Os justi (Bruckner)

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Os Justi
Motet by Anton Bruckner
Stift Sankt Florian 0145.JPG
Interior of St. Florian Abbey, where the dedicatee was choir master
KeyF Lydian mode
Catalogue WAB 30
Form Gradual
Language Latin
Composed18 July 1879 (1879-07-18): Vienna
DedicationIgnaz Traumihler
Published1886 (1886): Vienna
Vocal SATB choir
InstrumentalOrgan (verse Inveni David)

Os justi ('The mouth of the righteous'), WAB 30, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1879. Os Justi is a Gregorian chant used as gradual of the Commune Doctorum, [1] and as introit I [2] and gradual II [3] of the Commune Confessoris non Pontificis.

Contents

History

Bruckner composed this gradual on 18 July 1879 and dedicated it to Ignaz Traumihler, choirmaster of St. Florian Abbey. [4]

When Traumihler saw the manuscript, he asked: "Ist's der ganze Text?" (Is this the whole text?) Therefore, Bruckner added on 28 July 1879 a verse Inveni David in a Gregorian mode followed by a repeat of the Alleluja. [4] [5] [6]

While the first performance was expected on Traumihler's name-day (31 July 1879), it finally occurred four weeks later on 28 August 1879 on the feast of Saint Augustinus. Traumihler conducted while Bruckner played the organ. [4] [5]

In addition to the manuscript of 18 July 1879 (WAB 30,1), there is a revised manuscript of August 1879 (WAB 30,2). [7]

The work was first edited by Theodor Rättig, Vienna in 1886, together with three other graduals: Locus iste , Christus factus est and Virga Jesse . This first edition did not include the extra verse (Inveni David) and the repeat of the Alleluja. The verse and the repeat of the Alleluja were classified by Grasberger as a separate work (Inveni David, WAB 20). [4] Both the first edition and the MWV edition are based on the revised manuscript of August 1879.

The only edition of the first version is a facsimile of the manuscript of 18 July 1879 by A. Göllerich. [8] [7]

The completed setting with the extra verse (Inveni David) and the repeat of the Alleluja – the manuscripts of which are archived at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek [9] – is put in Band XXI/28 of the Gesamtausgabe. [10]

Text and music

The text of the motet is two verses of Psalm 37, which is Psalm 36 in the Vulgata (Psalms37:30–31). The text of the added verse is taken from Psalm 89 (Psalms89:20).

Os justi meditabitur sapientiam:
et lingua ejus loquetur judicium.
Lex Dei ejus in corde ipsius:
et non supplantabuntur gressus ejus.
Alleluia.
Inveni David servum meum,
oleo sancto meo unxi eum.
Alleluia.

The mouth of the righteous utters wisdom,
and his tongue speaks what is just.
The law of his God is in his heart:
and his feet do not falter.
Alleluia. [11]
I have found David, my servant;
I have anointed him with my holy oil.
Alleluia. [12]

The original work of 18 July 1879, a 69-bar gradual, is scored in Lydian mode for choir a cappella. On two occasions (bars 9–13 and 51–56) the choir is divided into eight voices. The second part on "Et lingua ejus" (bars 16–42) is a fugato without any alteration. [13] The last sentence, on "et non supplantabuntur" (bars 65-69), is sung pianissimo by the soprano, on a sustained tonic chord by the five other voices (ATTBB). [13] It is followed by a two-bar unison Alleluja in Ionian mode.

On 28 July 1879, Bruckner added an extra verse Inveni David scored for unison male voices with organ accompaniment, and a repeat of the 2-bar Alleluja. [4] According to Elisabeth Maier the melody of the Alleluja is a quote of the Alleluja of the introit In medio ecclesiae of the Missa de Doctoribus. [14] The extra verse is apparently Bruckner's own composition. [4]

Traumihler was a fervent supporter of the Cecilian Movement; the reason why Bruckner composed this motet in Lydian mode, without any alteration in the key and in the whole score, and with large use of unaltered chords. [5]

Selected discography

Version 1 (18 July 1879)

There is a single recording of the first version of Os justi:

Version 2 (August 1879)

The first recording of Os justi occurred in 1931:

The large majority of the recordings, sometimes without Alleluja, do not include the verse Inveni David. A selection among the about 120 recordings:

There are only a few recordings, which include the verse Inveni David:

References

  1. ↑ Commune Doctorum
  2. ↑ Commune Confessoris non Pontificis (I)
  3. ↑ Commune Confessoris non Pontificis (II)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 van Zwol, pp. 706-707
  5. 1 2 3 van Zwol, pp. 237-238
  6. ↑ Inveni David was the prescribed verse for the fest of St. Augustine on 28 August 1879, the day when the first performance took place
  7. 1 2 Bruckner-Online – Os justi, WAB 30
  8. ↑ August Göllerich/Max Auer, Anton Bruckner. Ein Lebens- und Schaffensbild (Deutsche Musikbücherei 36–39), Regensburg 1922–1937 reprint 1974 - Vol. 4, part 4, p. 568
  9. ↑ U. Harten, pp. 221 & 326
  10. ↑ Gesamtausgabe - Kleine Kirchenmusikwerke
  11. ↑ Os justi meditabitur on ChoralWiki
  12. ↑ Inveni David on ChoralWiki
  13. 1 2 M. Auer, pp. 72–73
  14. ↑ Elisabeth Maier, Der Choral in den Kirchenwerken Bruckners, Bruckner-Symposion, 1985, cited in: U. Harten, p. 327

Sources

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