Onychoteuthis banksii

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Common clubhook squid
Onychoteuthis banksii1.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Oegopsida
Family: Onychoteuthidae
Genus: Onychoteuthis
Species:
O. banksii
Binomial name
Onychoteuthis banksii
(Leach, 1817) [2]
Synonyms [2]

Onychoteuthis banksii, the common clubhook squid, [3] is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Onychoteuthis . This species was thought to have a worldwide distribution but with the revision of the genus Onychoteuthis in 2010, it is now accepted that Onychoteuthis banksii is restricted to the central and northern Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico while a recently described species, Onychoteuthis horstkottei , is found in the Pacific Ocean. [1] The type locality is the Gulf of Guinea. [4]

Contents

Description

The maximum mantle length is 350 mm (14 in). [1] The eight arms are all of equal size and the tentacles are 27% of the mantle length. The clubs on the end of the tentacles bear two rows of strongly recurved hooks. There are two intestinal photophores, the anterior one being larger than the posterior one; there are also photophores in the form of whitish patches on the underside of the eyeballs. [4]

Most squid live in deep water, and in these, the lens of the eye is translucent to ultraviolet light. However, O. banksii lives near the surface where ultraviolet light penetrates the water, and the lens is yellow, strongly absorbing blue light. [5]

Distribution and habitat

Although this species used to be considered to have a global distribution in tropical and temperate seas, it is now accepted that it is restricted to the north and central Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, with other species in the species complex occupying other parts of its previous range. It occurs in open waters from the sea surface down to depths of 800 m (2,600 ft); It often rises to the surface at nights, sometimes being found on the decks of ships. [1]

Ecology

Like all squid, O. banksii is a predator. With its long tentacles it can catch prey much larger than its relatively small mouth. The posterior salivary gland secretes a toxin which helps subdue the prey while the horny beak breaks it into small pieces that the squid is able to swallow; to a human, the bite of this squid feels like a wasp sting. [6] The biology of this species is poorly known; it is short-lived, with females shedding their feeding tentacles at maturity, and after spawning, losing their turgidity and becoming weak. [1] [7]

Related Research Articles

Squid Superorder of cephalopod molluscs

Squid are cephalopods in the superorder Decapodiformes with elongated bodies, large eyes, eight arms and two tentacles. Like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. They are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius or pen, made of chitin.

Hooked squid Family of squids

The hooked squid, family Onychoteuthidae, currently comprise about 20–25 species, in six or seven genera. They range in mature mantle length from 7 cm to a suggested length of 2 m for the largest member, Onykia robusta. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight, funnel–mantle locking apparatus, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the Arctic Ocean, the family is found worldwide.

Taoniinae Subfamily of squids

Taoniinae is a subfamily containing ten genera of glass squids.

<i>Onykia ingens</i> Species of squid

Onykia ingens, the greater hooked squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantarctic oceans.

<i>Onykia robusta</i> Species of cephalopod known as the robust clubhook squid

Onykia robusta, also known as the robust clubhook squid and often cited by the older name Moroteuthis robusta, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Reaching a mantle length of 2 m (6.6 ft), it is the largest member of its family and one of the largest of all cephalopods. The tentacular clubs are slender, containing 15-18 club-hooks. Arms of the species contain 50-60 suckers, and grow to 90–100% of the mantle-length. It is found primarily in the boreal to Temperate Northern Pacific.

<i>Ancistroteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii, also known as the angel clubhook squid or simply angel squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae and the sole member of the genus Ancistroteuthis. It grows to a mantle length of 30 cm. It can be found in the western Mediterranean Sea, subtropical and tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean and western north Atlantic Ocean. Its diet include mesopelagic fish and pelagic crustaceans. It is sometimes taken as bycatch by commercial fisheries, but is not a targeted species.

<i>Idioteuthis cordiformis</i> Species of mollusc

Idioteuthis cordiformis is a species of whip-lash squid found in tropical regions of the west Pacific Ocean. The species is commonly known as the 'love-heart squid' because the species name cordiformis is Latin for 'heart shaped'. Recently, this species has been found to consume small birdbeak dogfish.

Mastigopsis is a genus of whip-lash squid containing one single species, Mastigopsis hjorti. Some teuthologists consider Idioteuthis synonymous with this taxon; however, genetic results indicate that this genus is not closely related with Idioteuthis but actually closer to Magnoteuthis.

<i>Onychoteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Onychoteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Onychoteuthis bergii. While the genus is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans, they can also occur in the North Pacific Ocean. There were previously considered to be four species in the genus but there are now considered to be roughly 10. These squid are frequently observed in the surface waters at night and they are often caught using dipnet at nightlight stations. The young squid are usually the only specimens captured using standard midwater trawls, the older squid are apparently able to avoid the trawls. They can, however be collected from the air as individuals are able to leap high out of the water, sometimes even landing on the deck of a ship.

<i>Onychoteuthis borealijaponica</i> Species of squid

Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, the boreal clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus Onychoteuthis, reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in females. Maturity is reached at 250 mm for males, and 300–350 mm in females. There are 24–27 hooks on each club, which is more than any other species in the genus Onychoteuthis. It is a pelagic species native to the North Pacific, although it migrates into Subarctic waters during the summer from its more southerly winter spawning grounds.

<i>Onychoteuthis compacta</i> Species of squid

Onychoteuthis compacta is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, known to occur in Hawaiian waters. as well as in other areas of the Central Pacific and western north-central Atlantic, it probably has a circumglobar distribution. The species is known to have a mantle length of at least 122 mm for females and 127 mm for males. Each tentacle has 22 club hooks, measuring approximately 30 mm in mature specimens.

Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Males become mature at 40 mm, and the species is believed to reach a maximum mantle length of 90 mm, the smallest species in the genus Onychoteuthis. The tentacular club reaches a length of 20-25% of the mantle length, and contains 16-19 club hooks. Arms reach 27-44% of the mantle length, and each contain 50-60 suckers. 8-12 nuchal folds are present on each side of the head. Its short, broad fins and the possession of a small number marginal suckers on the tentacular clubs of adults are distinguishing characteristics of this species. It is found off eastern Australia and probably extends into seas off Indonesia as well as east to Tonga and Vanuatu.

Notonykia africanae is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Notonykia. While the mature size of the species is unknown, it is known to reach a mantle length of at least 180 mm. Tentacles reach approximately 70% of the mantle length, and contain 14-20 club hooks. Arms are known to reach 27-45% and 33-55% of the mantle length; each containing 50-60 suckers. The species is located in southern waters off Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and South Africa.

<i>Teuthowenia megalops</i> Species of squid

Teuthowenia megalops, sometimes known as the Atlantic cranch squid, is a species of glass squid from the subarctic and temperate waters of the northern Atlantic Ocean. They are moderately sized squid with a maximum mantle length of 40 cm (16 in). Their very large eyes are the source for the specific name megalops. Like other members of the genus Teuthowenia, they are easily recognizable by the presence of three bioluminescent organs (photophores) on their eyeballs.

Cephalopod fin

Cephalopod fins, sometimes known as wings, are paired flap-like locomotory appendages. They are found in ten-limbed cephalopods as well as in the eight-limbed cirrate octopuses and vampire squid. Many extinct cephalopod groups also possessed fins. Nautiluses and the more familiar incirrate octopuses lack swimming fins. An extreme development of the cephalopod fin is seen in the bigfin squid of the family Magnapinnidae.

<i>Histioteuthis heteropsis</i> Species of squid

Histioteuthis heteropsis(H. heteropsis), also known as the strawberry squid, is a species of small cock-eyed squid. The scientific nomenclature of these squid stems from their set of differently sized eyes, one being small and blue and the other being large and yellow. It is thought that the large eye is used to see objects against dim light, while the smaller eye is more able to view bioluminescent light sources. The squid’s vernacular name arose due to its red pigmentation and the presence of photophores along its body, making it appear like a strawberry with seeds.

<i>Uroteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Uroteuthis is a genus of 14 species of common inshore squids of the Indo-West Pacific and is further subdivided into 3 subgenera. The members of the genus Uroteuthis are the only squids of the family Loliginidae that possess photophores and all species in the genus have a pair of photophore organs on the ventral surface of their ink sac either side of their intestine.

<i>Enoploteuthis leptura</i> Species of squid

Enoploteuthis leptura, the hooked enope squid, is a species of squid from the family Enoploteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Enoploteuthis, which is in turn the type genus of the Enoploteuthidae.

<i>Lampadioteuthis</i> Genus of squids

Lampadioteuthis megaleia is a small, colorful squid from the family Lycoteuthidae, it is the only species in the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Lampadioteuthinae, it is sometimes known as the wonderful firefly squid. It differs from the other species of the Lycoteuthidae mainly by having a hectocotylus in the males and by the possession of a rostrum on the gladius.

Onychoteuthis bergii is a species of hooked squid from the family Onychoteuthidae, it was originally described by Hinrich Lichtenstein from speciemsn taken near the Cape of Good Hope and is the type species of the genus Onychoteuthis. Until recently it was considered to be a junior synonym of Onychoteuthis banksii, but a re-examination of the type material, the lectotype and paralectotype which are deposited in the Natural History Museum, Berlin, showed that there were morphological differences which supported the status of O. bergii as a valid species. The species is found in the eastern South Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Barratt, I.; Allcock, L. (2014). "Onychoteuthis banksii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T163375A1003448. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163375A1003448.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Philippe Bouchet (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "Taxonomy: Onychoteuthis banksii (common clubhook squid)". UniProt. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  4. 1 2 Bolstad, K.S.R.; Michael Vecchione; Richard E. Young; Kotaro Tsuchiya (2010). "Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817). Version 23 December 2010". The Tree of Life Web Project.
  5. ↑ Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998). Cephalopod Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN   978-0-521-64583-6.
  6. ↑ Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998). Cephalopod Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. p. 48. ISBN   978-0-521-64583-6.
  7. ↑ Bolstad, K.S. (2008). "Two New Species and a Review of the Squid Genus Onychoteuthis Lichtenstein, 1818 (Oegopsida: Onychoteuthidae) from the Pacific Ocean". Bulletin of Marine Science. 83 (3): 481–529.
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