, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Sardina, Sicily, Switzerland and Yugoslavia), Eastern Europe (within Central European Russia, Crimea, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia and Ukraine), Siberia (within Altai, Buryatiya, Chita Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva, West Siberia and Yakutskiya), the Russian Far East (within Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Magadan Oblast), Central Asia (within Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), the Caucasus (North Caucasus and Transcaucasus), Western Asia (Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey), China (Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and Xinjiang), Mongolia and also Subarctic America (within Alaska, Northwest Territories and the Yukon). [2]

The Balkan Peninsula is a major diversity center. [5] Greece has the largest number of species; [6] next, Albania is known to have 7 species. [7] It is also found on the serpentine soils of Lesbos Island (in Greece). [8]

Taxonomy

Odontarrhena was a taxonomically difficult genus of the tribe Alysseae. However, recent morphological and molecular evidence (DNA analysis) clearly showed that Alyssum and Odontarrhena are monophyletic clades within the tribe Alysseae, deserving separate generic status (Warwick et al. 2008; Cecchi et al. 2010; Rešetnik et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015). [5]

The genus name of Odontarrhena is derived from two Greek words; odous meaning tooth and arrhen meaning male. [9] It was first described and published by Carl Anton von Meyer in Flora Altaica (edited by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour) Vol.3 on page 58 in 1831. [2]

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they still list it as synonym of AlyssumL. and they only list Odontarrhena obovataC. A. Mey. as a known species. [10]

Known species

The following list includes all species recognised by either Plants of the World Online (as of January 2022) [2] or by BrassiBase (version 1.3, June 2020). [11] Of these, 80 species are recognised by both databases, with the remaining 16 accepted by only one of them (this is indicated in each entry).

Uses

About 48 members of the Odontarrhena species, [12] are known to be nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators (a plant capable of growing in soil or water with very high concentrations of metals). [5] [13] [8] The accumulation of nickel was first discovered in the Italian endemic Odontarrhena bertolonii(Desv.) Jord. and Fourr. (syn. Alyssum bertoloniiDesv. by Minguzzi and Vergnano in 1948, [14] [13] Of the 168 or so species of Alyssum, 45 species were determined to be hyperaccumulators of nickel, all from the Odontarrhena section. [15] The metal is found in the roots, stem, leaves and flowers of the plant. [16]

Related Research Articles

<i>Nonea</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Nonea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. Sometimes known as monkswort, these are herbaceous perennials or annual plants, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

<i>Scorzonera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.

<i>Isatis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Isatis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. Its genus name, Isatis, derives from the ancient Greek word for the plant, ἰσάτις. The genus includes woad. Due to their extremely variable morphology, the Asian species in particular are difficult to determine; the only reliable diagnostic feature is the ripe fruit. They are (usually) biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, often bluish and hairless or downy hairy with the upright stem branched.

<i>Aurinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Aurinia is a genus of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), native to mountainous areas of Central and Southern Europe, Russia and Turkey. They are closely related to Alyssum, which they resemble. They can either be biennial or woody-based evergreen perennials. They produce panicles of yellow flowers in early summer.

<i>Bupleurum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the celery family Apiaceae

Bupleurum is a large genus of annual or perennial herbs or woody shrubs, with about 190 species, belonging to the family Apiaceae. The full size of its species may vary between a few cm to up to 3 m high. Their compound umbels of small flowers are adorned with bracteoles that are sometimes large and may play a role in attracting pollinators. Rare among the Apiaceae are the simple leaves, bracts, and bracteoles. The genus is almost exclusively native in the Old World Northern Hemisphere, with one species native to North America and one species native to southern Africa.

<i>Alyssum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Alyssum is a genus of over a hundred species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region. The genus comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants or (rarely) small shrubs, growing to 10–100 cm tall, with oblong-oval leaves. Alyssum flowers are characteristically small and grouped in terminal clusters; they are often yellow or white colored but can be pink or purple.

This list covers known nickel hyperaccumulators, accumulators or plant species tolerant to nickel.

<i>Sisymbrium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Sisymbrium is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae.

<i>Turritis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Turritis is a plant genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains the following two species:

<i>Odontarrhena chondrogyna</i> Species of flowering plant

Odontarrhena chondrogyna is a species of perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It was previously included in the genus Alyssum, and hence named Alyssum chondrogynum, but was assigned to the newly established Odontarrhena after molecular phylogeny studies from the 2010s. It is endemic to the island of Cyprus, where it grows on rocky serpentinised slopes.

<i>Noccaea</i> Genus of Brassicaceae plants

Noccaea is a problematic genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate areas of western North America, southern South America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia.

<i>Hormathophylla</i> Genus of Brassicaceae plants

Hormathophylla is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the western Mediterranean; Morocco, Algeria, Spain, France and Italy. Perennial shrubs, they are adapted to dry, alkaline soils with high levels of magnesium.

<i>Alyssum montanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Alyssum montanum is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is an evergreen, prostrate perennial with small, hairy, greyish leaves. It typically grows to 10-15 centimeters tall and 30-45 centimeters across. It produces tiny, yellow, fragrant flowers from May to July. These flowers are typically 4-6 centimeters across and borne in dense racemes.

Bornmuellera is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae.

Phyllolepidum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae, native to Italy, the Balkans and Turkey. It contains two established taxa, which have been treated as either two separate species, or as subspecies of a single species

<i>Alyssum serpyllifolium</i> Species of plant in the family Brassicaceae

Alyssum serpyllifolium, the thyme-leaved alison, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the western Mediterranean region. It is adapted to serpentine soils. The Royal Horticultural Society recommends it for rock gardens.

References

  1. ↑ C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 3: 58 (1831)
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Odontarrhena C.A.Mey. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. ↑ John Lindley and Thomas Moore (Editors) The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable ..., Volume 2 (1874) , p. 802, at Google Books
  4. ↑ Hartvig, P. (1986). "Alyssum L.". In Strid, Arne (ed.). Mountain flora of Greece. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ISBN   978-0-521-25737-4.
  5. 1 2 3 Cecchi, Lorenzo; Španiel, Stanislav; Bianchi, Elisabetta; Coppi, Andrea; Gonnelli, Cristina; Selvi, Federico (August 2020). "Odontarrhena stridii (Brassicaceae), a new Nickel‑hyperaccumulating species from mainland Greece". Plant Systematics and Evolution; Heidelberg. 306 (4): 69–70. doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01687-3. hdl: 2158/1198599 . S2CID   220050869.
  6. ↑ Antony van der Ent, Alan J.M. Baker, Guillaume Echevarria, Marie-Odile Simonnot and Jean Louis Morel (Editors) Agromining: Farming for Metals: Extracting Unconventional Resources Using Plants (2020) , p. 344-345, at Google Books
  7. ↑ CECCHI, LORENZO; BETTARINI, ISABELLA; COLZI, ILARIA; COPPI, ANDREA; ECHEVARRIA, GUILLAUME; PAZZAGLI, LUIGIA; BANI, AIDA; GONNELLI, CRISTINA; SELVI, FEDERICO (29 May 2018). "The genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in Albania: Taxonomy and Nickel accumulation in a critical group of metallophytes from a major serpentine hot-spot" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 351 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.351.1.1. S2CID   90446883.
  8. 1 2 Feigl, Gábor; Varga, Viktória; Molnár, Árpád; Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.; Kolbert, Zsuzsanna (2020). "Different Nitro-Oxidative Response of Odontarrhena lesbiaca Plants from Geographically Separated Habitats to Excess Nickel". Antioxidants. 9 (9): 837. doi: 10.3390/antiox9090837 . PMC   7554898 . PMID   32906835.
  9. ↑ John Craig A New Universal, Technological, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English language, embracing all the terms used in Art, Science and Literature, Volume 2 (1854) , p. 252, at Google Books
  10. ↑ "Genus Odontarrhena C. A. Mey". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  11. ↑ Koch, Marcus A.; Kiefer, Markus; German, Dmitry; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A. "BrassiBase" . Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Margaret E. Farago (Editor) Plants and the Chemical Elements: Biochemistry, Uptake, Tolerance and Toxicity (2008) , p. 101, at Google Books
  13. 1 2 Bettarini, Isabella; Colzi, Ilaria; Gonnelli, Cristina; Pazzagli, Luigia; Reeves, Roger D.; Selvi, Federico (2020). "Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: the paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae)". Planta. 252 (6): 99. doi:10.1007/s00425-020-03507-x. PMC   7655579 . PMID   33170944.
  14. ↑ Minguzzi C, Vergnano O (1948) Il contenuto di nichel nelle ceneri di Alyssum bertolonii Desv. Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem Ser A 55:49–77
  15. ↑ M. H. Martin and P.J. Coughtrey Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution: Land and Air (1982) , p. 55, at Google Books
  16. ↑ Tripti; Kumar, Adarsh; Maleva, Maria; Borisova, Galina; Chukina, Nadezhda; Morozova, Maria; Kiseleva, Irina (April 2021). "Nickel and copper accumulation strategies in Odontarrhena obovata growing on copper smelter-influenced and non-influenced serpentine soils: a comparative field study". Environ Geochem Health. 43 (4): 1401–1413. doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00575-6. PMID   32347513. S2CID   216559611.

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