Oenothera harringtonii

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Oenothera harringtonii
Oenothera harringtonii.jpg
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Onagraceae
Genus: Oenothera
Species:
O. harringtonii
Binomial name
Oenothera harringtonii
W.L.Wagner

Oenothera harringtonii is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names Arkansas Valley evening primrose and Colorado Springs evening primrose. It is endemic to the state of Colorado in the United States. [1]

This species is part of the Oenothera caespitosa species complex. [2] It is an annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herb. It produces one or more stems from a basal rosette of leaves and a thick taproot. The stems reach up to 40 centimeters tall and are yellowish with reddish spots. [3] The hairy leaves are roughly lance-shaped and have toothed edges. They are green with a yellowish or red-purple tinge and measure up to 14.5 centimeters in length. [4] The plant bears 5 to 10 flowers at a time on each stem. The strongly fragrant flowers have petals up to 2.6 centimeters long which are white, fading pink. [3] The fruit is a knobby capsule up to 3.5 centimeters long and 8 millimeters wide. It contains up to 100 seeds. [4]

This species has been found only in Colorado, so it is currently considered to be a state endemic, but there is a strong possibility it grows in New Mexico, as well. [3] The plant grows in the middle Arkansas Valley, an area known for its unusually high number of rare, imperiled, and endemic plant species. [5] its habitat is mainly shortgrass prairie. [5] It can also be found in saltbush and greasewood plant communities. [2] The soils are alkaline and made up of clay, [5] or rocky and sandy. [4] The soils may be derived from such geological formations as the Niobrara Formation, Carlile Formation, Greenhorn Limestone, and Pierre Shale. [3] Associated plants include prairie onion (Allium textile), Bigelow sagebrush (Artemisia bigelovii), hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus reichenbachii), warty spurge (Euphorbia spathulata), James' seaheath (Frankenia jamesii), scarlet gaura (Gaura coccinea), curly-top gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa), Fendler's bladderpod (Physaria fendleri), rose heath (Leucelene ericoides), golden blazingstar (Mentzelia chrysantha), Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), Colorado beardtongue (Penstemon auriberbis), silky sophora (Sophora nuttalliana), scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea), and prince's plume (Stanleya pinnata). [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Oenothera</i> Genus of plants

Oenothera is a genus of about 145 species of herbaceous flowering plants native to the Americas. It is the type genus of the family Onagraceae. Common names include evening primrose, suncups, and sundrops. They are not closely related to the true primroses.

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<i>Oenothera biennis</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera biennis, the common evening-primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae, native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions. Evening primrose oil is produced from the plant.

<i>Oenothera lindheimeri</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera lindheimeri, commonly known as Lindheimer's beeblossom, white gaura, pink gaura, Lindheimer's clockweed, and Indian feather, is a species of Oenothera. Several of its common names derive from the genus Gaura, in which this species was formerly placed.

<i>Gaura</i> Genus of flowering plants

Gaura was a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae, native to North America. The name was derived from Greek γαῦρος (gaûros) meaning "superb" and named in reference to the stature and floral display of some species in this genus. The genus included many species known commonly as beeblossoms. Genetic research showed that the genus was paraphyletic unless the monotypic genus Stenosiphon is included within Gaura, increasing the number of species in the genus to 22. Gaura is now a synonym of Oenothera, with the bulk of the Gaura taxa in genus Oenotherasect. Gaura(L.) W.L.Wagner &Hoch.

<i>Oenothera elata</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera elata is a species of Oenothera known by the common name Hooker's evening primrose or tall evening primrose. Subspecies include hookeri, hirsutissima, longisima, jamesii, villosa and elata. It is native to much of western and central North America. The plants are quite tall, especially the hookeri subspecies, native to California, which can reach about 1.8 meters height. The plants are found along roadsides, in moist meadows, or in woodland, from sea level up to 9,000 ft (2,700 m) in elevation.

<i>Oenothera suffrutescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera suffrutescens is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known as scarlet beeblossom and scarlet gaura.

Oenothera xenogaura, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names Drummond's beeblossom and scented gaura. It is native to Mexico and its range extends into Texas. It can be found in parts of the southern and southwestern United States where it is an introduced species and is a minor weed in some areas. This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing from rhizomes. Stems reach 10 or 12 centimeters in height can be plentiful and tightly clumped. Leaves are about one to nine centimeters long and linear to slightly oval-shaped. The stems and foliage are covered in hairs. The plant produces small spike inflorescences with centimeter-long sepals and smaller spoon-shaped petals which are white, fading to pink. The fruit is an erect, woody capsule about a centimeter long with a base shaped like a stalk with a bulge at the center.

<i>Gaura sinuata</i> Species of flowering plant

Gaura sinuata is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names wavyleaf beeblossom and Red River gaura. In 2007 the species, along with the genus Gaura was reclassified in the genus Oenothera. This species then becomes O. sinuosa in Oenothera Section Gaura.

<i>Oenothera californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera californica, known by the common name California evening primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family.

<i>Oenothera primiveris</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera primiveris is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common names yellow desert evening primrose, bottle evening-primrose, and desert evening-primrose.

<i>Oenothera wolfii</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera wolfii is a rare species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name Wolf's evening primrose. It is native to the coastline of southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in coastal prairie, dunes, and coastal forest and woodland habitat. As of 1997 it was known from only about 16 occurrences. The biggest threat to the plant is its easy hybridization with its relative and probable descendant, Oenothera glazioviana. As this rare wild plant crosses with the introduced garden escapee, introgression occurs, causing what is known as genetic pollution; fewer pure individuals of O. wolfii will be seen as they are outnumbered by hybrids.

<i>Oenothera macrocarpa</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera macrocarpa, the bigfruit evening primrose, Ozark sundrops, Missouri evening primrose, or Missouri primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family Onagraceae, native to northeast Mexico and the south-central United States, where it is found in calcareous prairies and limestone outcrops.

Eriogonum brandegeei is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name Brandegee's buckwheat. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it occurs in Fremont and Chaffee Counties.

<i>Oenothera gaura</i> Species of flowering plant

Oenothera gaura, formerly known as Gaura biennis, the biennial gaura or biennial beeblossom, is a North American flowering plant that can reach 6 ft (1.8 m) in height at maturity. Its upper half is made up of flowering stems, which are covered with soft, white hairs. It has light pink colored flowers, which turn a vibrant red/pink color in the late summer to early fall seasons. These colors make this plant attractive to butterflies and bees, and are in full bloom just before many fall plant species begin to bloom.

<i>Oenothera suffulta</i> Species of plant

Oenothera suffulta, known as roadside gaura, honeysuckle gaura, or kisses, is a flowering plant in the primrose family, Onagraceae. It is endemic to the United States, in Texas and southern Oklahoma.

<i>Oenothera clelandii</i> Species of plant

Oenothera clelandii, the lesser four-point evening-primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to Ontario, Canada, and the east-central United States. A perennial or biennial reaching 40 in (1 m), it prefers to grow in sandy soils in prairies and fields.

References

  1. Wagner, W. L. (1983). New species and combinations in the genus Oenothera (Onagraceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70(1) 194-6.
  2. 1 2 3 Ladyman, J. A. R. Oenothera harringtonii Wagner, Stockhouse & Klein (Colorado Springs evening-primrose): A Technical Conservation Assessment. Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project. February 1, 2005.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Oenothera harringtonii. NatureServe 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 Onagraceae - the Evening Primrose Family. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
  5. 1 2 3 Skogen, K., et al. (2012). Microsatellite primers in Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae), an annual endemic to the shortgrass prairie of Colorado. Am J Bot 99(8) 313-16.