| Orphnaeus brevilabiatus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Order: | Geophilomorpha |
| Family: | Oryidae |
| Genus: | Orphnaeus |
| Species: | O. brevilabiatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Orphnaeus brevilabiatus (Newport, 1845) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Orphnaeus brevilabiatus is a species of centipede in the family Oryidae. [1] [2]
Adult specimens are typically 60-65 mm long, yellowish-orange in colour and ca. 1 mm wide at the head. [3] Females can have from 73 to 85 pairs of legs, whereas males can have from 67 to 77 pairs, most often 73 pairs. [4] A specimen from Madagascar with even fewer legs (53 pairs, sex not reported) [5] features the minimum number recorded in the family Orydae. [6]
It is a littoral myriapod that can be found throughout sublittoral zones of Indian and East Pacific countries, [7] including Taiwan and Japan, in particular the Okinawan, Yaeyama and Miyama islands, where it is listed as a threatened local population. [3] It has been introduced to south-west Western Australia. [8]
The species is one of several bioluminescent centipede genera currently known. [3] Upon direct chemical, thermal and physical stimulation, the centipede secretes a clear, but bioluminescent slime from pores in its sternal defense glands, supposedly a form of aposematism. [9] While several genera display this form of bioluminescence, utilising the typical oxygen-dependent luciferin-luciferase reaction, this example is noteworthy due to the low, narrow pH range of the reaction, and the relatively long period of emission. [10]
Myriapods are the members of subphylum Myriapoda, containing arthropods such as millipedes and centipedes. The group contains about 13,000 species, all of them terrestrial.
Ethmostigmus rubripes, commonly known as the giant centipede, is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. It is a solitary nocturnal predator found across Asia and Oceania, with three subspecies currently described.
Motyxia is a genus of cyanide-producing millipedes that are endemic to the southern Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and Santa Monica mountain ranges of California. Motyxias are blind and produce the poison cyanide, like all members of the Polydesmida. All species have the ability to glow brightly: some of the few known instances of bioluminescence in millipedes.
The Geophilidae are a polyphyletic, cosmopolitan family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea containing the mostly defunct clades Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, Chilenophilinae, and Macronicophilidae.
The Cryptopidae are a family of scolopendromorph centipedes. Cryptopids are blind and possess 21 pairs of legs. The genus Cryptops is the numerically largest in the family, comprising over 150 species worldwide.
Oryidae is a monophyletic family of soil centipedes belonging to the superfamily Himantarioidea.
Mecistocephalidae is a monophyletic family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha. It is the only family in the suborder Placodesmata. Most species in this family live in tropical or subtropical regions, but some occur in temperate regions. This family is the third most diverse in the order Geophiliomorpha, with about 170 species, including about 130 species in the genus Mecistocephalus.
Pselliodidae is a family of small centipedes, identical and closely related to house centipedes.
Schendylidae is a family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha.
Zelanophilidae is a family of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Geophiloidea. Centipedes in this family are found in the Australasian region. The smallest species in this family, Tasmanophilus spenceri, measures only 23 mm in length and has only 39 pairs of legs, the minimum number recorded in this family. The largest species in this family, Australiophilus ferrugineus, can reach 120 mm in length and can have as many as 109 leg pairs. The species Australiophilus longissimus can reach 72 mm in length and can have as many as 117 leg pairs, the maximum number recorded in this family.
Acanthogeophilus spiniger is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Northwest Africa. The original description of this species is based on a male specimen measuring 27 mm in length with 71 pairs of legs. It was first assigned to the genus Geophilus, but was moved to Acanthogeophilus in 1999 by Foddai and Minelli. Like other species in its genus, it is characterized by incomplete chitin lines, complete coxopleural sutures, stout legs, and a claw-like pretarsus.
Cryptops australis is a species of centipede in the Cryptopidae family. It was first described in 1845 by British entomologist George Newport. It occurs in Australia, New Zealand and Melanesia.
Ribautia is a genus of centipedes in the family Geophilidae. It was described by French myriapodologist Henry Wilfred Brolemann in 1909. Centipedes in this genus are found in South America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian peninsula, Australia, New Zealand, and Melanesia.
Tasmanophilus is a genus of two species of centipedes, in the family Zelanophilidae. It was described by American biologist Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1920. Centipedes in this genus are found in Australia and New Zealand.
Tasmanophilus opinatus is a species of centipede in the Zelanophilidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1845 by British entomologist George Newport.
Australiophilus longissimus is a species of centipede in the Zelanophilidae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1925 by German myriapodologist Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff.
Orphnaeus is a genus of centipedes in the family Oryidae. It was described by Danish entomologist Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert in 1870.
Henicops is a genus of centipedes in the family Henicopidae. It was described by British entomologist George Newport in 1845.
Gonibregmatus is a genus of centipedes in the family Gonibregmatidae. It was described by British entomologist George Newport in 1843.
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