PKS 0529-549

Last updated
PKS 0529-549
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Pictor
Right ascension 05h 30m 25.21s
Declination -54d 54m 22.1s
Redshift 2.574360
Heliocentric radial velocity 771,774 km/s
Distance 10.782 Gly (light travel time distance)
Apparent magnitude  (V)0.171
Apparent magnitude  (B)0.227
Surface brightness 20.0
Notable features Radio galaxy, starburst galaxy
Other designations
PGC 2824392, PKS B0529-549, MRC 0529-549, PMMM 052927.1-545647, SUMSS J053025-545422

PKS 0529-549 known as MRC 0529-549 and PKS B0529-549, is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Pictor. At the redshift of 2.57, the object is located nearly 10.8 billion light-years away from Earth. [1]

Contents

Characteristics

PKS 0529-549 is one of the high redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) found. [2] [3] [4] Detected from high-resolution 12-mm and 3-cm images, obtained by the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the galaxy is found to have a Type-II active galactic nucleus (AGN) showing two radio lobes. With a rest-frame of -9600 rad m-2, the eastern radio lobe holds a record for the highest Faraday rotation measure to date, signifying a strong magnetic field or either a dense circumgalactic medium. [5]

The host galaxy for PKS 0529-549 is a starburst galaxy [6] in the final stages of merging with another galaxy. [7] The result of this galaxy merger would be progenitor of an elliptical galaxy, in which causes increasing luminosity due to high star formation in its regions. [8] Signs of star formation included a plethora of absorption line features detected through using the deep X-shooter spectrum, stellar photospheric and wind features indicating presence of OB-type stars as well as both emission lines and low-ionization absorption features. [7]

From further observations, PKS 0529-549 has an energetic source of radiation located throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum. Such HzRGs like PKS 0529-549 are extremely massive, including old stars (up to ~ 1012 M○), hot gas (up to ~ 1012 M○) and molecular gas (up to ~ 1011 M○). [9] Furthermore, galaxies with M⋆ ≳1011 M⊙ at z ≃ 2–3 tend to have star formation rates of order of ~100 M⊙ yr−1. This suggests PKS 0529-549 lies above the mean SFR–M⋆ relation, in the so-called star-forming main sequence. [10]

Like most HzRGs, PKS 0529-549 is known to host large reservoirs of interstellar dust and gas. [11] Apart from that, the galaxy is found to exhibit both hot dust emission at 8.0 μm, with a significant internal visual extinction (~1.6 mag), inferred from Spitzer Space Telescope near/mid-IR imaging. [5]

Observations

According to researchers who observed PKS 0529-549 from Atacama Large Millimeter Array in Chile, it contains chlorine [C I] and doubly ionized oxygen [O III] which display regular velocity gradients. However, their systemic velocities and kinematic PAs differ by ~300 km s−1 and ~30°, respectively. The [C I] is consistent with a rotating disc, meaning it is aligned together with both the stellar and dust components, while the [O III] has a possible outflow trace, that is aligned with two active galactic nuclei-driven radio lobes in the host galaxy of PKS 0529–549.

Moreover, the [C I] cube is reproduced through a 3D disc model with Vrot ≃ 310 km s−1 and σV ≲ 30 km s−1⁠, giving Vrot/σV ≳10, comparable to local spiral galaxies. [12] [13] This indicates that the [C I] disc of PKS 0529-549 is not particularly turbulent [14] and indeed remarkable considering that PKS 0529-549 has a star formation at the rate of at ~1000 M⊙ yr−1. Not to mention, it hosts a powerful radio-loud active galactic nucleus, with large amount of energy injected into its interstellar medium. [15]

PKS 0529-549 is known to lie on the local baryonic Tully–Fisher relation. This is interesting since it has both estimates of both M⋆ and Mmol, other than Vrot and σV according to researchers who studied the galaxy. The stellar mass of PKS 0529-549 according to them, are estimated to be M⋆/L[3.6] = 0.5 M○/L○ which is similar for all galaxies, as expected from stellar population synthesis models with a Kroupa IMF. [16]

Researchers further measured the rotation velocities along the flat part of the rotation curve (Vflat) in PKS 0529–549. This is probed by deep H I observations by Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves. [17] In the case, Vrot is an intensity-weighted estimate over the semimajor axis, since the [C I] emission is resolved with ~2 beams. Thus, one might wonder whether they are probing Vflat. Local galaxies that have similar masses as PKS 0529-549 normally have rotation curves, peaking at very small radii (R ≲ 1 kpc). These tend to decline by around ~20–30 percent before reaching Vflat. [18] This suggests some massive galaxies like PKS 0529-549 are in place and kinematically relaxed at z ≃ 2.6, when the universe was only ~2.5 billion years old. [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 612</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sculptor

NGC 612 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Sculptor located approximately 388 million light-years from Earth. It is a type II Seyfert galaxy and thus has an active galactic nucleus. NGC 612 has been identified as an extremely rare example of a non-elliptical radio galaxy, hosting one of the nearest powerful FR-II radio sources.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4065 Group</span> Group of galaxies in the constellation of Coma Berenices

The NGC 4065 Group is a group of galaxies located about 330 Mly (100 Mpc) in the constellation Coma Berenices. The group's brightest member is NGC 4065 and located in the Coma Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1428</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1428 is a peculiar galaxy of an uncertain morphology; either an elliptical or lenticular galaxy located approximately 65 million light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +29.30</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cancer

4C +29.30 is an elliptical galaxy located in Cancer constellation. Its redshift is 0.064840 which corresponds to a light travel time of 850 million light-years from Earth. It is a wide-angled tailed radio galaxy (WAT) and a Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRAS 09104+4109</span> Galaxy in the constellation Lynx

IRAS 09104+4109 is a galaxy located in the constellation Lynx. With a redshift of 0.440797, the light travel time for this galaxy, corresponds to 4.8 billion light-years from Earth. It is the brightest cluster galaxy in CDGS 25, also known as WHL J091345.5+405628 and a notable, unique ultraluminous infrared galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 2126-158</span> Quasar in the constellation Capricornus

PKS 2126-158, also known as PKS 2126-15, is a quasar located in Capricornus. It has a redshift of 3.268000, which corresponds to the distance of 11.5 billion light years. It is classified as a gigahertz peaked-spectrum quasar (GPS) with a flat-spectrum radio source and a blazar, a type of active galaxy shooting an astrophysical jet towards Earth.

TXS 1545-234 known as NVSS J154817-233701, is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Scorpius. It has a redshift of 2.755.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MRC 0406-244</span> Radio galaxy producing an astrophysical jet in the constellation of Eridanus

MRC 0406-244 also known as TN J0408-2418, is a radio galaxy producing an astrophysical jet, located in the constellation of Eridanus. At its redshift of 2.44, it is roughly ten billion light years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MRC 0316-257</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Fornax

MRC 0316-257 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. Its redshift is 3.13, making the object located roughly 11 billion light-years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1345+125</span> Galaxy merger in the constellation Boötes

PKS 1345+125 known as PKS 1345+12 and 4C +12.50, is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIG) with an active galactic nucleus, located in the constellation Boötes. With a redshift of 0.121740, the galaxy is located 1.7 billion light-years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell 2219 BCG</span> Brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation Hercules

Abell 2219 BCG, also known as LEDA 2285869, is a massive type-cD elliptical galaxy residing as the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the Abell 2219 galaxy cluster located in constellation Hercules. At the redshift of 0.224, the galaxy is around 2.7 billion light-years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell 1942 BCG</span> Brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Abell 1942 BCG, also known as PGC 1256558, is a massive elliptical galaxy of type-cD residing as the brightest cluster galaxy of the Abell 1942 galaxy cluster, located in the constellation Virgo. With a redshift of 0.224, the galaxy is located nearly 2.7 billion light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1402-012</span> Quasar in the constellation of Virgo

PKS 1402-012, also known as UM 632, is a quasar located in the constellation of Virgo. With a redshift of 2.51, the object is located 10.7 billion light-years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +03.10</span> Quasar in the constellation Orion

4C +03.10 also known as PKS 0505+03 and OG +008, is a quasar located in the constellation of Orion. At a redshift of 2.46, the object is located 10.6 billion light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKS 1402+044</span> Quasar in the constellation of Virgo

PKS 1402+044 is a quasar located in the constellation of Virgo. It has a redshift of 3.207, estimating the object to be located 11.3 billion light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell 697 BCG</span> Brightest cluster galaxy in the constellation Lynx

Abell 697 BCG, also known as LEDA 2079433, is a massive type-cD elliptical galaxy residing as the brightest cluster galaxy in Abell 697 galaxy cluster. It is located in the constellation of Lynx and has a redshift of 0.28, meaning the galaxy is located 3.5 billion light-years away from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell 68</span> Galaxy cluster in the constellation Pisces

Abell 68 is massive and rich galaxy cluster located in the constellation of Pisces with a projected co-moving distance of approximately 1124.6 Mpc or 3.668 billion light-years away from Earth. The cluster is especially notable for its gravitational lensing and was first discovered by George O. Abell in 1958.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PG 1543+489</span> Quasar in the constellation of Boötes

PG 1543+489, also known as QSO B1544+4855 and PGC 2325245, is a quasar located in the constellation of Boötes. At the redshift of 0.399, the object is located 4.5 billion light-years away from Earth. It was first discovered in 1983, by researchers who presented 114 objects in the Palomar-Green bright quasar survey, as one of the best studied samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4C +26.42</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Boötes

4C +26.42 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation of Boötes. It has a redshift of 0.063, estimating the galaxy to be located 863 million light-years from Earth. It has an active galactic nucleus and is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in Abell 1795, an X-ray luminous rich cluster (LX 1045 ergs s-1), with an estimated cooling-flow rate of 300 M yr-1.

References

  1. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  2. ↑ "Distant Radio Galaxies and their Environments - G.K. Miley & C. De Breuck". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  3. ↑ De Breuck, Carlos; Klamer, Ilana; Johnston, Helen; Hunstead, Richard W.; Bryant, Julia; Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte; Sadler, Elaine M. (2006-02-01). "A search for distant radio galaxies from SUMSS and NVSS - II. Optical spectroscopy1*". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 366 (1): 58–72. arXiv: astro-ph/0511169 . Bibcode:2006MNRAS.366...58D. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09799.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  4. ↑ Broderick, Jess; De Breuck, Carlos; Hunstead, Richard (2006-04-01). "High resolution polarimetric imaging of PKS 0529-549: A pilot study at 12 mm". ATNF Proposal: C1555. Bibcode:2006atnf.prop..221B.
  5. 1 2 Broderick, J. W.; De Breuck, C.; Hunstead, R. W.; Seymour, N. (2007-03-01). "An extreme rotation measure in the high-redshift radio galaxy PKS B0529-549". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 375 (3): 1059–1069. arXiv: astro-ph/0612143 . Bibcode:2007MNRAS.375.1059B. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11375.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. ↑ Singh, V.; Beelen, A.; Wadadekar, Y.; Sirothia, S.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.; Basu, A.; Omont, A.; McAlpine, K.; Ivison, R. J.; Oliver, S.; Farrah, D.; Lacy, M. (2014-09-01). "Multiwavelength characterization of faint ultra steep spectrum radio sources: A search for high-redshift radio galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 569: A52. arXiv: 1405.1737 . Bibcode:2014A&A...569A..52S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423644. ISSN   0004-6361.
  7. 1 2 Man, Allison W. S.; Lehnert, Matthew D.; Vernet, Joël D. R.; Breuck, Carlos De; Falkendal, Theresa (2019-04-01). "Quenching by gas compression and consumption - A case study of a massive radio galaxy at z = 2.57". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 624: A81. arXiv: 1902.08622 . Bibcode:2019A&A...624A..81M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834542. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. ↑ Eales, Stephen A.; Rawlings, Steve (1996-03-01). "A Panoramic View of Radio Galaxy Evolution from a Redshift of 0 to a Redshift of 4.3". The Astrophysical Journal. 460: 68. Bibcode:1996ApJ...460...68E. doi:10.1086/176953. ISSN   0004-637X.
  9. ↑ Miley, G.; Carilli, C.; Taylor, G. B.; de Breuck, C.; Cohen, A. (2009-02-01), High Redshift Radio Galaxies: Laboratories for Massive Galaxy and Cluster Formation in the early Universe, arXiv: 0902.3677 , retrieved 2024-06-05
  10. ↑ Bisigello, L.; Caputi, K. I.; Grogin, N.; Koekemoer, A. (2018-01-01). "Analysis of the SFR-M∗ plane at z < 3: single fitting versus multi-Gaussian decomposition". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 609: A82. arXiv: 1706.06154 . Bibcode:2018A&A...609A..82B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731399. ISSN   0004-6361.
  11. ↑ J. Willott, Chris; Rawlings, Steve; J. Jarvis, Matt; M. Blundell, Katherine. "Near-infrared imaging and the K—z relation for radio galaxies in the 7C Redshift Survey". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  12. ↑ Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian; Brinks, Elias; Bigiel, Frank; de Blok, W. J. G.; Madore, Barry; Thornley, M. D. (2008-12-01). "The Star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where Gas Forms Stars Effectively". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (6): 2782–2845. arXiv: 0810.2556 . Bibcode:2008AJ....136.2782L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/6/2782. ISSN   0004-6256.
  13. ↑ Mogotsi, K. M.; de Blok, W. J. G.; Caldú-Primo, A.; Walter, F.; Ianjamasimanana, R.; Leroy, A. K. (2016-01-01). "H I and CO Velocity Dispersions in Nearby Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (1): 15. arXiv: 1511.06006 . Bibcode:2016AJ....151...15M. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/15 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  14. 1 2 Lelli, Federico; De Breuck, Carlos; Falkendal, Theresa; Fraternali, Filippo. "Neutral versus ionized gas kinematics at z ≃ 2.6: the AGN-host starburst galaxy PKS 0529-549". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  15. ↑ Lehnert, M. D.; Nesvadba, N. P. H.; Le Tiran, L.; Di Matteo, P.; van Driel, W.; Douglas, L. S.; Chemin, L.; Bournaud, F. (2009-07-01). "Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium of Intensely Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshift~2". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1660–1678. arXiv: 0902.2784 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1660L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1660. ISSN   0004-637X.
  16. ↑ Kroupa, Pavel (2001-04-01). "On the variation of the initial mass function". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 322 (2): 231–246. arXiv: astro-ph/0009005 . Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322..231K. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  17. ↑ Lelli, Federico; McGaugh, Stacy S.; Schombert, James M. (2016-12-01). "SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 157. arXiv: 1606.09251 . Bibcode:2016AJ....152..157L. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/157 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  18. ↑ Noordermeer, E.; van der Hulst, J. M.; Sancisi, R.; Swaters, R. S.; van Albada, T. S. (2007-04-01). "The mass distribution in early-type disc galaxies: declining rotation curves and correlations with optical properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 376 (4): 1513–1546. arXiv: astro-ph/0701731 . Bibcode:2007MNRAS.376.1513N. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11533.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.